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Background: After the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been an increase in hospitalization for lower respiratory infection secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), with greater complications. Associated extrapulmonary alterations, biventricular dysfunction, acute kidney injury, among others, have been found. The objective of this study was to analize the evolution and complications in hospitalized children with lower respiratory infection secondary to RSV after COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: All pediatric patients under 2 years of age admitted to the emergency department with RSV infection were included. Clinical characteristics, need for supplemental oxygen, use of amines, renal angina index, and requirement for renal replacement therapy were analyzed. Lung ultrasound was performed upon admission. Statistical analysis was carried out for the quantitative variables by means of mean and standard deviation, and qualitative variables by frequency and percentage. Differences in the distribution were evaluated with Fisher's exact distribution. Results: 45 patients with RSV infection were identified, 26.7% required invasive mechanical ventilation and 11.1% requiered peritoneal dialysis. Fatality was observed in four cases, three of these younger than 12 months with a LUS score > 7; contrasts with 90.2% of survivors with a score < 7 (p = 0.0004). Conclusions: An increase in the incidence of bronchiolitis after pandemic was observed, with more than half having moderate to severe symptoms and requiring supplemental oxygen support in all patients upon admission. Acute kidney injury is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung ultrasound is a bedside tool that allows the evaluation of pulmonary parenchymal involvement in pediatric patients through the lung ultrasound score (LUS). We aimed to evaluate a group of patients under 3 years of age with lower respiratory tract infections using LUS at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora. Methods: We included patients younger than 3 years admitted to the emergency department with lower respiratory tract infections. A lung ultrasound was performed within the first 24 h of admission to the emergency department and evaluated using LUS. We analyzed age, sex, etiology of infection, days of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, Downes scale, failure of mechanical ventilation on admission, and mortality. Descriptive analysis was performed with frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables and medians and interquartile intervals for quantitative variables. Differences in the distribution of LUS variables were evaluated with the Fishers' exact test and Student's t-test. Results: We included a total of 19 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 73.7% with bronchiolitis. Fifty percent of the cases scored 7 on the LUS, 91.7% were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and 53.8% required invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: The use of LUS in lower respiratory tract infections can predict the need for PICU admission, the use of invasive ventilatory support, and prolonged hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]