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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new endogenous small non-coding RNA family that arranges expression of a few genes related in normal development as well as human diseases such as cancer. miRNAs are developing as potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers with deregulated expression in various cancers including lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to find out miRNA expression profiles and to show the relationship between non-small cell lung cancer and microRNAs levels, if there is. In the present study, the expression profiles of 740 miRNA in plasma from 31 patients and 64 healthy subjects were evaluated using high-throughput real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. All statistical analyses were performed using the Biogazelle's qbase PLUS 2.0 software. Our results showed that expression levels of 7 microRNAs (miR-20b-5p, -30c, -146a, -192-5p, - 206, -484, -574-3p) were significantly upregulated in patients when compared to control group (p< 0.05). Expression levels of five miRNAs (miR-24-3p, - 30a-5p, -106b-5p, -223-3p, -331-5p) were found significantly downregulated in lung cancer patients (p< 00.5). Conclusion: In conclusion, our result showed that up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs may be important role of early detection in non-small cell lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey is among the richest countries in terms of biodiversity because of having different ecologies and climatic characteristics. Turkey's flora consists of approximately 12000 plant species (vascular plants). Geophytes create an important part of the floristic richness of Turkey. Geophytes are considered as ornamental plants in landscape design and they are used in many areas such as beds, border, rock garden, lawn areas etc. The use of these plants in the design can be increased to ensure the continuity of natural species. it was aimed to make a selection of the natural geophytes of Kocaeli province and continuity of visuality. Color is an important characteristic which increases the visual value of the plant. Colors affect human physiology and emotions. A strong visual effect can be created with geophytes flowers. In this study, geophytes in Kocaeli flora have been analyzed and these which are possible to be used in landscape design and practices have been chosen. The geophytes in Kocaeli, have been found to be rich in terms of taxa. It has been determined that 114 geophytes belonging to 13 families exist in Kocaeli flora. It has been determined that a large part of the geophytes have white flowers (18.42%) and it follows yellow (15.79%), purple (12.28%), pink (11.40%) respectively and other colors. In addition to the flower colors, the color effects were also revealed in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey has a rather important place for flora or botanic tourism with its plant diversity resources and there has been a substantial rise in the number of activities realized within this scope in recent years. Within this scope, it is extremely important to elaborate on these resource areas included within the geography of our country for flora tourism activities and reveal their potentials in terms of sustainability. In this study, the Beskayalar and Ballikayalar Natural Parks included within the protected area system of our country were examined and their woody plant potentials tried to be revealed within the scope of the flora tourism values. The obtained results indicated that both natural parks were satisfactorily good for the flora or botanic tourism activities thanks to the presence of woody taxon, but there was more taxon diversity in the Beskayalar natural park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]