1. Gene expression to mitochondrial metabolism: Variability among cultured Trypanosoma cruzi strains
- Author
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Sara L. Zimmer, Pamela K. Vu, Murat C. Kalem, and Evgeny S. Gerasimov
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Respiratory chain ,Gene Expression ,lcsh:Medicine ,Mitochondrion ,Biochemistry ,Glucose Metabolism ,Gene expression ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,lcsh:Science ,Energy-Producing Organelles ,Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ,Protozoans ,Genetics ,Regulation of gene expression ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Organic Compounds ,Monosaccharides ,Eukaryota ,Mitochondria ,Electrophysiology ,Chemistry ,Physical Sciences ,Thermodynamics ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Metabolic Pathways ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Research Article ,Trypanosoma ,Trypanosoma cruzi ,Carbohydrates ,Bioenergetics ,Membrane Potential ,03 medical and health sciences ,Species Specificity ,RNA, Messenger ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Organic Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,Metabolism ,biology.organism_classification ,Parasitic Protozoans ,Kinetics ,Metabolic pathway ,Glucose ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,lcsh:Q ,Extracellular Space - Abstract
The insect-transmitted protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi experiences changes in nutrient availability and rate of flux through different metabolic pathways across its life cycle. The species encompasses much genetic diversity of both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes among isolated strains. The genetic or expression variation of both genomes are likely to impact metabolic responses to environmental stimuli, and even steady state metabolic function, among strains. To begin formal characterization these differences, we compared aspects of metabolism between genetically similar strains CL Brener and Tulahuen with less similar Esmeraldo and Sylvio X10 strains in a culture environment. Epimastigotes of all strains took up glucose at similar rates. However, the degree of medium acidification that could be observed when glucose was absent from the medium varied by strain, indicating potential differences in excreted metabolic byproducts. Our main focus was differences related to electron transport chain function. We observed differences in ATP-coupled respiration and maximal respiratory capacity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial morphology between strains, despite the fact that abundances of two nuclear-encoded proteins of the electron transport chain are similar between strains. RNA sequencing reveals strain-specific differences in abundances of mRNAs encoding proteins of the respiratory chain but also other metabolic processes. From these differences in metabolism and mitochondrial phenotypes we have generated tentative models for the differential metabolic fluxes or differences in gene expression that may underlie these results.
- Published
- 2018