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Objective: Estimate an optimal policy for the blood platelets supply chain distribution problem using a vendor-managed inventory problems approach. Methods and materials: This paper uses an integrated simulation-based optimization model to develop a Vendor- Managed Inventory approach for blood platelets. Simulation is used to estimate the performance of a defined inventory policy. On the other hand, a genetic algorithm finds optimal or near-optimal inventory policies. This approach is evaluated using a case study inspired by a real blood center in Colombia. Results and discussion: Using the proposed approach, key indicators in the blood supply chain such as total cost and outdated units are significantly improved while maintaining the service level. In terms of costs, the VMI model shows a 19.19% advantage over the non-VMI solution. Moreover, the proposed VMI solution can reduce by 42.25% the number of expired platelets. Conclusions: Using a VMI-based distribution system and a simulation-based optimization approach with genetic algorithms offers promising results in the proposed use case. This mixed methodology allows for flexible system configurations without the need for complex changes in the algorithm, and it does so without the need for excessive computational resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen was evaluated using silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a cylindrical-parabolic composed photoreactor. Materials and methods: Titanium dioxide was synthesized via green synthesis using Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract and doped by silver photodeposition. Results and discussion: Morphological information shows that large agglomerates of approximately 49 nm can be attributed to the strong interaction between nanoparticles and their polycrystalline nature. The photodeposition of metallic silver reduces the surface effects, allowing a decrease in the electrostatic interaction and diameter size of the titanium dioxide, as well as the optical properties due to surface poising during the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver. The photocatalytic activity was performed to degrade acetaminophen as the drug model under visible-light radiation. The results are promising, with superior photodegradation of acetaminophen of approximately 37% and 11% for unmodified titanium dioxide and silver-doped titanium dioxide (0.75 at%) nanostructures compared to the commercial photocatalyst, respectively. Conclusions: Accordingly, the potential photocatalytic application of silver-doped titanium dioxide nanostructures is highlighted and represents a promising alternative for the photodegradation of organic compounds from wastewater eluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper presents a joint application of systematic layout planning (SLP) and TOPSIS methods for the facility layout design of a power generation turbine parts repair workshop. The SLP method is an easy-to-apply tool that can consider both qualitative and quantitative criteria. Materials and Methods: In this case study, the SLP method is adapted for a future plant project that is not currently in place. First, instead of a materials flow analysis, the definition of the process flow, as well as the department requirements, is carried out. Then, the closeness relationships between the process flow activities and the layout alternatives are determined. Finally, the TOPSIS method is applied to evaluate and select the best layout alternative according to the compliance with closeness relationships, the location of dangerous departments, the flow of operations, and the location of departments around a current electrical substation. Results and Discussion: The resulting facility design complies with the defined criteria, and its architectural and layout designs are presented using 3D software. Conclusion: The joint application of SLP and TOPSIS methods allowed us to obtain a proper facility layout design for the case of a power generation turbine parts repair workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to properly monitor the health status of the hydrological resources of a region, in terms of water contamination, a scalable and low-cost system is necessary to map the water quality at different locations and allow the prioritization of more sophisticated and expensive monitoring campaigns on those areas where a suspicious behavior seems to be occurring. This paper presents the design and implementation process of such an IoT-based solution for low-cost and scalable water quality monitoring applications. To achieve that end, we propose the utilization of a lowcost inter-digital capacitance (IDC) sensor to characterize the conductivity of the water, a very telling parameter about the level of pollution in the water. Additionally, an embedded method to measure such sensor was designed and implemented, which considers the requirements of a portable platform: low computational capabilities, small memory and low power consumption. Our results show that an IDC sensor is capable of detecting the changes of the capacitance of the sample, and therefore mapping the changes in the conductivity of the water. Additionally, integrating an embedded measuring method is a valid option for in-situ characterization of water samples and the complete solution enables a new paradigm for water quality monitoring in large scale scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thie main objective of this paper is the conceptual study and characterization of slow journalism from an academic and professional perspective. As a methodological process, a total of 76 files have been analyzed, of which 58 correspond to publications of authors from the academic world and 18 to journalism professionals. Thie publications come from the academic world on information and journalistic quality, on digital journalism and narrative journalism, as emerging journalistic routines with potential and creative dynamics in the media sector. Thie other part of the analysis corresponds to 18 professional journalism experts. Among the most outstanding results is the preeminence of the academic world when it comes to studying the phenomenon, given that among those who practice journalism there is less production of works in this regard compared to those coming from the university environment. Also in academia there is a greater profusion of denominations to refer to the phenomenon in Spanish, although both in academia and in the journalistic profession itself the most commonly used term is the Anglo-Saxon term slow journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Te Ckunza of the Lickan Antai people inhabiting Chile, Bolivia and Argentina has been declared extinct. However, it is argued that reconstructing the elements of the grammar could facilitate its revitalization. Tis paper seeks to account for these elements in the ckunza of San Pedro de Atacama. To this end, a review of the phonetic, phonological, lexical, semantic, morphological and syntactic elements of the Amerindian language will be provided. Tis analysis also informs about the agglutinative characteristic of Ckunza. Te corpus of this research comes from the samples collected by the pioneers in its study. Te aim of this review is to show the grammar of Ckunza, since its reconstitution will provide the rules that will allow the creation of new sentences that will contribute to its revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research-creation is a methodological proposal still under construction. It is surprising how the field of communication has been inserted in this discussion, although it was the faculties of arts, architecture and design who, at least in Colombia, initiated the debate that culminated with its institutional recognition. Thiis article makes a state of the art of research-creation in the Colombian audiovisual field, based, first, on a literature review and, second, on a look at the offer of postgraduate training in the country. For the review of scientific publications, the EBSCO and SCOPUS databases were used to retrieve documents in Spanish that included the terms "research + creation". Preference was given to publications containing reflections on the method or the conceptualization of research-creation itself. The final list contemplates a corpus of 65 documents, in which the levels that define the discussion are identified: epistemological, methodological and creative. For the review of the postgraduate offerings, the database of the National System of Higher Education Information -SNIES- was used, where the postgraduate programs that declared some component or emphasis on research-creation were selected. The analysis shows the approaches registered in the identified graduate programs. In sum, this paper aims to contribute to the discussion on the place of communication in the construction of research-creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Te objective of this paper is to contribute to the current theoretical and conceptual debates that address the technopolitical phenomenon. Specifically, it addresses the processes of appropriation and use of information and communication technologies that the new indigenous movements carry out in the Latin American continent, whose central purpose is to confront the colonial matrix of power that governs the functioning of the modern-modern-colonial-capitalist world system. It is found that technopolitics emerges as a praxis of antagonistic struggle in contexts of intercultural conflict, which demands the design of research agendas that attend to the specificity of local processes that, "from below", dispute the meaning of interculturality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade there have been several debates about the relevance of online news comments. While some question the hate speech that is verified in these spaces, others highlight the possibility of exchanging opinions. This paper proposes a methodological tool to measure the quality of online news comments, using a sample of 300 comments on highly visible websites in Portugal (Público; Sapo), Spain (El País; 20 Minutos) and Brazil (UOL; Folha S. Paulo). The results determine that commentators tend to use a little personal argumentation (82.3%), although relevant to the discussion in question (60.3%), with few grammatical errors (14.7%) or aggressive interventions (31.7%). Following the Online Comment Policy Evaluation Model (Known in Spanish as MPONC), it is concluded that websites with quality comment moderation systems attract more relevant and timely interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constitutes a reflective article arising from the research project entitled Learning two figurative uses in early childhood. Challenges and implications for education, funded by the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana between 2015 and 2020. It analyzes the need for early childhood and primary school teachers to make a conscious and explicit use of metaphors and idioms in their classroom pedagogical practices, taking into account the linguistic particularities that characterize these expressions and their relevance for learning from early ages. Likewise, a proposal is offered that allows the incorporation of metaphors and idioms in the classrooms of these educational levels, in a gradual and increasing way, taking into account the pragmatic comprehension skills of the children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the articulation between decoloniality and interculturality, it is necessary to analyze categories that include, on the one hand, historical aspects and, on the other hand, power relations and asymmetries. In this way, the need to assume a critical stance from the concepts of culture and coloniality becomes concrete. The objective of this article is to understand how western knowledge has generated a project of modernity, through discourses in which the construction of otherness goes through different processes of assimilation and incorporation of the other. These condition the adjustment of otherness, according to the dominant social standards, from essentialist conceptions, which ends in processes of differentiation and discrimination. The method used is the critical documentary review. The paper concludes that decolonization poses the challenge of dissociating itself from knowledge that distorts reality, and must distance itself from rationalities that fragment, classify, label and generate rhetoric with which social division is reinforced and segregation and exclusion are legitimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the incommensurable and incommensurable nature of subalternity, which materializes a position without an identity whose intelligibility is complex, especially when we try to access the configurations of its ontopolitical schema. Subalternity constructs a binary opposition to the nation-state. It is necessary to fight for the production of new criteria of legibility of the educational and cultural subject. This problem is reduced to an obstruction in its ontopolitical and existential rules of intelligibility of a wide constellation of specific heterogeneous groups amalgamated through political, structural, relational, contingent and historical issues that determine their units of cultural legibility. The method employed is that of critical documentary review, organizing a critical corpus of review works derived from intercultural studies, subalternity and postcoloniality. Each of them are key to promote other types of epistemological performances in this regard. Among the main findings and conclusions, we note that subalternity documents a deeper methodological problem: we do not know exactly what the cultural and political agency of such groups consists of. The only thing we should not forget is that we, educators, are at the service of subaltern groups, our task is to learn from their environment, to become a disciple of their cultural space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dependence Theory has been deemed as an obsolete approach for the study of Latin-American reality. The success in other peripheral geographic areas that managed to position themselves at the core of the world economy by the end of the 20th century apparently meant that the said theory was not valid anymore. However, the Latin-American countries are still not capable to correct the structural deficiencies that inspired the inception of the dependence, as they are still today significantly dependent on the raw material trading. This paper aims to resume the debate on the Dependence Theory in order to recover some valuable insights for the reflection on the current socioeconomic trends in this region. This work attempts, in turn, to redefine the most rigid and obsolete theoretical aspects of the Dependence Theory in order to underline how it influenced current development discourses. In this vein, this paper highlights the parallel facts between the Dependence Theory and the academic literature on development and primary resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bogotá Organic Statute --EOB, after the Spanish acronym-- set outs the relationships between the city central administration and its 20 local districts and provides the guidelines for a district-based decentralization in Bogotá. This paper gathers three viewpoints emerging from a recent research conducted by the inter-faculty research group at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, the "Urban Policy Group" that addressed the theme of the EOB. The main idea from these reflections is how the decentralization in Bogotá has been characterized based on the EOB, in relation to elements from different models allowing defining it as the result from a hybrid process. After a review of the EOB historic background in order to understand its origin, and, having explored the debates in the Constitutional Assembly in order to explain the different trends that inspired and brought it into existence as well as the political context back then, this paper provides a design of the decentralization in Bogotá and its particularities. This way, the characterization of the decentralization model in Bogotá is described as a hybrid process between the decentralization, deconcentration and delegation that sometimes favors the decentralization economic model and, sometimes, the political model. The final reflections lead to think that instead of "becoming blurred and/or modified" due to the effect of the planning and management devices that appeared later, it is the particularities of the "decentralization model adopted in the EOB" --i.e., its largely hybrid nature-- that allow understanding what happens when going from the guidelines produced by the city central administration to the formulation and implementation of the projects. This fact requires encouraging a more fluent dialogue between the central administration and the local districts to strengthen the spaces where the citizen's voice is present as a valid speaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper proposes a critical review of the mental health category, given the challenges of migration. Objective: To review the recent scientific literature on the articulation of mental health and migration categories. Method: 36 scientific articles published between 2016 and 2019 were reviewed. They were selected through a systematic process of searching for scientific literature in the databases Pubmed, Ebsco, Science Direct and Scielo. It was made a qualitative analysis to characterized and identified trends and particularities in research. Results: the approach to mental health is mainly focused on problems, symptoms and mental illnesses. The articles are eminently quantitative and specific to the health area. They were carried out in high-income countries that receiving migrants in vulnerable situations. It is observed differential effects between pre-migration and postmigration, and between men and women migrants as well. Other papers studying the particular impact on children and adolescents, or the role of social determinants in migration. Discussion and conclusions: the migratory phenomenon merits a critical review of the mental health category centered exclusively on mental problems and disorders. It is important to promote also a positive understanding of mental health in interventions with the migrant population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide theoretically elements to develop health models and systems in Latin America. Its objective is to analyze the attention models and the most relevant configurations of health systems, with a special focus in Primary Health Care (PHC) based models. Methodologically, a narrative no systematic review was made in databases and Google Scholar. For this purpose, it was used the following keywords: models, configurations, paradigms, and theories/health. Papers with holistic information considered relevant and appropriate were selected. For the analysis, first, a hierarchic classification of the distinct approaches identified was made. Second, classic models defined in the literature were studied. Finally, a critical analysis about some models related to PHC in Latin America and distinct modalities of attention in the 21st century was made. With regard to the structured relationships necessary to reorient the health system, it was concluded that these must be grounded in PHC approaches, and oriented toward a "communitarian attention model" to organize services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latin American journals of psychology indexed in the Journal of Citation Reports (JCR), are generally edited by professional associations of psychologists, universities and private foundations. This paper analyzes the positioning strategy adopted by the Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid, regarding the psychological journals in the area in which they edit. The methodological approach taken to explore the topic uses socio-bibliometric techniques gathering numerical data, and then using that data to perform analyses for a well-informed description of what the topic might be. The results reveal that journals, whose editor or co-editor was Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid, have increased their visibility in recent years, in both, the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR= 8 journals) and that of the Journal of Citation Reports (JCR= 7 journals) with a greater citation count for its articles, and a higher number of views and downloads for the papers published in its journals. The conclusion is, that the positioning strategy adopted by the Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid was an effective one, involving the unification of certain rules relating to the edition of articles in their journals, the professionalization of editorial management, the electronic publishing with digital publication of journals and using the open access publishing model for scholarly communication that makes research information available to readers at no cost, as well as their integration in the list of international databases. Although a broader strategy concerning gender equality is recommended, the Spanish professional association of psychologists still stands today as the main editorial group of psychological journals indexed in JCR and SJR of Spain [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview on the history of the earliest applications of psychological practices in the two main mental institutions linked to the Assistance for Psychopaths in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the beginning of the 20th Century. This encompassed a range of clinical practices that employed psychological techniques and tools thought as having a curative effect on the causes or symptoms of mental illness. Mental hygiene doctors used those techniques as well, with the biopolitical goal of averting illness and any consequent risk and social danger. The techniques are analyzed in their relation to the modernization project of Brazilian nation and to the problem of what was then understood as its "degenerated population". The main objective of the paper is to investigate the role of Psychology in Brazil in the early 20th Century. The results appoint an effective interrelation between the raise of scientific legitimacy of Psychological knowledge and technology and the integration of Psychiatry within different nation's modernization projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the most important long-term plan proposed by China is the "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI), which comprehends projects in many different fields, related to the foreign, but also to the domestic policies. This initiative is quite impressive in its ambition, its diversity, the number of countries and the resources involved. This paper aims to contribute to these investigations by developing a comparative analysis of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Marshall Plan, implemented by the United States after World War II. Comparisons between so different countries and historical moments require obviously extreme caution - notably because the Marshall Plan was completed more than sixty years ago and the Belt and Road Initiative is still on its initial phase. Nevertheless, our hypothesis is that one may find similitudes between these initiatives, notably regarding some of their motivations. The paper argues that behind the rhetoric of the international benefits deriving from the plans, they aim also to deal with national economic and geopolitical wills of the proponent countries. More importantly, they respond to a historical necessity inherent to all market economies, that is, extroversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts a renewed understanding of the concept of poetic reason, key in María Zambrano's philosophical writings, from a hermeneutical approach. Poetic reason might be seen in this light as a gateway to a different kind of rationality, one that might help to enrich its ontological and anthropological implications, and overcome the hubris that has been historically ingrained in this concept. The paper is structured in three parts: in the first one, an attempt will be made to show a reform of the understanding, which involves human life integrally, in such a way that reason transcends and makes it possible to understand the historical complexity of man and the urgent need to return to oneself. In the second, special attention will be focused on Zambrano's new humanism, based on poetic and merciful reason, as an antidote to the ghost of war. And the third section delves in the work Claros del bosque to point to the reader the three hermeneutical moments that they will possibly face when trying to understand the realm of poetic reason. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to articulate the way in which Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Jan Patočka revisit the figure of Socrates as a way of overcoming what they view as the "crisis of philosophy", discussing both their points of convergence and divergence. To this end, the paper unfolds in three sections. The first section will address the general sense of historical crisis in which the said crisis of philosophy arises. The second section turns around Merleau-Ponty's proposal of a return to Socrates as a way out of this crisis, a solution based on the understanding that philosophy is actually fulfilled in a living relationship with men, and far from its reduction into a comprehensive system of thought. The third section will revolve around the Patočkian characterization of Socrates as a model of "spiritual man" and such characterization will be worked out through the existential dialectic that constitutes the "movement of life". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper aims to analyze the legal framework of public procurement for professional services. Through legal research methods, the paper proposes a systematic analysis of the legal framework recurring to normative, jurisprudence, and doctrinal sources. It will be held that the legal definition of those contracts made in article 32.3 of Law 80/1993 is too broad and vague. It has generated many doubts about the scope of this particular kind of contract and the public procurement process applicable to them. Therefore, this article studied the legal framework of the different types of public professional services contracts: professional services on strict sense, support management and artistic works that can only be entrusted with certain people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the media framings from which National Geographic Magazine -NGM- (1903-1926) contributed to the construction of the identity of Colombians at the beginning of the 20th century. The main argument of this paper defends the idea that the media framings found are directly supported by the ideologies of Manifest Destiny and Positivism. By means of the rhetoric strategy of appropriation, the framings found promote two values associated with the Manifest Destiny: the virtue of the institutions of the United States and the mission to transform the world in accordance with the values professed by this country. Regarding the ideology of positivism, the media framings reproduce this ideology through the rhetorical strategy of classification, given that the reports observe the identity of Colombians through the lens of the scientific theory of Darwinism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question concerning the nature of "true philosophy" is a constant in Hume's philosophical enquiry. The present paper revisits the Conclusion of Book i of the Treatise of Human Nature, a crucial piece of writing to understand his answer to that question. In this dramatic section, the author narrates the crisis he suffered after confronting his science of human nature with sceptical arguments. I interpret Hume's narrative as a phenomenological description of the flux of passions, dispositions, and transformers which, after reflection, determine the transit from false to true philosophy, that will be justified by sceptical motives. Hume's voyage shouldn't be read only as an autobiographical experience since it represents the desired turn that should be followed by anyone who feels inclined towards philosophy, in order to discover both the utility and the pleasure derived from its practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1960s were the scene of the most transcendent documentary cinema that has been produced in Cuba. In a cinematography led by men, the name of an only woman director stands out, Sara Gómez, whose sensitivity allowed her to represent, from a singular use of lmic language, the social otherness of her time. is paper intends to understand the dramaturgical strategies used by this author to approach the subaltern subject in Cuba aer the triumph of 1959. Focused on the study of the documentaries Guanabacoa, chronicle of my family (1966) and On the other island (1968), the analysis uses the review of theoretical proposals on otherness in and dramaturgy of the documentary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In analyzing 1 Cor 1:26-31, this paper seeks to highlight the rhetorical power of the Pauline argument which states that most of the people God called to create the Christian community at Corinth are not "wise," "powerful," and "from a prestigious family," but "fool things," "weak things," "despicable things," and "things that are nothing." By revealing his wisdom and power in the cross of Christ, God chooses the weakness and madness of the world, destroying the foundations of human pride. The paper also shows that Paul's statements cannot be dissociated from the Greco-Roman culture's honor discourse, associated with power, gender, and social standing. In addition to wealth, associated with people of high social status, there was a hierarchy of values that included family lineage, connections with Rome, and cultural sophistication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the provisions of the Final Peace Accord on land should have furnished an unprecedented opportunity for Colombia to overcome traditional obstacles to the effective enforcement of reforms to secure land tenure, provide access to vulnerable groups and realize the productive potential of the Colombian countryside. However, two years later achievements in this field are minimal. While most of the academic discussions are still focused on the tension between ideological positions about the extent of private property rights, this paper will look into some of the policy and institutional challenges faced by the Administration that took office on August 2018. The lack of a strong land policy and institutional frameworks has limited the impact of the implementation of previous reforms and may also impair the reforms pursued by the new Administration. The challenges remain significant and, as this paper asserts, unless they are properly addressed, the risk of another frustrated reform will remain high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the case of DOCUPERU, an organization that creates audiovisual contents intended to reect on the use of the collaborative documentary, which aims to promote an inclusive culture of active citizens. It is determined that the products designed by José Balado and his team result from collective actions that allow the marginal communities to gain access to some ways of self-representation, rebuilding their memory and speaking of their quotidianness. Firstly this paper presents an overview of the cultural agency. fien, it explains how these forms of amateur production have led to a new boost for the collaborative documentary. Finally, an interview to Balado is transcribed herein; this way he explains the fundamentals making possible to create such collective life experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that there is a thread in the philosophy of E. Tugendhat binding together his moral and justice theories with his conceptual analysis. Oriented by the thesis that a conceptual analysis is necessary to explain what justice is, this paper reconstructs some aspects of Tugendhat's philosophy. It is divided in four sections: First, I delve into the author's definition and use of conceptual analysis. Second, I describe some features of Tugendhat's moral theory of contractualism. Third, I examine his theory of justice. Fourth, I conclude by framing my analysis within the debate between Rawls's and Tugendhat's theories of justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to analyze the studies conducted on people with disability under the approaches of rights and capabilities considering those aspects interesting in the public health field, such as the inequality, social justice, social determining factors, and well-being of collective groups. A narrative review of the both national and international literature concerning the disability was carried out under both the right approach and the capability approach. Searches were carried out based on keywords in Spanish, English and Portuguese. The quest for information provided 32 documents in total; regarding the approaches under study, 16 papers dealt with rights and disability, 11 papers with capabilities and disability, and 5 papers with both approaches. It can be concluded that the approaches of rights and capabilities have a dichotomous and non-linear relation. Regarding the disability, these two approaches indeed complement each other from their different fields, especially when it comes to cope with the barriers existing between people with disability in the spheres of education, employment and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta una introducción a la revista, en la cual se discurre sobre la transición de la publicación a un formato completamente digital.

The paper aims to understand the evolution of the Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Sustainability constructs according to different management research paradigms, as well as current tensions and future research possibilities. The methodology adopted is a tertiary review of the literature. The situation of the convergence of the two concepts, which makes it difficult to have clarity for the advance of research, and criticism towards both constructs (business case, self-fulfilling prophecy, invisibility of stakeholders, and reproduction of the capitalist paradigm of production and consumption), stand out as results. Future research perspectives are related to the deepening of each construct separately, the incorporation of other theories and disciplines into the analysis, and the integration of nonmainstream ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is two fold: First, an analysis of the direct effect of ownership structure and boards of directors on insider trading. Secondly, we examine the possible moderating effect the concentration of ownership has on the disciplinary role of boards in preventing this market practice. The results of the multiple regression and hierarchical multiple regression show the negative effect of both concentration of property and the portion of independent directors on insider trading. Regarding the moderating effect, there is evidence that the controlling roles on the boards are influenced by the concentration of property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the different dimensions of women's empowerment that can arise during the entrepreneurial process. It considers the changes in these dimensions as women advance in the development of their new ventures, differentiating characteristics according to the context (urban or rural). Another contribution refers to which empowerment factors developed by female entrepreneurs are key to reducing poverty. The proposal develops a multiple correspondence analysis and an ordered probit model, with data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Colombia. The results make it possible to identify what is needed to strengthen the empowerment of women through entrepreneurship, and the resources available for this. Furthermore, the relationship found between economic empowerment factors and family income provides evidence for the importance of empowerment for poverty reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the concept of human quality and deep human quality which, according to Catalan epistemologist Marià Corbí, expresses what was previously called spirituality. Deep human quality is a constitutive dimension of the human being, an anthropological fact that does not depend on religions. The text shows, in consonance with the axiological epistemology theory elaborated by Corbí, that spirituality is associated with ways of knowing that date back to pre-industrial period anthropologies. The wisdom traditions were born and constituted from a pattern that is no longer recognized in modern knowledge societies. The way of proceeding and acting in pre-industrial societies with all their cultural creations is framed by the idea of submission. In other words, deep human quality has to do with free inquiry and is therefore associated with modern knowledge societies, incompatible with beliefs, orthodoxies, and homogeneity. It demonstrates the role of speech and its function of grasping the relative dimension to our needs and another dimension not limited to our needs, i.e., the absolute dimension. As unfounded beings, the condition of speakers allows human beings to create their collective axiological projects, full of meanings of reality, values, interpretation of the world, and forms of survival. Speech, in this context, is a consequence of the human need for survival, a biological event, which allows the human-animal to develop its communication system without modifying its genetic programming or its morphology. Finally, the paper discusses the circumstances of deep human quality development in modern knowledge societies. Deep human quality, for Corbí, is usually defined by unconditional interest, distancing, silencing, and by free inquiry, community, and service. All-access to the absolute dimension as well as the cultivation of the deep human quality passes through unconditional interest, distancing and silencing, and free inquiry, community, and service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper attempts to call attention to the notorious influence that the work of the Spanish nun sor María de Jesús de Ágreda (1602-1665) exerted over the work of sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648-1695), particularly over the Primero Sueño. Through the work of sor María, especially in her book Mística Ciudad de Dios, a bond can be stablished between the master piece of the Mexican nun and one of her minor and less known texts: Ejerciciosde la Encarnación. In the texts above, there is an element in common: The soul of a woman is favored with a vision of totality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the ethical foundations of a universal, individual and unconditional basic income, and its transformative potential in the world of work and social policy. Guaranteeing a right to existence, as the materialization of a normative ideal of real freedom, implies overcoming the contributory principle and promoting a situation of full voluntary employment. The combination of both aspects could lead to the emergence of a socioeconomic order that transcends the compensatory connotations of contemporary social policy and goes beyond the scope of the conservative, liberal and social democratic models of the welfare state. The paper presents the discussions around basic income in the field of the theories of justice as distribution, analyzes the idea of "work as an asset" and shows the myths that support the validity of the contributory principle. Throughout these reflections, the main criticisms of basic income from liberal, trade union, feminist, communist and republican perspectives will also be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to approach the theory and practice of neoliberalism from a Political Discourse Analysis perspective. In the first part, it analyzes the main debates and controversies surrounding the theoretical, ontological and axiological characteristics of neoliberalism, and its applications at the state level. In the second part, he examines the methodological problems of rigorously investigating the phenomenon of neoliberalism, which are linked to the ambiguous and pragmatic character of the neoliberal theoretical body, the various stages, rhythms, degrees of depth and intensities of state neoliberalization, and the tensions and contradictions between neoliberal theory and its historical applications. In the last part, it offers a complex conceptualization and proposes some analytical operations to contribute to investigate neoliberalism and its ontic uses at the state level, through the tools of Political Discourse theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with financialization, a concept that critically describes the rise and expansion of financial capital in the economy and its social and political implications. Seen from the perspective of financialization, the Colombian pension system of Law 100 of 1993 (Congress of the Republic of Colombia, 1993) illustrates the expansion of financial capital in emerging or peripheral economies, highlighting the inferior and subordinate status of these countries with respect to the more developed economies. In these countries, the adoption of private pension funds goes hand in hand with financial liberalization and the search to expand their capital markets. Moreover, pension systems have never been far removed from economic structures; they have been created and developed within them. In Colombia, as a country whose industry did not fully awaken, the necessary conditions for the most guaranteeing pension models could not be met. Although the current Colombian model is not purely controlled by private funds, the link between these funds and the financial players is so strong that there is still unresolved tension around the complete privatization of the system. In addition, the institutional formula through which it is evident that this is a financialized system is the so-called multi-fund pension scheme. Thus, under the magnifying glass of the financialization that has governed the current pension system and its most recent changes, we can also read the announcements and reform proposals put forward by the government, unions and think tanks at the end of neoliberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies suggest that DDR programmes do not strengthen peace after negotiations or treaties. This research argues that the various components of DDR can have different impacts on the failure of peace. This paper examines the implications of the DDR provision in internal armed conflict negotiation for preventing the recurrence of war. This research addresses the following question: Does a DDR provision, in internal armed conflict settlements, prevent the recurrence of war in the post-conflict scenario? Using an original database that records 102 peace negotiation processes during the period 1975 to 2012, I demonstrate that peace is more likely to be achieved when the peace agreement includes a DDR provision, especially the reintegration process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains why Chile's foreign policy, since the return to democracy in 1990, maintained and deepened the economicist character established during the authoritarian predecessor regime. It is argued that, in addition to structural factors linked to globalization, neoliberalism and interdependence, there are domestic elements linked to the transition and its political dynamics that had an impact on the actors that shaped it. Despite being a case study, the article emphasizes the general debate on the mutual constitution between agents and structures to explain foreign policy, considering the role of the actors in a framework of external and domestic transformations. To this end, the case of former members of the Joint Study Program on Latin American International Relations (RIAL), academics who, after the return to democracy, assumed political positions, is analyzed. The renewal of the ideas of these actors, who assumed the new international practices and accepted the domestic political dynamics, contributed to the continuity of the economic pragmatism of foreign policy initiated by the dictatorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the issue of boundaries in the broader discussion about material composition. According to nihilism, two or more objects can never compose a further one. In this view, ordinary material objects and their boundaries (surfaces) would be fiat entities, while simple objects (partless) and their sharp boundaries are the only bona fide components of the world. However, if there are reasons to postulate the existence of a bona fide boundary that separates a collection of objects from their spatial surroundings, then there are reasons to postulate the existence of a bona fide composite object too. If there exists a boundary, given its ontological dependence, there must exist an object it belongs to. The emergence of a boundary of a three-dimensional material object instantiates properties which are irreducible to the properties of their parts. Nonetheless, once that boundaries are introduced in the world, the presence of the ontological vagueness in modal terms becomes unavoidable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to clarifying Deleuze's theory of the Idea by a commentary on its technical definition: "a defined, continuous, n-dimensional multiplicity", presented in chapter IV of Difference and Repetition (1968). This definition implicitly intertwines Deleuze's own metaphysical view of the Idea as a virtual problem with a series of notions taken from the differential geometry developed by the German mathematician Georg B. Riemann. To clarify this influence, we will reconstruct the fundamental elements of the Riemannian notions used by Deleuze, and show how these elements are presupposed in Deleuze's concept of Idea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the conquerors arrived in the Valley of Mexico, they were amazed at the creations of the culture inherited from the Toltec tradition. With the prurpose of acknowledging this culture, this paper points out that words such as truth, thinking, and doubt have a very different connotation in modern European philosophy, to the Anahuac culture, which flourished in the Valley of Mexico between the 9th and 16th centuries. This writing presents a comparison of the process to obtain true knowledge according to the rationality of the Nahua world of the 16th century and three authors of European modernity: Descartes, Kant and Hegel. Modernity is found to present a dominant and egocentric subject with self-referential thinking. In the Nahua culture the ideal is the man with a "heart of stone" and a "wise face" who seeks what is true, what has roots, and expresses it through poetry, "the flower and the song". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we provide some keys for understanding the cryptic essay "Karl Kraus" by Walter Benjamin. For this purpose, we highlight Kraus's importance for the journalistic and political criticism that Benjamin was interested in, we introduce the reader to the three parts of the essay and we make a brief reflection on the construction of the concept of critique in Benjamin based on the work of Kraus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose a representation of a fragment of Thompson's statistical syllogistic by using Sommers's term logic. The result is a terministic interpretation of statistical syllogistic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of event is shown as fundamental in contemporary philosophy, but it opens up a problematic field as well. The purpose of this paper is to clarify and discuss the main characteristics of the notion of event, anchored in Heidegger's theoretical stance, and to develop the difficulties that this notion entails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advances the analysis of the concept of Umwelt in Jakob von Uexküll's work, by examining its different formulations, and highlighting the successive redefinitions of its two components: the perception world (Merkwelt) and the effect world (Wirkungswelt, Wirkwelt). Considering the significant impact that the concept of Umwelt had on continental philosophy, the purpose of this study is to reconstruct its meaning through a historical-conceptual analysis, to illuminate some aspects that are not usually thematized in literature--in particular, those related to the effect world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article exposes how Colombian constitutional historicism or traditionalism has been marked by hyper-presidentialism. Although the 1991 Constitution imposed a moderate presidentialism as an alternative to the historicism, hyper-presidentialism returned through constitutional reforms and traditional political practices, especially in the Uribe [2002-2010] and Santos [2010-2018] government mandates. Such accumulation of power in President Santos, organized by several previous governments, allowed him to advance a peace process with the FARC guerrilla against many sectors that have rejected a negotiated solution to the armed conflict. Nevertheless, this paper asks if it is worth betting on accumulating so much power in one person, even though in this case served laudable ends from a pacifist perspective, given that the risks of hyper-presidentialism are very elevated for a republican democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper have by object to clarify the dilemma related with the exploitation monopoly created by pharmaceutical invention patents, which, while incentive the innovation, in turn, represent obstacles to accessing essential medicines, as a patented thing, and therefore, it will be sold at high costs in the market. This affects the enjoyment of the right to health of patients, because it´s products with a few elasticity or near substitutes, and while the patent be valid; No other competitor can carry out, without the authorization of the owner, the acts mentioned in Article 28 of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]