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Start Over Author "Ward, P" Publisher public library of science (plos)
6 results on '"Ward, P"'

1. Testing and healthcare seeking behavior preceding HIV diagnosis among migrant and non-migrant individuals living in the Netherlands: Directions for early-case finding

Author

Ward P. H. van Bilsen, Janneke P. Bil, Jan M. Prins, Kees Brinkman, Eliane Leyten, Ard van Sighem, Maarten Bedert, Udi Davidovich, Fiona Burns, and Maria Prins

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Objectives To assess differences in socio-demographics, HIV testing and healthcare seeking behavior between individuals diagnosed late and those diagnosed early after HIV-acquisition. Design Cross-sectional study among recently HIV-diagnosed migrant and non-migrant individuals living in the Netherlands. Methods Participants self-completed a questionnaire on socio-demographics, HIV-testing and healthcare seeking behavior preceding HIV diagnosis between 2013–2015. Using multivariable logistic regression, socio-demographic determinants of late diagnosis were explored. Variables on HIV-infection, testing and access to care preceding HIV diagnosis were compared between those diagnosed early and those diagnosed late using descriptive statistics. Results We included 143 individuals with early and 101 with late diagnosis, of whom respectively 59/143 (41%) and 54/101 (53%) were migrants. Late diagnosis was significantly associated with older age and being heterosexual. Before HIV diagnosis, 89% of those with early and 62% of those with late diagnosis had ever been tested for HIV-infection (pConclusion A large proportion of people diagnosed late had previously tested for HIV and had high levels of healthcare usage. For earlier-case finding of HIV it therefore seems feasible to successfully roll out interventions within the existing healthcare system. Simultaneously, efforts should be made to encourage future repeated or routine HIV testing among individuals whenever they undergo an HIV test.

Published
2022

2. Testing and healthcare seeking behavior preceding HIV diagnosis among migrant and non-migrant individuals living in the Netherlands: Directions for early-case finding

Author

van Bilsen, Ward P. H., primary, Bil, Janneke P., additional, Prins, Jan M., additional, Brinkman, Kees, additional, Leyten, Eliane, additional, van Sighem, Ard, additional, Bedert, Maarten, additional, Davidovich, Udi, additional, Burns, Fiona, additional, and Prins, Maria, additional

Published
2022
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3. Pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in the Amsterdam Cohort Studies: Use, eligibility, and intention to use

Author

Amy Matser, Udi Davidovich, Ward P H van Bilsen, Maria Prins, Janneke P Bil, Elske Hoornenborg, Liza Coyer, APH - Global Health, AII - Infectious diseases, Graduate School, APH - Methodology, and Infectious diseases

Subjects
RNA viruses, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, Intention to use, Intention, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Logistic regression, medicine.disease_cause, Men who have sex with men, Cohort Studies, Gonorrhea, Pre-exposure prophylaxis, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunodeficiency Viruses, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Public and Occupational Health, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, lcsh:Science, Generalized estimating equation, Netherlands, Multidisciplinary, HIV diagnosis and management, Middle Aged, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Research Design, Viral Pathogens, Viruses, Pathogens, Anatomy, Research Article, Cohort study, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, Urology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Men WHO Have Sex with Men, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Retroviruses, Humans, Homosexuality, Male, Microbial Pathogens, Prophylaxis, Genitourinary Infections, business.industry, Lentivirus, lcsh:R, Organisms, Rectum, Biology and Life Sciences, HIV, 030112 virology, Diagnostic medicine, Gastrointestinal Tract, People and Places, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Population Groupings, lcsh:Q, Preventive Medicine, business, Digestive System, Sexuality Groupings, Demography
Abstract

Objective Currently, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not covered by health insurance in the Netherlands. We examined time trends in use of PrEP, characteristics of PrEP users, PrEP eligibility and intention to use PrEP among HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) participating in the Amsterdam Cohort Studies (ACS). Design Prospective cohort study. Methods We used data from four 6-monthly questionnaire waves, collected between 2015–2017. PrEP use over time was examined in logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations. Using descriptive statistics, we compared PrEP users before first-time initiation to non-PrEP-users. We used national guidelines to assess PrEP eligibility. Results We included 687 MSM. Median age was 40 (IQR 33–47) years in 2015. Recent PrEP use was reported by 57/687 (8%) MSM. PrEP use increased over calendar time (P

Published
2018

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Author

Rittirsch, D, Flierl, M A, Day, D E, Nadeau, B A, Zetoune, F S, Sarma, J V, Werner, C M, Wanner, G A, Simmen, H P, Huber-Lang, M S, Ward, P A, Rittirsch, D, Flierl, M A, Day, D E, Nadeau, B A, Zetoune, F S, Sarma, J V, Werner, C M, Wanner, G A, Simmen, H P, Huber-Lang, M S, and Ward, P A

Abstract

Pathogen-pattern-recognition by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and pathogen clearance after immune complex formation via engagement with Fc receptors (FcRs) represent central mechanisms that trigger the immune and inflammatory responses. In the present study, a linkage between TLR4 and FcgammaR was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Most strikingly, in vitro activation of phagocytes by IgG immune complexes (IgGIC) resulted in an association of TLR4 with FcgammaRIII (CD16) based on co-immunoprecipitation analyses. Neutrophils and macrophages from TLR4 mutant (mut) mice were unresponsive to either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or IgGIC in vitro, as determined by cytokine production. This phenomenon was accompanied by the inability to phosphorylate tyrosine residues within immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) of the FcRgamma-subunit. To transfer these findings in vivo, two different models of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intratracheal administration of either LPS or IgGIC were employed. As expected, LPS-induced ALI was abolished in TLR4 mut and TLR4(-/-) mice. Unexpectedly, TLR4 mut and TLR4(-/-) mice were also resistant to development of ALI following IgGIC deposition in the lungs. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TLR4 and FcgammaRIII pathways are structurally and functionally connected at the receptor level and that TLR4 is indispensable for FcgammaRIII signaling via FcRgamma-subunit activation.

Published
2009

5. Upregulation of phagocyte-derived catecholamines augments the acute inflammatory response

Author

Flierl, M A, Rittirsch, D, Nadeau, B A, Sarma, J V, Day, D E, Lentsch, A B, Huber-Lang, M S, Ward, P A, Flierl, M A, Rittirsch, D, Nadeau, B A, Sarma, J V, Day, D E, Lentsch, A B, Huber-Lang, M S, and Ward, P A

Abstract

Following our recent report that phagocytic cells (neutrophils, PMNs, and macrophages) are newly discovered sources of catecholamines, we now show that both epinephrine and norepinephrine directly activate NFkappaB in macrophages, causing enhanced release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6). Both adrenal-intact (AD+) and adrenalectomized (ADX) rodents were used, because ADX animals had greatly enhanced catecholamine release from phagocytes, facilitating our efforts to understand the role of catecholamines released from phagocytes. Phagocytes isolated from adrenalectomized rats displayed enhanced expression of tyrosine-hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, two key enzymes for catecholamine production and exhibited higher baseline secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine. The effects of upregulation of phagocyte-derived catecholamines were investigated in two models of acute lung injury (ALI). Increased levels of phagocyte-derived catecholamines were associated with intensification of the acute inflammatory response, as assessed by increased plasma leak of albumin, enhanced myeloperoxidase content in lungs, augmented levels of proinflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and elevated expression of pulmonary ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In adrenalectomized rats, development of ALI was enhanced and related to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors engagement but not to involvement of mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid receptors. Collectively, these data demonstrate that catecholamines are potent inflammatory activators of macrophages, upregulating NFkappaB and further downstream cytokine production of these cells. In adrenalectomized animals, which have been used to further assess the role of catecholamines, there appears to be a compensatory increase in catecholamine generating enzymes and catecholamines in macrophages, resulting in amplification of the acute inflammatory response via engagement of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors.

Published
2009

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