1. A Functional Characterisation of a Wide Range of Cover Crop Species: Growth and Nitrogen Acquisition Rates, Leaf Traits and Ecological Strategies
- Author
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Olivier Flores, Eric Justes, Hélène Tribouillois, Pablo Cruz, Raphaël Charles, Florian Fort, Eric Garnier, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute of Plant Production Sciences, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Arvalis-Institut du Vegetal, Midi-Pyrenees Region, UMR AGIR lab, INRA (Institut national de la recherche agronomique), ANR (Agence nationale de la recherche) (MicMac-design, Programme STRA), ANR-09-STRA-0006,MicMac Design,Conception et évaluation par expérimentation et modélisation de prototypes de systèmes de culture intégrés à bas niveaux d'intrants(2009), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Crops, Agricultural ,Specific leaf area ,Nitrogen ,Biodiversité et Ecologie ,media_common.quotation_subject ,plant trait ,lcsh:Medicine ,Ecological and Environmental Phenomena ,dry-matter content ,catch crop ,litter quality ,wild ,grassland ,root ,decomposability ,photosynthesis ,domestication ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Competition (biology) ,Biodiversity and Ecology ,Crop ,Green manure ,Poaceae ,lcsh:Science ,Cover crop ,Nitrogen cycle ,media_common ,2. Zero hunger ,Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,Biological Transport ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,15. Life on land ,Agricultural sciences ,Plant Leaves ,Agricultural soil science ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,lcsh:Q ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Sciences agricoles ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Research Article - Abstract
International audience; Cover crops can produce ecosystem services during the fallow period, as reducing nitrate leaching and producing green manure. Crop growth rate (CGR) and crop nitrogen acquisition rate (CNR) can be used as two indicators of the ability of cover crops to produce these services in agrosystems. We used leaf functional traits to characterise the growth strategies of 36 cover crops as an approach to assess their ability to grow and acquire N rapidly. We measured specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen content(LNC) and leaf area (LA) and we evaluated their relevance to characterise CGR and CNR. Cover crop species were positioned along the Leaf Economics Spectrum (LES), the SLALDMC plane, and the CSR triangle of plant strategies. LA was positively correlated with CGR and CNR, while LDMC was negatively correlated with CNR. All cover crops could be classified as resource-acquisitive species from their relative position on the LES and theSLA-LDMC plane. Most cover crops were located along the Competition/Ruderality axis in the CSR triangle. In particular, Brassicaceae species were classified as very competitive, which was consistent with their high CGR and CNR. Leaf functional traits, especially LA and LDMC, allowed to differentiate some cover crops strategies related to their ability to grow and acquire N. LDMC was lower and LNC was higher in cover crop than in wild species, pointing to an efficient acquisitive syndrome in the former, corresponding to the high resource availability found in agrosystems. Combining several leaf traits explained approximately half of the CGR and CNR variances, which might be considered insufficient to precisely characterise and rank cover crop species for agronomic purposes. We hypothesised that may be the consequence of domestication process, which has reduced the range of plant strategies and modified the leaf trait syndrome in cultivated species.
- Published
- 2015
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