1. Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults with and without HIV in Western Kenya
- Author
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Jerusha Nyabiage Mogaka, Monisha Sharma, Tecla Temu, Sarah Masyuko, John Kinuthia, Alfred Osoti, Jerry Zifodya, Damalie Nakanjako, Anne Njoroge, Amos Otedo, Stephanie Page, and Carey Farquhar
- Subjects
RNA viruses ,Male ,Physiology ,Blood Pressure ,HIV Infections ,Cardiovascular Medicine ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Vascular Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Body Mass Index ,Medical Conditions ,Immunodeficiency Viruses ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Prevalence ,Public and Occupational Health ,Multidisciplinary ,Middle Aged ,Vaccination and Immunization ,Physiological Parameters ,Medical Microbiology ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Viral Pathogens ,Hypertension ,Viruses ,Medicine ,Female ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Adult ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Lipoproteins ,Science ,Immunology ,Cardiology ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,Microbiology ,Antiviral Therapy ,Retroviruses ,Humans ,Obesity ,Microbial Pathogens ,Lentivirus ,Body Weight ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,HIV ,Proteins ,Physical Activity ,Cardiovascular Disease Risk ,Kenya ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Case-Control Studies ,Preventive Medicine - Abstract
Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa with untreated hypertension being a major contributing factor. Understanding the magnitude of the problem and risk factors associated with HIV and long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critically important for designing effective programs for diagnosing and treating hypertension in Kenya. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 300 persons with HIV (PWH) on long term ART (≥6 months) and 298 HIV-negative adults seeking care at the Kisumu County Hospital between September 2017 and May 2018. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure of ≥140/90mmHg or a previous hypertension diagnosis. Multivariate regression was used to assess the association between hypertension and HIV adjusting for age, sex, and known CVD risk factors. Results Overall prevalence of hypertension was 22%. PWH had a lower prevalence of hypertension than HIV-negative persons (16% vs 27% respectively; p40 years, body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 and low-density lipoproteins ≥130mg/dL. Among PWH, being older than 40 years and higher BMI >30 kg/m2 were associated with hypertension. Conclusion Prevalence of hypertension was high, affecting nearly one in every 4 adults, and associated with older age, higher BMI and high low-density lipoproteins. PWH on long-term ART had significantly lower prevalence of hypertension compared to HIV-negative individuals, potentially due to increased access to healthcare services and interaction with prevention messaging. Interventions to increase screening for and prevention of hypertension in the community for all adults are warranted.
- Published
- 2022