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Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was found to induce aberrant methylation in critical genes involved in insulin signaling and angiogenesis in humans, presumably due to protein stabilization of DNA methyltransferases. Whether IL-6 and DNMT1 impact breast cancer (BC) prognosis remains unknown. Methods TIMER2.0 web server was used for comprehensive analysis from TCGA. Associations between DNMT1 and IL-6 in tumor immune microenvironment was explored via single cell sequencing (SCS) from TISCH. IL-6 and DNMT1 expressions were investigated in tissue microarray of our own cohort (n = 285) as well as in BC cell-lines. Invasion activity was compared between high and low IL-6/DNMT expressing BC cell-lines treated with/without IL-6 antibody. Results DNMT1 mRNA was significantly higher in the BC tissues (p

(1) Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that was found to cause epigenetic changes by regulating DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). IL-6 has al-so been found to promote tumor progression and chemoresistance in numerous types of cancers. However, it remains unknown how IL-6 and DNMT1 may impact prognosis in different breast cancer types. (2) Methods: Patient survival rate in breast cancer patients and DNMT1 expression pattern was examined in TCGA datasets. Protein expression pattern of IL-6 and DNMT1 were investigated in the tissue microarray in our cohort (n=285, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IL-6 and DNMT1 expressions were examined in breast cancer cell-lines. Cell invasion activity was compared between high and low IL-6/DNMT expressing breast cancer cell lines, and between cells treated with/without IL-6 antibody. (3) Results: DNMT1 mRNA level was significantly higher in the breast tumor tissues (p (4) Conclusions: IL-6-DNMT1 axis could be responsible for HER2-positive breast cancer progression in tumor immune microenvironment. Our study suggests that IL-6 inhibition in combination with anti-HER2 therapy might be an effective approach in particular for HER2-positive patients with a potential to become a standard therapeutic strategy.

Background: Nowadays, as technology and medical treatment improvements contribute to extending the lives of human beings, it also causes many diseases like noninfectious chronic and neurodegenerative with an aging population. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. It almost always occurs in older adults whose age is above 65 years old. AD is clinically characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive abilities. Pathologically, it is defined by the appearance of senile plaques-extracellular insoluble, congophilic protein aggregates composed of amyloid β (Aβ), resulting in oxidative stress, mitochondrial disorders, synaptic atrophy, leading to function degradation of the brain. The scientific name of adlay is Coix lacryma-jobi L., which is an annual botanical.Methods: This research uses the adlay hull, as a test sample in the experiment. The 95% ethanol extract of adlay hull (AHEE) was partitioned by ethyl acetate (AHEAE), n-butanol (AHBUE) and water (AHWE) subsequently, and the test of extracts by LPSinduce a RAW264.7 inflammatory response and Aβ25-35-induces dPC12 cells which cause neurotoxicity as an experimental model, respectively. Investigate the inflammatory and anti-apoptosis related protein expression.Results: The results shown that the AHEE, AHEAE and AHWE exert antiinflammatory effects, AHWE also have anti-apoptosis effects. Through mouse macrophages inflammatory protein expression experiments, as well as inhibition of iNOS expression, resulted in inhibited nitrite production. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of AHWE against the Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in dPC12 cells and explored the underlying mechanism. The results showed that pretreatment with AHWE significantly attenuated cell death and the elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio evoked by Aβ25-35. Moreover, AHWE significantly inhibited Aβ25-35 and enhanced the protein levels of Akt in dPC12 cells. These observations unambiguously suggested that the protective effect of AHWE against Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis in dPC12 cells was associated with the enhancement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Conclusion: The results showed that adlay hull extracts have the anti-oxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective property. These results suggest that adlay hull extracts may have a preventive therapeutic potential in the management of AD.