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This article outlines a reading of the novel Sexto sueño (2007), by the Puerto Rican writer Marta Aponte Alsina. This paper's objective is to analyze the way in which a unique space of enunciation is articulated through two performativities: one legal and another literary. It involves a journey that takes us through places like the U.S. and Puerto Rico, in which bodies in transit are crossed, not only by legal and biopolitical practices, but also by various instances of experimentalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the provisions of the Final Peace Accord on land should have furnished an unprecedented opportunity for Colombia to overcome traditional obstacles to the effective enforcement of reforms to secure land tenure, provide access to vulnerable groups and realize the productive potential of the Colombian countryside. However, two years later achievements in this field are minimal. While most of the academic discussions are still focused on the tension between ideological positions about the extent of private property rights, this paper will look into some of the policy and institutional challenges faced by the Administration that took office on August 2018. The lack of a strong land policy and institutional frameworks has limited the impact of the implementation of previous reforms and may also impair the reforms pursued by the new Administration. The challenges remain significant and, as this paper asserts, unless they are properly addressed, the risk of another frustrated reform will remain high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe the theoretical, statutory, precedentual and case law on one of the forms to perform anticompetitive practices, which is bid-rigging, and its most important current trend: horizontal shareholding. Likewise, this paper states the atypical and almost embryonary stage of competition law in Latin America, and how it impacts repression to anticompetitive practices in public procurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of cyberspace law poses a challenge to the traditional borders of law. The increase of activities and business deals on the internet has awakened the interest of lawyers, civil servants, businessmen, and scholars regarding the manner on how to determine internet jurisdiction. The goal of this paper is to establish the criteria for determining jurisdiction that are being used by courts when they have to resolve cases on the internet. The paper analyses academic literature and selected cases in the US, Europe, Colombia, and the world with qualitative and inductive method, using primary and secondary sources, documentary review, and direct observation techniques. The conclusions are that: 1) Differences between common or civil law systems seem to be disappearing when new rules emerge to establish jurisdiction on the internet; 2) An alternative use of both new online and traditional offline rules is observed in resolving cases by the courts, especially in the US; 3) International cases suggest that courts have applied traditional rules rather than online rules like the Zippo test, Calder tests, or the mere accessibility among others; 4) European (Germany, Netherlands) and the Colombian cases show that they prefer use offline criteria, although we can find some online rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Framework contracts are a frequently used tool in the legal dealings. However, they have been studied scantily in the Colombian legal doctrine despite the difficulties they posit in both the theory and the practice. This paper aims to examine the notion of framework contract in order to differentiate it from other related legal concepts, study its legal nature, and ascertain its legal effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the system of shareholders agreements contained in Article 70 of Law 222 of 1995 and Article 24 of Law 1258 of 2008, in order to determine its scope and thus understand generally the regulation of these agreements in the Colombian commercial law and the way how are you standards relate to the general rules on obligations, contracts and partnerships, thereby seeks to sustain the possibility to conclude agreements partners in all types of companies and not only in the corporation and simplified stock. It also seeks to identify the main issues under discussion for which the work is based not only on a policy analysis, but also doctrinal, jurisprudential and includes reference to the interpretations made by the Superintendencia de Sociedades both concepts and judicial decisions related corporate agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper pretends to analyze the burden of proof of liability derived from the air transport agreement, both International (Montreal Convention 1999) and nationally (Commercial Code), on the understanding that there are certain situations where this could be reversed. This is because disproportionate and unbalanced facts presented in the daily practice of aeronautics. The writing has the method, a deductive research strategy, which is why we started from a general premise to reach a specific topic, "disproportionate or unbalanced situations in the development of air transport activity, which reverses the burden of the test."In conclusion, the paper proposes a reversal of the burden of proof in certain cases where the inconsistency is evident, according to the principle of judicial economy, so important in the legal traffic busy today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will address some of the problems arising from the legal identification of trans people and the exercise of their rights in Colombia. After a brief théorie explanation about the notion of trans as an identitary concept, the author will describe two different approaches concerning the role of the law regarding trans people's lives and experiences. The first one, rooted on queer theory, opposes any governmental intervention. The second one, based on the human rights discourse embraced by the LGBTI social movement, is willing to demand legal recognition. This paper concludes with the analysis of the difficulties in the assignment of sex on the identification documents and its effects on the exercise of citizenship, a debate where both approaches can be highlighted and were new challenges about the legal recognition of gender identity emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the field and practice of White-Collar criminality and litigation in the transnational sphere, the us Foreign Corrupt Practices Act occupies a central role. When a corporation bribes a foreign public official, the FCPA as well as local Penal Codes will be violated. Therefore, an individual and/or corporation could eventually be prosecuted by local authorities and the us Department of Justice under the FCPA. This presents double jeopardy and collateral estoppel issues, which this paper will address. Furthermore, this paper will focus in Latin American comparative criminal law, to analyze the influence that could - or should- be exerted over the DOJ with transnational white-collar litigation strategies. Primarily this paper suggests that active involvement of corporations in local prosecutorial efforts in Latin America can bring beneficial consequences in DOJ conducted FCPA investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the legal validity of the fast track constitutional amendments (FT). First, the work analyses the concept of legal validity and highlights the next notions: membership, legal applicability and moral applicability of the legal rules. Later, the author argues that FT does not fulfill with two necessary validity conditions to constitutional amendments in Colombia: its democratic character and the constitutional rigidity. Lastly, it is concluded that FT only could claim moral applicability but in this sense FT are legally irrelevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the discussion about the international legal status of the "Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera" and the legal effects that such status would produce under constitutional law in Colombia. Thus, it analyses the scope of public international law sources with the aim of evaluate if the beforementioned Acuerdo complies with the requierements in order to be considered a legal source under public international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Colombian Consumer Act --Law 1480, 2011-- still generates relevant questions about how to explain the protection system of users. That said, 'it is important to study the meaning and effect of the principles of the Colombian Consumer Act --article 1--' that involve the essential and basic issues of Consumer Law in this country. With this goal in mind, this paper aims to examine the implications of those principles in order to think about a Consumer Law in Colombia that suggest an organized and harmonic system of rules aiming for the protection of the consumers. This is because; the mentioned principles and the Colombian Consumer Act are the mainstay of this new part of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author analyzes the restrictions imposed on party autonomy to set the arbitration procedure, derived from Constitutional Law inter alia. He does so, through a comparative exercise that deals with the case of amigable composición as an example of ADR whose contractual nature favors party autonomy. In order to demonstrate that the constituent and the Colombian legislator could have further favor party autonomy in arbitration, the author analyses the similarities between these two mechanisms. Thus, through an investigation on the roots, regulation and jurisprudential evolution of amigable composición in Colombia and in comparative law, he identifies why there are so many differences in the practice of these proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a home energy management model called GEDE, outlined in the Colombian Law 1715/2014. Different operation ways that can be applied in the proposed residential energy system are presented. The system has a variable topology, so that it is fed by distributed generation sources or by the interconnected system, and they are related to a control system. Three scenarios were analyzed: (1) Distributed generation during peak hours and the user manually activates the system; (2) the user decides to connect several loads that require high power levels in peak hours, and then the service of distributed generation is reserved until this hour to supply the high power, thus this scenario is semiautomatic, and (3) the system saves energy in an autonomous way through intelligent infrastructure controlling the appliances and lighting utilization. This proposal allows providing new energy consumption patterns through mechanisms that make a significant contribution to the efficient energy by utilizing monitoring, control, and supervision techniques together with distributed generation. In the proposal household users participate making decisions related to energy consumption and generation, through the incentives provided by Law 1715. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main target of this reflex paper is to explain some ideas about behavioral economics, such as the prospect theory and the framing effect, as well as its possible implications for the law, especially in the context of tobacco control law in Colombia and the current package warning labels. The paper concludes that these warnings have the potential to reduce the tobacco consumption. However, the effectiveness of these messages could be increased if the information is reframed in an alternative way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the important role of domestic justice in the protection of the right to access to international justice, and in our case Inter-American justice. Within this purpose, the text explains the existence of a right to an effective international remedy in the Inter-American Human Rights System, and describes some of its peculiarities. Also, it shows the importance of national justice in the effectiveness of the international remedy and addresses certain issues with regard to the implementation of international judgments in the domestic sphere, considering that international rulings are binding and have the same nature of national judicial decisions. Finally, the paper deals with some reflections on possible internal remedies to comply with international rulings in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recently in force Bolivian Constitution of 2009 brings a change in the structure of the legal system. This paper analyzes such change through the formal relations among the legal sources and exposes the structure of the Unitarian and territorially decentralized State shaped by the Constitution. Besides a previous theoretical frame, the paper is divided into two main parts: the first one regards the Constitution as a legal source, and includes the legal consequences of its supremacy, the limits of the interpretation clause of the Constitution and the application of the stare decisis doctrine to the Constitutional Court precedents; the second part exposes the ordinary legal sources, its respective position in the structure of the legal system and the formal relations among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to find the link between the efficacy of the rule of recognition and the coactive support of law with the situation of the judges in Colombia's conflict zones. The first part of this paper is entirely dedicated to introduce the theoric concepts in Herbert L.A Hart and Hans Kelsen. Afterwards, it goes through the violence in the regions of Putumayo and Urabá and the situation of the judges in both regions. The paper also focuses on the term or concept of "efficacy" from Mauricio Garcia's construction of its two manifestations: the instrumental efficacy and the symbolic efficacy. Finally the paper concludes with a brief revision of all the concepts and some conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines and reviews the legal theory of JÜRGEN HABERMAS in the context of HABERMAS's general social theory, known as the theory of communicative action. First explained are the central concepts of system in lifeworld around which HABERMAS has developed his theory of modern society. Subsequently attention is paid to the dual role of law as an institution and a medium in HABERMAS's theory, after which the latest developments of HABERMAS's legal theory are reviewed. Finally, the paper discussed the influence and criticisms of HABERMAS's perspective on law in the secondary literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applicable law to the International Contract of Distribution of the European Union presented a lot of difficulties under the application of the Rome Convention of 1980, subsequently this uniform legal norm required establishing the law applicable to the international contract, to identify the characteristic performance in such legal relationship. The characteristic performance of the distribution contract could not be determined in a uniform way, because some of the courts of the Estates which made part of it understood that it was carried out by the distributor, others maintained that is was the grantor of the merchandize, while others considered that this contract could not be established under characteristic performance theory. The Rome I Regulation from the European Union has made important modifications regarding determining the applicable law to this contract, since it has established in a rigid and direct way the norm of the habitual country of residence of the distributor for this legal relationship to be applied. The present paper pretends to analyze if the rigid determination of the law applicable to the distribution contract in the Regulation of the European Union Rome I, manages to solve interpretation problems presented on the Rome Convention of 1980, bringing legal certainty through the foreseeable applicable law to the international contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the adoption of the national status of domestic and international arbitration, Colombia took a big step in arbitration, the contributions of the Law 1563 of 2012 are novel for arbitration, especially regarding precautionary measures of different types, i.e., nominated and nameless. However, it is necessary to refer to the application, recital and practice of these measures can be taken in two periods: before and after being notified by the defendant in an arbitration process. However, the 1563 Act of 2012 presents a gap in the adoption of precautionary measures called early, so the Hotbed of Litigation in this paper makes a proposal based on international arbitration, to be regulated in Colombia this figure and so ensure that the arbitration process will safeguard effectively the rights recognized by substantive law, as envisaged in the General Code of Procedure and the Constitution of Colombia. This research figures such as the arbiters of urgency, the pre-arbitration and judicial support the theory of the referees as an open catalog of possibilities will be presented in front of experts in the field to take the best option refers to domestic arbitration is appropriate to the implementation of precautionary measures and anticipatory unnamed in the arbitration process in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is part of the Master's thesis in Social Policy "Female Stray Bodies: To a social construction of gender policy in Bogotá" like a result of my own work experience as a young state official of the Protection of Children and youth District Institute (or IDIPRON initials in spanish). During the research process we attempted to construct knowledge from the experience of those who were involved in the problem of study, questioning the construction of sexualities and gender in street contexts as well as the government response that support roles and gender stereotypes in District's social service programs, aimed at children and youth inhabitant of / in street. The purpose of the paper is to present the conceptual and methodological route for the construction of a new category: stray female bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a novel technique to control the air fraction in the intake of dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) Diesel engines. This control strategy enables to efficiently regulate the air fraction while satisfying a desired EGR proportion (between low-pressure EGR and high-pressure EGR). Based on a modified physical model of the air fraction dynamics along the engine air-path, a linear parameter varying (LPV) linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control is designed to ensure the stability of the air fraction while minimizing a quadratic performance index. The controllability of the system, necessary for the LPV-LQR control design, is verified by defining a convex parameter set using a polytopic approach. The controller is evaluated under strong transient conditions using an engine model that has been experimentally validated as a reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of psychology can be placed in scenarios apparently outside of field. In order to understand the development of psychology out of laboratory and great characters, this paper studies the means by which the production of psychological knowledge is assembled on society. Is analyzed the production discursive of psychology experts who participated in 2009 in the legal debate on gay adoption in Colombia, describing the way in which psychological evidence is articulated to legal field. Is found that the Corte Constitucional is a scenario that favors and promotes the production of psychological knowledge, and experts built versions of the social order through the evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, which lies between the limits of the dogmatic and philosophy of law, seeks to analyze from different categories the process of judicial, legislative and academic constitutionalization of the Colombian legal system, and as a result, offers the essential features of a model of constructivist constitutionalization as an alternative to the idealistic and analytical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the reference to law on public policy theory is scarce, legal interest in this topic has increased in Colombia in recent years. One reason for this connection is the repetitive reference to the concept of public policy in constitutional jurisprudence. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the narrative of the Colombian Constitutional Court about the notion of public policy since the promulgation of the 1991 Constitution until 2013. The approach to accomplish this task is the narrative analysis of public policy which is addressed primarily by Emery Roe (1994). The reconstruction of such narrative takes place in two stages: first, I explore different scenarios in which the Court refers to public policy in its narrative. Second, I analyze the formal aspect of the narrative, that is, the different ways how the Court understands the public policies and what is the legal form that these policies should take. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an approach to the way major law schools in Colombia seem to "react", according to what we understand by "globalization". To this effect, a critical view of the conventions around globalization will be addressed, from general or transnational legal theory, to then provide an overview of the curricula of the universities, as we have seen, may be representative of the national experience. The methodology we have used is a comparative analysis of the curricula of selected universities, we have examined what schools offer courses that can contain a global view of the law, and which have dominance in the "vocational" or "black box" subjects. The conclusion presented accounts for the preponderance with local subjects and are entrenched in the particular legal theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rules on the protection of the weaker party have had an important and strong impact in the civil law through the implementation of new and specific juridical instruments of safeguard before unknown to the Italian Civil code. Among these, there is the peculiar sanction of the relative nullity of protection as an instrument to defend the weaker party. This paper, after highlighting the scope and the main features of this sanction, shows describes illustrates the possible and desirable developments in the provisions of the protection of the weaker party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the analyses on court ruling T/025 of 2004 have been centred on the conditions necessary to overcome the unconstitutional state of things regarding the situation of displaced people. In this sense, attention has been focused on the ruling's direct and indirect effects on institutions, and on improving their capacity to fulfil the rights of displaced people. Nevertheless, this type of studies has overlooked the day-to-day implementation of the measures set by the Government in order to comply with the judicial orders included in the ruling. For this reason, the present paper presents the results of a field research carried out in the neighbourhoods of Bosa and Soacha (in Cundinamarca, Colombia) where displaced and host populations coexist. These reveal a series of disregarded effects in the daily lives of these people resulting from the execution of forced displacement public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to explore the relation between foreign investment and forced Migration in the context of Colombian armed conflict. Through the illustration of recent cases, it shows the various forms in which the operation of multinational corporations has generated adverse effects to the vulnerable communities located at their area of influence, thus generating processes of involuntary human mobility. In that way, it is established that there is a symbiotic relation between conflict and development, affecting the structure and scope of the norms for both the protection of forced migrants and accountability for human rights violations. This is so because there is an economic interest that constrains the recognition of the above-mentioned cases under such legal sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper proposes the creation of a model for the harmonisation of contract law in Latin America. For this purpose two conditions are relevant: the factual assessment of the phenomenon of the disassembling of traditional contract law and the assessment of the creation of a common Latin American legal culture. Based on them, a singular method of harmonisation can be constructed, the scope of which is to reduce legal dispersion in Latin American contract law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is a bibliographical overview which constitutes the author's first document presented for his PhD in Law from the Universidad Javeriana. It presents the latest studies on formalisation and judicialisation of arbitration in some legal systems in Latin America. For this purpose, it will deal with matters such as the definition of the legal nature of arbitration, monism and dualism in legislative structures, the constitutionalisation of the figure and phenomenon of judicial intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

France revised its Constitution in 1971, but the modification was not carried out by one of the organs authorised by that same text. Colombia replaced its Constitution in 1991, but did these constitutional changes comply with the laws of the time? The present paper is an overview of these juridical transformations from the point of view of the theory of juridical revolution, which is applied in order to determine the new legal basis of each of these legal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper includes the results of a research project titled 'The Making of Contracts in Common-Law Marriages', the purpose of which was to answer the following question: At what moments may permanent partners sign a common-law marriage contract? Based on the hypothetical consideration that such moments may be: before starting the common-law marriage, before constituting the common-law patrimonial company or just after constituting it, a descriptive type of research was used, together with a field design that allowed for the recollection of the necessary information from all the notaries in the Circle of Bogotá, through the application of a tool. We also resorted to a bibliographical design for the gathering of secondary data, the main sources of which were doctrine, legislation and jurisprudence. The analysis carried out both quantitatively and qualitatively allowed us to establish that there is a legislative absence regarding the moment in which the mentioned contract may be constituted, which is why public scriptures were found that had been signed at different times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On April 11th 2012, the Colombian Supreme Court of Justice qualified as dangerous activities the provision of medical services, even though it also established the parameters according to which this type of activities should be evaluated and in which the presumption of guilt is included. The fact that the execution of medical services must comply with such guidelines supposes a change regarding the way jurisprudence has so far evaluated this regimen. Consequently, and by way of a methodology mainly centred on the analysis of the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and particularly on the ruling aforementioned, the present research paper intends to show that notwithstanding the way medical activities were qualified in the ruling, the regimen regarding them continues to enclose subjective responsibility and the presumption of innocence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents two theoretical approaches to incest, one from the point of view of psychoanalytic theory and the other from the point of view of the law; and two cases of sexual abuse, one represented directly as an abuse, the other protected by laws relating to the civil rights of polygamous groups. The objective is to study together both theoretical systems and examine the ways in which they can help to shed light on the formation of masculinities; and to examine the cited cases together, to present the various forms that abuse suffered by girls in two different cultures may take. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the rules that state the law to be applied to international contracts. The author reviews Conflict of Laws established in the Colombian Civil Code and the Colombian Commerce Code, drawing comparisons with conflict rules that have been established in modern international instruments. Such instruments include Regulation (EC) 59312008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17th June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I), and the Inter-American Convention on the Law Applicable to International Contracts, as well as others that make up the Uniform Law of International Trade such as the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. Through analysis of the aforementioned comparisons, interpretive guides are suggested that go beyond the inflexibility and gaps in Colombian legislation. It is presented in a way that seeks to aide, in the most helpful way possible, the needs of those involved in international trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper in based on the achievement of a critical analysis on the issue of medicine patents, observing how the subject has been approached by the doctrine and how it has been empirically applied. Also it will be study the legal cases where the law provides for compulsory licensing and seeks for an alternative, in which it is necessary to find balance, so as not to "break a medicine patent" in a way that ensures Brazilians access to needed medicines for the treatment of HIV and cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Argentine prison system shows a significant deterioration, overcrowding and lack of government intervention, in a context of institutional, social and economic difficulties. Such conditions are ripe for conflict, as occurred in the province of Mendoza in March 2000, the motín vendimial. Taking as a reference point such disturbance, this paper analyzes the current situation of the prison system in Mendoza, specifically, the living conditions in prisons, the various parties involved and finally discusses alternative proposals for prison systems. Apparently, the riots are not only a manifestation of violence and revenge between them internally but also a way of claims due to living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the product of a research in behavioral economics, a current and, nowadays,a very meaningful topic. This is a field of economics that challenge the basic foundations of neoclassic economy criticizing the rationality of economic agents. It is an attempt to introduce a behavioral approach of human actions and choices. In this paper the authors initially illustrate an overall view of the issue, mostly unexplored by the national literature, and then describe the many implications that this new economic view can have on law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition to oral processes is, without doubt, a Herculean task whose achievement, in fact, is a joint responsibility of the legislature, jurisprudence, doctrine and the national academia, who must work together in order to develop, with solvency, a real oral process. It is a challenge that demands the involvement of all legal actors who are called, in part, to rethink the system, and based on their conclusions, to put it into practice. That's why this paper addresses just one of the main topics to be considered regarding orality: the evidence rules under the oral system. Thus, it seeks to elucidate a structural question or problem: What specific reforms are needed for the rules of evidence in order to achieve the oral process? Identifying the problems that current rules of evidence have and proposing some solutions to that problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates how the behavior of the parts within a contract has legal effects in the contract phase named "preliminary treatment". In this sense we perform a legal and doctrinal analysis of the concept of free will and its exteriorization, considering the implications and scope of the effective appearance theory accepted by European courts for such cases where the exteriorized behavior does not agree with the procedure of one party generating a need to protect the other that has legitimate expectation over the imminent celebration of a contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper approaches, from a legal, doctrinal and jurisprudential perspective, the concept and extent of the "Own Acts Doctrine" or "Venire Contra Factum Proprium Nulla Conceditur" as a general principle of what it implies as a right, according to different law systems and, in particular, according to Argentinean law. It settles and analyzes the requirements for its due application in each precise case and to prevent therefore any discretional uses, acting either as a shield against inappropriate pretensions or as a device to silence an exasperating judged pretension, which, paradoxically have been given to this valuable tool founded on good faith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper one would approach the essential budgets of the human rights, essence, classification, social teaching of the Church, and rules of interpretation of the fundamental rights according to the jurisprudence of the Colombian Constitutional Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the first Japanese immigrants in Colombia (1922-1936). This research is a compilation of legal resolutions dictated in the 1886 Colombia's Republic Constitution towards immigration. Particularly, this research points out debates around the improvement of the race project through promoting alien immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To come up with such a compilation, reviewing primary official sources (laws and decrees), discourses and related literature was fundamental. The analysis of the research shows that there is a correlation between diverse laws that allowed or restricted aliens to enter the country. In addition the debates taking place in different groups of the local society around the benefits and disadvantages of letting immigrants enter the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a result of the line of victimology of the research team "Estudios de Derecho Público" (acknowledged by Colciencias - "A" category). It is a reflection paper that focuses in its first part in the historical oversight of victims, to further board the subjects referring to the necessary change of perspective in the Colombian criminal justice system in reference to victim's rights, in accordance with the Colombian constitution and with the international law of human rights. Finally, it refers in a specifically to those rights: access to justice and fair treatment, restitution and compensation, assistance and peaceful coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper will be presented to the reader how systemics and cybernetics are useful to structure a Systemic-Cybernetic Theory of Law (SCTL). By means of SCTL it will be possible to give an answer to diverse Philosophy of Law's questions, obtaining in this way a more complete vision of Law in comparison with others that have been offered. It will be exposed how the methodology and the systemic and cybernetic epistemologies enter into the juridical world, then there will be enumerated some characteristics of a possible SCTL and the answer that this new vision of Law offers for the juridical questions. The SCTL will constitute - we expect - the paradigm that the complexity of the topics and systems of (national, international, transnational, etc.) law requires to confront the crisis of its practical operation and of its scientific and philosophical researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of protection of Human rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights is the Highest Tribunal that fights for the promotion of those contained in the American Convention on Human Rights. "Francisco Suarez S.J." competition is intended to raise consciousness and awareness of Iberamerican's University Students, through the investigation, analysis and criticism based on a hypothetic case related to International Rights and specifically of the Inter-American System of protection of Human Rights. This paper is the answer to the complaint made by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in which it made the State of "Astoria" responsible of certain violations to Human Rights due to the establishment of a nuclear power plant. The violations consist in rights like: right to a worthy life, freedom of movement and residency, protection of family rights, etc. The State will demonstrate that it hasn't violated any right and that it has fulfilled all its obligations in matters of Human Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]