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The article deals with the study on the content of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and their association with insulin resistance in obese children. It was found that intestinal microflora in obese children is characterized by changes in the qualitative composition and increased metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora. A moderate increase of HOMA-IR is accompanied by elevated concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the content of which correlates with that of acetic, propionic acid and a decrease in the metabolic activity of intestinal microflora. The progression of insulin resistance is accompanied by a further increase in the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the level of HOMA-IR correlates with the level of propionic SCFA. Thus, modulation of SCFA content may be a promising way of therapeutic influence to correct insulin resistance and obesity in children.

Background. Today most of the scientists are studying the processes of hepatocyte damage under the influence of free fatty acids (FFA) in vitro conditions. Therefore, in vivo studies of the spectrum of FFA in liver pathologies of different genesis, including toxic ones, are of considerable interest. Materials and methods. Toxic liver damage was simulated by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 solution in olive oil into rats. The following groups were formed: control (healthy; n = 15); I — CCl4-induced liver damage without drug correction (n = 6); III — CCl4-induced liver damage + metadoxin (Liveria IC; n = 8); III — CCl4-induced liver damage + metabiotic (Hilac forte) (n = 7). For morphological assessment of steatosis and fibrosis we used three-color qualitative staining of liver samples by Mallory-Slinchenko. Quantitative content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in liver homoge­nate was determined by gas chromatography. Results. Evaluation of hepatobioptates in group I rats revealed tissue disorganization with macrovesicular steatosis in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, the formation of interparticle multiple fibrous septa and inflammatory cell infiltration. The use of metadoxin (group II) and metabiotic (group III) improved the morphological picture of the liver, which was damaged by CCl4. Total MUFA content increased significantly in 118 (p

У дослідженні були вивчені особливості змін факторів агресії та захисту у вмісті шлункового соку в 91 пацiєнта iз гастроезофагеальною рефлюксною хворобою (ГЕРХ) у поєднанні з дисфункцією сфінктера Одді. Визначали рН, концентрацію пепсину, глікопротеїнів, жовчних кислот, сіалових кислот, фукози, гексозамінів, рівень метаболітів оксиду азоту. Встановлено, що підвищення рівня метаболітів оксиду азоту та жовчних кислот у шлунковому соку призводить до посилення запальних процесів у слизовій оболонці шлунка незалежно від функціонального стану сфінктера Одді. Збільшення агресивних властивостей шлункового вмісту спостерігалось у пацієнтів із ГЕРХ як із гіпертонусом, так і гіпотонусом сфінктера Одді. Дефіцит та диспропорція факторів захисту в більшості хворих в усіх групах проявлялись у вигляді зменшення концентрації вуглеводних термінальних залишків глікопротеїнів відносно показників контрольної групи.

Background. Changes in the intestinal microbiome trigger the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adverse fluctuations in intestinal microbiota are associated with increased intestinal permeability, activation of mucosal and adaptive immunity, increase in production and intestinal absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The ratio of acetic, propionic, butyric acid is an important indicator of the integrity of the microbial community of the intestine. Thus, the study of the gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids production represents a very appealing approach to increasing our knowledge about the mechanisms leading to NAFLD in children. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the fecal short-chain fatty acids (fSCFA) content and the colonic microbiota composition in children with NAFLD. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 102 children was provided in the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology of the Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. According to the presence of obesity, transient elastography data and alanine aminotransferase levels the patients were divided into four groups: I group — children with simple hepatic steatosis (n = 24); II group — children with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 14); III group — children with obesity without steatosis (n = 48), IV group — children with normal weight (n = 16). Chromatographic study of fSCFA was conducted using gas chromatograph Chromatec-Crystal 5000. The microorganisms were identified using a microbiological study of the colon content. Diagnosis of NAFLD was established with FibroScan 502 Touch (Echosens, France) with the determination of the controlled attenuation parameter. Results. Significant changes in the spectrum of fSCFA were observed in children of the III group with acetic acid content increased by 4.8 times (р