1. Mapping evidence of human adaptation to climate change
- Author
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Emily Baker, Gina Marie Maskell, Malcolm Araos, Lolita Shaila Safaee Chalkasra, Caitlin Grady, Souha Ouni, Rachel Bezner Kerr, Justice Issah Musah-Surugu, Matthew Jurjonas, Raquel Ruiz-Díaz, Julia B. Pazmino Murillo, Robbert Biesbroek, Lindsay C. Stringer, Deepal Doshi, Nikita Charles Hamilton, Stephanie L. Barr, Carys Richards, Kathryn Bowen, Greeshma Hedge, Avery Hill, Custodio Matavel, Vhalinavho Khavhagali, Tara Chen, Timo Leiter, Steven Koller, Portia Adade Williams, Oliver Lilford, Patricia Nayna Schwerdtle, Asha Sitati, Sherilee L. Harper, Eranga K. Galappaththi, Philip Antwi-Agyei, Tabea Lissner, Megan Lukas-Sithole, Alexandra Harden, Gabrielle Wong-Parodi, Bianca van Bavel, Kathryn Dana Sjostrom, Leah Gichuki, Eunice A Salubi, Gabriela Nagle Alverio, Jordi Sardans, Joshua Mullenite, Alexandre K. Magnan, Andrew Forbes, Delphine Deryng, Lea Berrang-Ford, Emily Duncan, Donovan Campbell, Garry Sotnik, Ivan Villaverde Canosa, Mia Wannewitz, Jan C. Minx, Katherine E. Browne, Katy Davis, Kripa Jagannathan, Neal R. Haddaway, Roopam Shukla, Vasiliki I. Chalastani, Mohammad Aminur Rahman Shah, Elphin Tom Joe, Shaugn Coggins, Lam T. M. Huynh, Diana Reckien, Carolyn A. F. Enquist, Tanvi Agrawal, Christine J. Kirchhoff, Luckson Zvobgo, Neha Chauhan, Stephanie E. Austin, Adelle Thomas, Nicola Ulibarri, Indra D. Bhatt, Elisabeth A. Gilmore, Katharine J. Mach, Brian Pentz, Nicole van Maanen, Sienna Templeman, Julia Pelaez Avila, Emily Theokritoff, Alexandra Paige Fischer, Josep Peñuelas, Matthias Garschagen, Maarten van Aalst, William Kakenmaster, Yuanyuan Shang, Christa Anderson, Mark New, Pratik Pokharel, Jennifer Niemann, Mariella Siña, Giulia Scarpa, Erin Coughlan de Perez, Ingrid Arotoma-Rojas, Warda Ajaz, Edmond Totin, Marjolijn Haasnoot, Idowu Ajibade, Chandni Singh, Max Callaghan, Jan Petzold, A. R. Siders, James D. Ford, Jiren Xu, Miriam Nielsen, Michael D. Morecroft, Thelma Zulfawu Abu, Lynée L. Turek-Hankins, Alcade C Segnon, Cristina A. Mullin, Hasti Trivedi, Praveen Kumar, Tom Hawxwell, Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo, Alexandra Lesnikowski, Susan J. Elliott, Abraham Marshall Nunbogu, Anuszka Mosurska, Aidan D. Farrell, Nicholas Philip Simpson, Shuaib Lwasa, Christopher H. Trisos, Alyssa Gatt, Rebecca R. Hernandez, Zinta Zommers, and Shinny Thakur
- Subjects
Geography ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Climate change ,business ,Adaptation (computer science) - Abstract
We present the first systematic, global stocktake of the academic literature on human adaptation. We screen 48,316 documents and identify 1,682 articles that present empirical research documenting human efforts to reduce risk from climate change and associated hazards. Coding and synthesizing this literature highlights that the overall extent of adaptation across global regions and sectors is low. Adaptations are largely local and incremental rather than transformative. Behavioural adjustments by individuals and households are more prevalent than any other type of response, largely motivated by drought and precipitation variability. Local governments and civil society are engaging in risk reduction across all sectors and regions, particularly in response to flooding. Urban technological and infrastructural adaptations to flood risk are prevalent in Europe, while shifts in farming practices dominate reporting from Africa and Asia. Despite increasing evidence of adaptation responses, evidence that these responses are reducing risks (observed and projected) remains limited.
- Published
- 2021
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