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Background Genetic variants influence the distribution of vitamin D in circulation leading to vitamin D deficiency. The two extensively studied non-synonymous DBP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7041 and rs4588 are found in different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency distribution of DBPgene polymorphism andcompare the free and bioavailable vitamin D levels among active tuberculosis patients, latent tuberculosis infection individuals,and those without tuberculosis infection. This was across-sectional study with 53 active tuberculosis patients,23 latent tuberculosis individuals, and27 individuals without tuberculosis infection.Free and bioavailable vitamin D levels were measured using ELISA method.DNA extraction and PCR were performed and a product of 498 bp was obtained. We genotyped the DBP gene by Sanger sequencing and the single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified using the BioEdit tool. Results The study frequency distributions of the DBP genotypes were reported as97% Gc1F, 2% Gc2 and 1% Gc1S.Significantly low vitamin D levels were found among the TB patients, p=,0.001.The median (IQR) vitamin D levels of the predominant genotype, Gc1F were 3.8(1.1–10.5) ng/ml,Gc1S individuals, 2.2ng/ml, and Gc2 individuals were 1.9 ng/ml. A non significant association was found between the vitamin D binding protein genes and free and bioavailable vitamin D levels, p = > 0.05. Conclusion The Gc1F genotype was predominantly found in the study population with the minor alleles associated with active and latent TB states. Significantly low free and bioavailable vitamin D levels were found among TB patients compared to other TB states. However a non- significant association was found between the DBP gene polymorphismsand the free and bioavailable vitamin D levels.

Genetic variants influence the distribution of vitamin D in circulation leading to vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to determine the association between the DBP gene polymorphism with vitamin D bioavailability among active tuberculosis patients, latent Tuberculosis and with no Tuberculosis infection individuals. This was a cross-sectional study of 52 active tuberculosis patients, 23 latent tuberculosis individuals, and 27 with no tuberculosis infection. Sanger sequencing was performed and single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified using the BioEdit tool. Logistic regression was used to determine associations. Frequencies of 97% Gc1F, 2% Gc2 and 1% Gc1S genotypes were reported. The median (IQR) vitamin D levels of the predominant genotype, Gc1F were 3.8 (1.1-10.5) ng/ml, Gc1S individual, 2.2 ng/ml, and Gc2 individuals were 1.9 ng/ml. No significant association was found between vitamin D binding protein gene and free and bioavailable vitamin D levels, p=value 0.05. Spearman’s correlation revealed a negative association (r-0.0404) between the two. The Gc1F genotype was predominantly found in the study population with the minor alleles associated with active and latent TB states. However, the non-significant association observed between the vitamin D Binding Protein gene and the free and bioavailable vitamin D levels may be a consequence of the homogenous population.

Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the important legume oilseed crops. Cultivated peanut has a narrow genetic base. Therefore, it is necessary to widen its genetic base and diversity for additional use. The objective of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 96 peanut genotypes with 9478 high-resolution SNPs identified from a 48 K ‘Axiom_Arachis’ SNP array. Korean set genotypes were also compared with a mini-core of US genotypes. These sets of genotypes were used for genetic diversity analysis. Model-based structure analysis at K = 2 indicated the presence of two subpopulations in both sets of genotypes. Phylogenetic and PCA analysis clustered these genotypes into two major groups. However, clear genotype distribution was not observed for categories of subspecies, botanical variety, or origin. The analysis also revealed that current Korean genetic resources lacked variability compared to US mini-core genotypes. These results suggest that Korean genetic resources need to be expanded by creating new allele combinations and widening the genetic pool to offer new genetic variations for Korean peanut improvement programs. High-quality SNP data generated in this study could be used for identifying varietal contaminant, QTL, and genes associated with desirable traits by performing mapping, genome-wide association studies.