1. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase: signalling in development and disease
- Author
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Emma Vernersson, Ruth H. Palmer, Caroline Grabbe, and Bengt Hallberg
- Subjects
Lung Neoplasms ,Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ,Review Article ,Biochemistry ,midkine ,Receptor tyrosine kinase ,Cdc42, cell division cycle 42 ,inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) ,TGFβ, transforming growth factor β ,Anaplastic lymphoma kinase ,Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase ,RPTP, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase ,Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma ,Jeb, jelly belly ,TPM, tropomyosin ,SCD-2, suppressor of constitutive dauer 2 ,Kinase ,STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription ,FRS2, fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 ,IR, insulin receptor ,RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase ,JAK, Janus kinase ,Nucleophosmin ,MAM, meprin, A5 protein and receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase mu ,mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin ,ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase ,HEK, human embryonic kidney ,PLCγ, phospholipase Cγ ,MSN, moesin ,Humans ,Dpp, decapentaplegic ,Molecular Biology ,CML, chronic myeloid leukaemia ,LTK, leucocyte tyrosine kinase ,NPM, nucleophosmin ,ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase ,UCN-01, unco-ordinated 1 ,Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,medicine.disease ,anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) ,DRG, dorsal root ganglia ,Insulin receptor ,MYH9, non-muscle myosin heavy chain ,MEK, MAPK/ERK kinase ,MK, midkine ,GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumour ,IMT, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour ,LDLa, low-density lipoprotein class A ,PTN, pleiotrophin ,MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase ,SCC, squamous cell carcinoma ,Shp1, SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 ,Neuroblastoma ,FOXO3a, forkhead box O 3a ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,ATIC, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase ,SHH, sonic hedghog ,biology ,extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) ,NIPA, nuclear interacting partner of ALK ,Nuclear Proteins ,C/EBPβ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β ,Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,TFG, TRK-fused gene ,Shc, Src homology and collagen homology ,RANBP2, Ran-binding protein 2 ,JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase ,CARS, cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase ,SEC31L1, SEC31 homologue A ,Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ,Hen-1, hesitation-1 ,Signal transduction ,NF-κB, nuclear factor κB ,DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ,PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase ,SH2, Src homology 2 ,Signal Transduction ,PKB, protein kinase B ,CNS, central nervous system ,Models, Biological ,CLTC, clathrin heavy chain ,NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer ,medicine ,ALCL, anaplastic large cell lymphoma ,IRS-1, IR substrate-1 ,BCR-Abl, breakpoint cluster region-Abl ,EML4, echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 4 ,Grb2, growthfactor-receptor-bound protein 2 ,IL-3, interleukin-3 ,Cancer ,Cell Biology ,EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor ,non-small cell lung cancer (NSLCL) ,anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) ,dALK, Drosophila ALK ,ALO17, ALK lymphoma oligomerization partner on chromosome 17 ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,pleiotrophin ,MUC-1, mucin-1 - Abstract
RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases) play important roles in cellular proliferation and differentiation. In addition, RTKs reveal oncogenic potential when their kinase activities are constitutively enhanced by point mutation, amplification or rearrangement of the corresponding genes. The ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) RTK was originally identified as a member of the insulin receptor subfamily of RTKs that acquires transforming capability when truncated and fused to NPM (nucleophosmin) in the t(2;5) chromosomal rearrangement associated with ALCL (anaplastic large cell lymphoma). To date, many chromosomal rearrangements leading to enhanced ALK activity have been described and are implicated in a number of cancer types. Recent reports of the EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 4)–ALK oncoprotein in NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer), together with the identification of activating point mutations in neuroblastoma, have highlighted ALK as a significant player and target for drug development in cancer. In the present review we address the role of ALK in development and disease and discuss implications for the future.
- Published
- 2009