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International migration has emerged, in contemporary European societies, as an area of concern for control and governmentality processes, by means of its definition as a "social problem" that must be addressed by public organisms. Different laws, regulations, discourses, plans and intervention processes emerge from the need to manage these populations, generating as main effect the reproduction and solidification of power relations in host societies. Departing from different researches developed in the field of services provided to immigrant women in Spain, we propose to analise the ways in which governmentality mechanisms contribute to construct a subject that is understood as an "Other problematic and needing" that requires attention to achieve proper social integration. These mechanisms contribute to justify the urge for this population to adapt to a context of legal, social and cultural inequality that results unquestioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homonationalism is a conceptual framework that allows to understand how the struggle for LGTB rights is being assimilated by national exceptionalism in order to constitute a geopolitical colonial differentiation. It builds equivalences between homosexual and national subject positions that allows the differentiation of subject positions and populations within the country and between countries, justifying policies based on the differentiation of human rights development. This phenomenon has been applied to the US and its theoretical development is being spreading throughout the world. In light of recent developments both in terms of national identity and LGTB legal rights, Catalonia could be susceptible of an exceptionalism that could lead to homonationalist discourses. This paper explores the homonationalist discourse in Catalonia using narratives from LGTBI activists. Participants identify a homonationalist discourse and recognise the presence of homo-normativity questioned by the activist. Nevertheless, a homonationalist geopolitical hierarchy is not appreciated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between violence and masculinity warrants special attention in intervention work with men who inflict violence against their partners. In this article we sought to explore this connection drawing upon the metaphor of 'being like a bull' used by a member of a group of men held in Spain. We reflected on the patriarchal system that legitimises the constant proof expected of the 'bull', of its masculinity in an 'arena' made up of an audience of spectators who reflect the traditional male image. In conclusion, we highlighted the importance of psychosocial interventions in this sector with a more committed political/policy and gender perspective, focusing on cultural and macro-social aspects in interventions with those who inflict violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial preferences that are expressed explicitly may lack information and be lacking in character, either because people prefer not to express their attitudes wholly, or because they are not completely aware of them. The Implicit Association Test (IAT), developed by Greenwald, Banaji and Nosek, evaluates the implicit preference of people through an internet platform. It demonstrates that when a person shows a preference in particular, it is possible that said attitude has a component that may not be conscious that could be modified. Sample was comprised of 235 subjects that, through the IAT internet website, completed the race implicit preference task (black and white). Results indicate that there is an explicit preference towards white people over black people, and that implicit preference is of stronger intensity than explicit preference, in the same sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brutal economic depression in which post-Civil War Spain sank pushed many women to resort to prostitution as their only means of subsistence. The pro-Franco authorities had annulled the republican abolitionist decree and sexual commerce was again tolerated. Nevertheless, the uncontrolled height of prostitution compelled the authorities to react and special jails for “misled" women were created. We analyze the publications of this postwar period related to the psychology of prostitution by three individuals working in key institutions at the time: Antonio Vallejo Nágera (University of Madrid, National Health Council), Eduardo Martinez Martinez (Penitentiary for Women Psychiatric Clinic) and Francisco J. Echalecu y Canino (Patronage for the Protection of Women). The publications by these three authors and their investigations on Spanish prostitutes led them to characterize these women as innate chronic sexual psychopaths, with mental deficiency and amorality. This diagnosis was used to justify their confinement for reform in special jails for “fallen" women. In this way, the publications by Vallejo, Martinez and Echalecu y Canino were instrumental to justify the establishment of these special jails. The conceptual frame of the biopsychology of German inspiration was used to service the social project of the pro-Franco biopolitics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a critical discourse analysis, the theory of social mediation and political economy of communication, the theoretical foundations, methodological route and the main findings of a doctoral research work are described in this article. The objective is to analyze the conceptual and referential map with which a concept is being developed and has appeared in recent years to define a broader phenomenon, yet ambiguous, such as the digital divide; which is also part of discursive threads related to the inclusion of ICT, Information and Communication Technologies. The identification of the linguistic set of structures found in the discourses analyzed has been focused on the recognition of systems of knowledge that can be seen in the various expressions about social phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical memory has become a really relevant topic in Spanish media and politics, particularly since the adoption in the Congress of Deputies of the law 52 of 2007, "by which rights are recognized and extended and there are measures established to benefit those who suffered persecution or violence during the civil war and dictatorship. " In this study we reflect on how the media propose a public debate on Francoism and the Spanish transition. We used 32 focus groups and analyzed how the media historization of the dictatorship and its socio-political legacy is assimilated in the social discourses of the audience. That is how we examined the mediated memory, the one that is built on the collective process in which historical events are negotiated. We also found empirically eight types of ideal memories in Spain, those whose memories are influenced by the sociopolitical environment, the generation and the degree of politicization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's associations have developed significantly in rural Andalucía. Here we analyze their scope and characteristics in the province of Granada, we examine their objectives and activities, as well as the profiles and motivations of their partners. The research is based on a survey administered to representatives of these associations along with focus groups. These partnerships constitute a consolidated local actor, a guide able to channel diverse interests and collective actions, which operates as participation hubs and that promotes empowerment of rural women. They also constitute an important source of welfare, mutual support and social capital that compensates the scarce resources of the population involved. However, financial and structural barriers as well as problems getting used to the new technologies limit their operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consistent with current emotion theory, we should note that contempt is not a homogeneous category but rather shows intracategorial variability. Previous research on Spanish samples shows a communicative structure in which contempt is felt towards intimate, social or abstract receivers, for reciprocal, altruistic or prejudiced reasons. Our objective was to test, on a large and heterogeneous sample, the previously found structure and variations of the experience of contempt as well as its spontaneous facial expression. Testing the association of contempt varieties with certain subject attributes was a secondary goal. Results from 130 participants from the Spanish general population corroborated the previously found structure and varieties, as well as the associations between contempt receiver and attribution. No relation was found with sex, age or emotion recognition ability. As to spontaneous facial expression, disgust was more often expressed by those who narrated their personal episodes of contempt for reciprocal reasons, and was less often expressed by the people who described prejudiced scenarios. This result indicates that the conventionally considered facial expression of contempt is not the only one, as already stated by Darwin, and should not be considered as such by experimental and psychometric procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the educational level with the perceived emotional well-being and the mental health of the Spanish population. In a total of 29,478 adults, participating in the Spanish National Health Survey 2006, we found that low education level is related with poor mental health (OR 1.65 in men and OR 2.36 in women), poor or very poor self-perceived health (OR 2.10 OR 2.53 for men and women), less social support (OR 1.31 OR 1.66 for men and women) and inactivity (OR 2.09 OR 1.80 for men and women). In the Spanish population the educational level is an associated factor related with different health dimensions and to the subjective well-being and mental health perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this paper is to analyse changes in the collective imaginary regarding Spanish rurality from 1940 to the present. For this purpose a historical-sociological methodology was used that allows for the differentiation of three different phases in the evolution of this imaginary. These phases are: 1) conservative mystification of rurality; 2) contempt and disdain for rural life; 3) current tendencies towards the revalorisation of rural areas, which came about simultaneously with growing consideration for rural areas as places for leisure and tourism. The study of these transformations shows that the Spanish collective imaginary on rurality is not intrinsic and indifferent to time and context, but the product of a social construction in constant social and historical change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

¿Does tv today offer its audiences what they want to see or rather it offers the products considered most profitable? ¿Should we resort to ethics in order for them to offer quality products? Mass media is in the hands of huge communication groups which in turn have their own political and ideological bonds, and the fight among them in order to get the attention of the audience is tv's driving force. Nowadays, rather than speaking of 'information society' we need to speak of an "entertainment society". Power is not so much the power of doing, i.e. political power, but rather the power of telling, the power to narrate, the power of the media. Content is trivialized in the quest for discursive values that reach the biggest number of viewers, a quest which implies violating the fundamental rights of many other viewers. A population capable of manifesting a critical stand is less manipulable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between purpose in life and hopelessness in a sample of 302 subjects. Hypothesis declare that booth variables are significant, negative, associated. Purpose In Life Test (PIL; Crumbaugh & Maholick, 1969) and Hopelessness Scale (HS; Beck, Weissman, Lester & Trexler, 1974) are used. Statistical used are Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's rho coefficient. Results (r= -0.550, p= 0.000; rs= -0.502, p= 0.000) support hypothesis: purpose in life is negatively associated to hopelessness. High level of purpose in life involve less hopelessness, and existential vacuum is associated to high level of hopelessness, statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish Government's sure bet for e-Government has been one of transparency since the 11/2007 Bill of Citizen's e-access to Public Services was passed on June 22nd. The addition of ict to the relationship between citizens and Administration will, beyond any doubt, bring about changes of paramount importance at all levels; national, regional and local. This paper engages in the analysis of such Bill, and similar initiatives, both national and within the frame of the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work propounds a thorough analysis of the printed press coverage of the evictions of Barcelona squatters, better known as "okupas", which took place between December 2006 and January 2007. The dailies herein used were: Metro Directe, Diario ADN, 20 MIN Barcelona, and Qué Barcelona in tabloid format. Our interest was stimulated by the frequency with which the problem was approached, by the people who participated —among them the "Mossos d'esquadra" and the Catalonian police force—, by the interest shown by the city's policy makers on housing and cultural issues, as well as by the very popular concern for the squats. We even got in touch with the "okupas" themselves, and visited the Casa Miles de Viviendas, where on November 15, 2006, Universitat Pirata was created, but did not reach the news till February 7, 2007, via the 20 MIN Barcelona paper, with a feature titled "Obren al La Barceloneta una universitat 'okupa'", with the by-line F. CEDÓ. The issue of the "okupas" is part of a bigger problem, that of the use of urban space in a city that claims world status and serves as a customary reference, at least in Europe. We also examine how the printed discourse of the daily free publications gradually constructs a particular topic for a particular public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]