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Your search keyword '"déterminisme génétique"' showing total 2 results
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2 results on '"déterminisme génétique"'

1. Fruit self-thinning: a trait to consider for genetic improvement of apple tree

Author

Marie José James, Evelyne Costes, Amina Khelifi Touhami, Charles-Eric Durel, François Laurens, Jean-Jacques Kelner, Sébastien Martinez, Jean-Marc Celton, Abdel Bechti, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Pépinières et Roseraies G. Delbard, department BAP (Plant Biology and Breeding), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitières [AGAP] (AFEF), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Costes, Evelyne

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Candidate gene, Heredity, Genetic Linkage, Ingénierie des aliments, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Plant Genetics, Trees, Contig Mapping, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, lcsh:Science, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, 2. Zero hunger, Vegetal Biology, auto-éclaircie, Multidisciplinary, biology, Biologie du développement, food and beverages, Agriculture, Genomics, Plants, Trait Locus, Development Biology, environnement, Agricultural sciences, rentabilité, Horticulture, Phenotypes, Phenotype, Inflorescence, Malus, Alimentation et Nutrition, Trait, Research Article, déterminisme génétique, Genotype, conduite de la plante, Quantitative Trait Loci, Apple tree, Crops, Quantitative trait locus, Genes, Plant, Fruits, Abscission, Xylem, Botany, Genetics, Food engineering, Food and Nutrition, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant breeding, Biology, Crosses, Genetic, arboriculture, Models, Genetic, Quantitative Traits, fungi, lcsh:R, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Sustainable Agriculture, Plant Breeding, Fruit, éclaircissage chimique, malus domestica borkh, lcsh:Q, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Sciences agricoles, Biologie végétale, Developmental Biology
Abstract

In apple (Malus x domestica Borkh), as in many fruiting crops, fruit maintenance vs abscission is a major criteria for production profitability. Growers routinely make use of chemical thinning agents to control total fruit load. However, serious threats for the environment lead to the demand for new apple cultivars with self-thinning properties. In this project, we studied the genetic determinism of this trait using a F1 progeny derived from the cross between the hybrid INRA X3263, assumed to possess the self-thinning trait, and the cultivar ‘Belre`ne’. Both counting and percentage variables were considered to capture the fruiting behaviour on different shoot types and over three consecutive years. Besides low to moderate but significant genetic effects, mixed models showed considerable effects of the year and the shoot type, as well as an interaction effect. Year effect resulted mainly from biennial fruiting. Eight Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) were detected on several linkage groups (LG), either independent or specific of the year of observation or the shoot type. The QTL with highest LOD value was located on the top third of LG10. The screening of three QTL zones for candidate genes revealed a list of transcription factors and genes involved in fruit nutrition, xylem differentiation, plant responses to starvation and organ abscission that open new avenues for further molecular investigations. The detailed phenotyping performed revealed the dependency between the self-thinning trait and the fruiting status of the trees. Despite a moderate genetic control of the self-thinning trait, QTL and candidate genes were identified which will need further analyses involving other progenies and molecular investigations.

Published
2014
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2. Genetic Determinism of Sensitivity to Corynespora cassiicola Exudates in Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

Author

Mouman Soumahoro, Marine Déon, Valérie Pujade-Renaud, Vincent Le Guen, Aurélien Masson, Mau Tuy Le, André Clément-Demange, Dinh Minh Tran, Anne Clément-Vidal, Dominique Garcia, Philippe Label, Rubber Research Institute of Vietnam, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Société des Caoutchoucs de Grand-Béréby, Rubber Research Institute of Vietman, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Société de Caoutchouc de Grand Béréby (SOGB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Leaves, Polymers, lcsh:Medicine, markers, Plant Science, para rubber (tree), rflp linkage, Toxicology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Electrolytes, Pathosystem, hevea brasiliensis, Medicine and Health Sciences, Electrochemistry, Toxins, lcsh:Science, education.field_of_study, Vegetal Biology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Plant Anatomy, maps, leaf fall disease, genêtic determinism, Phylogenetic Analysis, Chemistry, Phenotypes, Phenotype, Macromolecules, Elastomers, pathosystem, Physical Sciences, corynespora cassiicola, blight microcyclus-ulei, Research Article, Drug Research and Development, déterminisme génétique, Genotype, Materials by Structure, Quantitative Trait Loci, Materials Science, Toxic Agents, Population, effector-triggered susceptibility, nodorum-wheat, plant immune-system, resistance gene, quantitative traits, diversity, Quantitative trait locus, Research and Analysis Methods, arbre à caoutchouc, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Ascomycota, Botany, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Molecular Biology Techniques, Corynespora cassiicola, education, Molecular Biology, Alleles, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Plant Diseases, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques, Inoculation, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Polymer Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Corynespora, Toxicity Testing, Plant Leaves, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic marker, Hevea, lcsh:Q, Rubber, Hevea brasiliensis, Biologie végétale, Microsatellite Repeats, Cloning, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

An indirect phenotyping method was developed in order to estimate the susceptibility of rubber tree clonal varieties to Corynespora Leaf Fall (CLF) disease caused by the ascomycete Corynespora cassiicola. This method consists in quantifying the impact of fungal exudates on detached leaves by measuring the induced electrolyte leakage (EL%). The tested exudates were either crude culture filtrates from diverse C. cassiicola isolates or the purified cassiicolin (Cas1), a small secreted effector protein produced by the aggressive isolate CCP. The test was found to be quantitative, with the EL% response proportional to toxin concentration. For eight clones tested with two aggressive isolates, the EL% response to the filtrates positively correlated to the response induced by conidial inoculation. The toxicity test applied to 18 clones using 13 toxinic treatments evidenced an important variability among clones and treatments, with a significant additional clone x treatment interaction effect. A genetic linkage map was built using 306 microsatellite markers, from the F1 population of the PB260 x RRIM600 family. Phenotyping of the population for sensitivity to the purified Cas1 effector and to culture filtrates from seven C. cassiicola isolates revealed a polygenic determinism, with six QTL detected on five chromosomes and percentages of explained phenotypic variance varying from 11 to 17%. Two common QTL were identified for the CCP filtrate and the purified cassiicolin, suggesting that Cas1 may be the main effector of CCP filtrate toxicity. The CCP filtrate clearly contrasted with all other filtrates. The toxicity test based on Electrolyte Leakage Measurement offers the opportunity to assess the sensitivity of rubber genotypes to C. cassiicola exudates or purified effectors for genetic investigations and early selection, without risk of spreading the fungus in plantations. However, the power of this test for predicting field susceptibility of rubber clones to CLF will have to be further investigated.

Published
2016
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