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This paper presents a theoretical-methodological proposal to research movements and the state based on the associations they establish. It is grounded in three investigations: the first one about the transformations of the Landless People's Movement (LPM) of South Africa, the second about interactions between Brazilian rural movements and the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (Incra); the third focuses on the transnational ties of the National Confederation of Agricultural Workers (Contag). The main effect of the article is an ontological definition of movements and the state as collectives whose existence is defined by continuous assemblages of heterogeneous and unstable elements. Since it is not possible to take them as enclosed analytical units, it is up to the research to observe continuous constructions of groups and collectives which are contingent and contextual. Researchers will often follow these processes before their public expression. The proposal is to understand which elements allow things to take the courses we normally observe and analyze. It is also suggested the methodological use of controversies as analytical categories and the observation of the processes in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the recent literature in the field of social sciences in which the term "South" is regarded as a theoretical, methodological or epistemological alternative to the colonial effects of our disciplines. Analysing the books of Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Reawyn Connell and Jean and John Comaroff it seeks to point out some of their fragilities and possible alternative paths for a sociology beyond the Euro-American tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]