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Background: Stuttering is an organic process utterance condition. This utterance condition is broken by prolongation of sounds and repetitions of part words and phrases. Speech constitution strategies facilitate the client to use a new way of oral communication in stutters. Objective: to determine the effects of prolongation of speech and syllable time speech on reduction of severity of stuttering in stuttering patients. Methods This Randomized clinical trial study design was conducted in National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Islamabad. A total of n=30 participants of both gender having developmental stuttering with age between 20-30 years were included in the study through purposive sampling. The n=30 participants were randomly divided in to Group A received prolonged speech protocol (PSP) and Group B received syllable time speech protocol. The data was collected using the Scale of rating severity of stuttering (SRSS) at baseline, after 6th weeks and after 12th weeks of training. The data was analyzed through SPSS-21. Results The mean age of the study participants was 22±2.05 years. The median number of sibling was 4(2), birth order 2.5(2) and age of onset was 4(1) years. With-in group analysis showed that the group received prolong speech protocol {F=25.24(2), p

Background: Hearing impairment is considered as one of the major contributor of drop in low self-esteem of adolescents. Children and adolescents with significant hearing loss have difficulties like communication and social skills in different aspects of their quality of life which later on lead to anxiety, depression and social isolation. Objective: To find out the impact of gender and degree of hearing loss in children and adolescents not using hearing aid. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Total participants were 551 selected between 9-15 years age , with mild and moderate degree of hearing loss with no history of using hearing aid. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used to measure the self-esteem level. The data was analysed through multiple linear regression testing SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 12.38±1.773 year. The degree of hearing loss and the gender were statistically significant predictor {F (df) =157.636(2,548), p