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Dominance hierarchy, is described as the priority to feed, resting and territory in term of aggressive interactions. Increased studies have revealed the underpinned mechanism mediating social hierarchy in mammal, vertebrate and fishes, however, there is rare studies conducting on how brain amydala on social hierarchy in poultry. We performed cross-species analysis with mammalian amygdala, and find that cell types of human and rhesus monkeys were more closely related and that of chickens were more distant. We identified 26 clusters and divided it into 10 main clusters. Of which, GABAnic and glutamatergic neurons are associated with social behaviors, and their sub-neurons GABA_LEG and Glu3, and hub genes RHOB and CDK14, are considered mediating the social hierarchy of chickens. Additionally, high-rank chickens may have better immune functions and stress tolerance than low-rank chickens. Our results provide to serve the developmental studies of amygdala neuron system, and new insights into the underpinned mechanism of social hierarchy in poultry.

Background To analyze perioperative conditions and long-term efficacy of open modified ureterosigmoidostomy urinary diversion (OMUUD) in patients with bladder cancer who underwent open radical cystectomy (ORC) or laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC). Methods In this retrospective study, the clinical data of patients who underwent open and laparoscopic radical cystectomy plus open modified ureterosigmoidostomy urinary diversion in our hospital were collected from January 2011 to December 2019. In addition, perioperative data of 56 patients who underwent ORC and OMUUD were compared with those of 118 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) plus OMUUD. A long-term follow-up was performed to compare the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rate between the two groups. Results Results showed that the mean operation time in the open group was shorter than that in the laparoscopic group (P

Background To investigate the characteristics of sleep cycle in children with severe acute bronchopneumonia treated with invasive mechanical ventilation at different sedation depths. Methods We included 35 pediatric patients with severe acute bronchopneumonia treated using mechanical ventilation in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. They were divided into deep sedation group (n = 21; ramsay score 5–6) and light sedation group (n = 14; ramsay score3-4) based on sedation depth achieved during mechanical ventilation. Long-term video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring was performed within the first 24 h after starting mechanical ventilation and after weaning from mechanical ventilation and discontinuing sedatives and analgesics. The results were analyzed and compared with those of normal children to analyze changes in sleep cycle characteristics at different sedation depths and mechanical ventilation stages. Results There were 29 cases altered sleep architecture. The deep sedation group had a significantly higher incidence of sleep architecture altered, total sleep duration, and non-rapid eye movement sleep-1 (NREM-1) loss incidence than the light sedation group. Moreover, the deep sedation group had a significantly lower awakening number and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) percentage than the light sedation group. The sleep cycle returned to normal in 27 (77%) patients without NREM-1 or REM sleep loss. Conclusions Deep sedation during mechanical ventilation allows longer total sleep duration, fewer awakenings, and an increased deep sleep proportion, but sleep architecture is severely altered. After weaning from mechanical ventilation and sedative discontinuation, lightly sedated children exhibit better sleep recovery.

Background: To analyze perioperative conditions and long-term efficacy of open modified ureterosigmoidostomy urinary diversion (OMUUD) in patients with bladder cancer who underwent open radical cystectomy (ORC) and laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC).Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical data of patients who underwent open and laparoscopic radical cystectomy plus open modified ureterosigmoidostomy urinary diversion in our hospital were collected from January 2011 to December 2019. In addition, perioperative data of 56 patients who underwent ORC and OMUUD were compared with those of 118 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) plus OMUUD. A long-term follow-up was performed to compare the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rate between the two groups.Results: Results showed that there was no significant difference between ORC+OMUUD group and LRC+OMUUD group in terms of gender, age, body index, pre-operative ASA grade, history of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) before surgery, tumor T stage, lymph node dissection range, pathological grade, and positive postoperative surgical margin. The mean operation time in the open group was shorter than that in the laparoscopic group （PConclusion: This study shows that the LRC group has long operation time, but less estimated intraoperative blood loss, short postoperative hospital stay, small trauma, and fast postoperative recovery compared to open surgery. Moreover, the incidence of complications at 30 - and 90-days postoperation, as well as the OS and PFS is not different between laparoscopy and open surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical data, pathological types, treatment methods, and long-term outcome of 17 cases on Primary Urethral Cancer (PUC).Patients and Methods: We did a retrospective review of 17 patients diagnosed with PUC from January 2011 to December 2020 at four hospitals in Gansu Province.We stratified the patient concerning to their age, gender, histological type, stage, treatment modality and final follow-up, among which those at an early stage were defined as Tis-T2N0M0, while those at an advanced stage as T3-4. Then we analyzed the stratified samples based on clinical stage, treatment method, and outcome.Results: The majority of the 17 patients were female (F: M=13:4), And the number of cases at an early stage is roughly the same as those at an advanced stage (9:8). The most common histologic types were squamous cell carcinoma (35.3%) and urothelial carcinoma (35.3%), while adenocarcinoma (11.8%), malignant melanoma (11.8%), and small cell carcinoma (6.9%) accounted for a relatively small proportion. Surgery was a primary treatment modality for early cases, While for advanced cases, multimodal treatment was preferred.Conclusion: Survival rates are significantly lower in rare tumors than common tumors; besides, patients with early-stage PUC show better outcomes thanks to the single-mode therapy, whereas patients with advanced cancers need the most advanced multimode treatment to benefit patients as much as possible. However, due to the rarity of this malignancy, multi-agency experience provides the best evidence available.

Objective: To compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes of open modified ureterosigmoidostomy urinary diversion (OMUUD) and intracorporeal modified ureterosigmoidostomy urinary diversion (IMUUD) following laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC).Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our single institutional collected database patients undergoing LRC from October 2011 to October 2019.The perioperative characteristics were compared between OMUUD and IMUUD, and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Overall 84 patients were included. OMUUD and IMUUD were performed in 63 (75%) and 21 (25%) patients respectively. IMUUD patients demonstrated shorter postoperative length of stay (16.24±3.91 d vs. 18.98±7.41 d, P=0.033), similar operation time (498.57±121.44 vs. 462.24±99.71, P=0.175), similar estimated blood loss ［400(200-475) ml vs. 400(200-700) ml, P=0.095］,similar overall complication rate within 30-d (19.05% vs. 25.40%, P=0.848) and 90-d (23.81% vs. 17.46%, P=0.748). Complete urinary control rate of 87.3% (55/63) at OMUUD group. In IMUUD with a complete urinary control rate of 90.5% (19/21).There was no significant in OS (χ2=0.015, P=0.901) and PFS (χ2=0.107, P=0.743) between two groups.Conclusion: IMUUD postoperative recovery is faster, other perioperative outcomes and oncology results are not significantly different with OMUUD. It is indicated that IMUUD can be utilized safely and effectively in the urinary diversion after LRC.