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AIM: To explore the changes and significance in JIA-U and to detect the levels of CDld(hi)CD5+CD19+ regulatory B cells(Breg)in the peripheral blood of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis(JIA-U).METHODS: From April 2018 to May 2020, 95 children with JIA-U were selected as JIA-U group; 70 children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis(JIA)were selected as JIA group, and all of them were diagnosed and treated in our hospital; another 75 healthy children in the same period were selected as the control group. The ratio of CDld(hi)CD5+CD19+Breg in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry; the level of IL-10 in peripheral blood was detected by ELISA; the correlation between CDld(hi)CD5+CD19+Breg ratio and the expression of IL-10, the severity of JIA-U patients was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient method; the influencing factors of JIA-U were analyzed by Logistic regression. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the proportion of CDld(hi)CD5+CD19+Breg in peripheral blood of children in JIA group and JIA-U group was significantly lower(all P