1. Prevalence of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections among Tuberculosis Suspects in Nigeria
- Author
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Samer S. El-Kamary, Gambo Aliyu, William A. Blattner, Clayton H. Brown, Laura L. Hungerford, Alash'le Abimiku, and Kathleen Tracy
- Subjects
Bacterial Diseases ,Male ,Pulmonology ,Epidemiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,HIV Infections ,Disease ,Comorbidity ,Global Health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:Science ,0303 health sciences ,Mycobacterium bovis ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Coinfection ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Public Health ,Seasons ,medicine.symptom ,Environmental Health ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Infectious Disease Control ,Clinical Research Design ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ,Nigeria ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Sputum ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,Immunology ,Respiratory Infections ,Multivariate Analysis ,Nontuberculous mycobacteria ,lcsh:Q ,Preventive Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background Nigeria is ranked in the top five countries for tuberculosis deaths worldwide. This study investigated the mycobacterial agents associated with presumptive clinical pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria and evaluated the pattern and frequency of mycobacterial infections over twelve calendar months period. Methods Sputum samples from 1,603 consecutive new cases with presumptive diagnosis of TB were collected from August 2010 to July 2011. All sputum samples were incubated for detection of mycobacterial growth and those with positive acid fast bacilli (AFB) growth were tested to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex and characterized to differentiate between MTB complex species. Cultures suggestive of Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (NTM) were sub-cultured and characterized. Results Of the 1,603 patients screened, 444 (28%) culture-positive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were identified. Of these, 375 (85%) were due to strains of MTB complex (354 cases of M. tuberculosis, 20 M. africanum and one case of M. bovis) and 69 (15%) were due to infection with NTM. In contrast to the MTB complex cases, the NTM cases were more likely to have been diagnosed during the calendar months of the Harmattan dust season (OR = 2.34, 1.28–4.29; p = 0.01), and aged older than 35 years (OR = 2.77, 1.52–5.02, p = 0.0007), but less likely to have AFB identified on their sputum smear (OR = 0.06, 0.02–0.14, p
- Published
- 2013