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Soil erosion has been identified as a major threat to existing soil deposits, which negatively affects ecosystem sustainability, agricultural production and clean water supply. This study covered the eastern part of Kaštela Bay with the aim of developing a model of susceptibility to soil erosion by applying the GIS-based multicriteria analysis, based on nine determinant criteria categorized by the Jenks method in five classes. The largest representation of soil erosion susceptibility was detected on the slopes of the Kozjak and Mosor massifs. According to the calculated weighting coefficients using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the slope was the most impactful criterion with 29.9 % importance. It was followed by hydrological criteria of topographic wetness index, standardized precipitation index and LS-factor, with 13.1 % importance each. After the development of the model, zones of very high and high susceptibility to soil erosion were delineated, with a combined coverage of 33.34 % of the study area. These areas were identified as a potential threat from the future occurrence of negative effects of soil erosion, which should be addressed in the future by land policy managers and government managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern geoinformation technologies, such as remote sensing satellite missions and classification methods, are becoming increasingly prominent in land cover classification. Due to the emergence of high spatial resolution missions with improved temporal and spectral resolutions, such as Worldview-3, this approach enabled new possibilities in land management. To provide an in-depth analysis of such possibilities, this study reviews methods of land cover classification using WorldView-3 satellite imagery. With 29 different spectral channels and a spatial resolution of 1.2 m, Worldview-3 multispectral satellite images represent the most modern currently publicly available commercial multispectral images. The classification of multispectral images is performed to facilitate the identification and recognition of objects in the images. Analyzed classification methods are: supervised (semi-automatic) classification methods, unsupervised (automatic) classification methods, and object-based classification methods. In order to increase the accuracy in land cover studies, it was determined as necessary to develop automatic methods that rely on a combination of controlled and uncontrolled classification methods. This approach enables the automatic determination of samples for conducting supervised classifications of interest for land management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the importance of the connection between the development of smart agriculture and sustainable digital transformation (DT) of the agri-food sector. The sustainability of DT depends on a number of complex components, especially information and communication technologies (ICT), and economic systems. The increase in the number of studies in this area indicates a complex nature as well as interdependencies. Over the last few decades of innovation, ICT, artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have significantly affected human activities in all aspects. This includes the rapidly changing and difficult-to-predict agricultural sector in the context of global development, indicating the need to address these challenges. The global trend of DT has included all sectors, opening space for the contribution of smart agriculture to sustainable DT, but also to find appropriate "tailor-made solutions" for every challenge we face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of precision agriculture increased the efficiency of plant production, while simultaneously reducing the production cost. Precision irrigation can be considered as the combination of sensors, computer software and irrigation systems. Precision irrigation has reduced water consumption and increased yields, and thus increased economic profits. The development of new crop monitoring technologies in precision irrigation has been made possible by the imaging and analysis of real-time crop condition data. The aim of this study was to describe the present state and possibilities of precision irrigation in practice in the EU and Croatia. An overview of the current precision irrigation technologies, as well as its adaptive management to the decision-making in agricultural water management, represents a fundamental basis for future practical studies in precision irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper depicts sensors in precision agriculture. It encompasses the most significant and frequently used sensors in agriculture. Furthermore, the paper explains the main sensor types according to their design, the recorded range of electromagnetic spectrum, as well as the way of detection, recording, measuring, and representation of the detected energy. The development of remote research has provided deeper understanding of remote sensors and their advantages. The sensors installed on soil testing equipment, fertilizing and crop protection machinery, as well as crop picking machinery have been analyzed relative to precision farming. The paper depicts widely known sensors OptRx, ISARIA and VRT technology. The results of the paper assess the data collected by sensors and processed in order to produce maps for agrotechnical operations. The application of maps decreases the employment of human resources, heightens the capacity of data collection, increases the precision of agricultural activities, and finally results in decreasing the cost of final products. The technological progress over the past decade has enabled the development of technology with variable application standards (VRT) that, according to current needs, enables input optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper depicts agricultural robots that can perform complex tasks. Fast development and application of agricultural robotics is a result of increased development of agricultural machinery. Robots are complex and intelligent systems with a significant role in agriculture that are becoming an integral part of both the technological and scientific progress. The paper presents some important roles of robots and robotic systems in various agricultural areas and explains the deployment of new technologies supported by the examples of their application in arable farming, horticulture, and forestry. Robotics application decreases the deployment of human resources, enables significant production cost savings, and increases production capacity. The application of robotic systems facilitates high precision levels and repetition speed regarding time and space, which cannot be replicated by farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]