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Summary: Purpose. Currents methods for the evaluation and control of optical radiation hazards at workplaces are presented. Methods. Safe exposure criteria that may be readily applied to practical situations are discussed. Hazard evaluation techniques are discussed for a number of intense optical radiation sources. Examples include arc welding, germicidal lamps in medical and laboratories activities, metal and glass melting. Results. Hazard data and PPE choice criteria are provided, taking account of varied critical aspects from the case studies discussed. Conclusions. Some critical aspects in the optical radiation safety management have been discussed. The improvement of protection programmes is needed to raise awareness of the health hazards of optical radiation, and to achieve the application of simple engineering controls and/or administrative controls aimed at ensuring that workers are made aware of the presence of potentially harmful optical radiation and providing information to avoid such harmful exposure, according to AOR Directive., Competing Interests: The authors of this article have no conflict of interests to disclose., (Copyright© by Aracne Editrice, Roma, Italy.)

Summary: Purpose. The work illustrates useful elements for the risk assessment for workers exposed to electromagnetic fields, also in reference to sensitive subjects such as those with active implantable medical devices (AIMD). Methods. The approach introduced by Legislative Decree 81/08 for risk assessment does not explicitly include operational criteria and specific measures for the protection of sensitive subjects. In the case of workers with DMIA, the employer may refer to relevant harmonized technical standards. Results. They are shown the results of in vitro tests performed on pacemakers following the indications of the technical reference standard and employing sources of electromagnetic fields that, due to the type of signal emitted, do not allow to exclude an a priori influence on the operation of the device. Conclusions. Workers at particular risk are generally protected if the requirements established for the population are respected. This measure may, under certain conditions, not be sufficient,making it necessary to carry out more in-depth and individual assessments. However, the cases illustrated here for AIMD showed interference phenomena only in limited experimental configurations despite the levels of the electric and magnetic fields generated by the sources exceeding the limits for the general population., Competing Interests: The authors of this article have no conflict of interests to disclose., (Copyright© by Aracne Editrice, Roma, Italy.)