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Background Rare earth element (REE) have been considered to have potential effects on human health. However, little is known about the health risk of REEs exposure among tea drinkers in China. Objectives To characterize the concentration of REEs in different categories of tea and assess the health risk of REEs of tea consumers in China. Methods 4326 tea samples(including oolong tea, dark tea, black tea, white tea, green tea and flowering tea from markets of 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China, were analyzed for sixteen kinds of rare earth elements. Combining the REE concentration data with tea consumption data, derived from the China National Food Consumption Survey 2013–2014, the REE exposure level through tea for adults was estimated. Calculate the hazard quotient, and judge the health risk of the population based on the result value Results The average concentrations of rare earth elements in Oolong tea and black tea were the highest (1611.8µg/kg and 1435.2µg/kg), and in green tea and flower tea were the lowest (735.1µg/kg and 564.1µg/kg). The content values of light rare earth elements (LREEs) were dominant in 94.53% of tea samples, cerium (431.5µg/kg) was the most abundant, followed by lanthanum (267.3µg/kg). The average daily dose of REEs in tea intake for Chinese adults was 0.0328µg/kg BW. There are statistical differences in REEs exposure among different genders of tea drinkers(p

Background Malathion has been wildly used in agriculture and household pest control for years and can affect human health through drinking water and dietary exposure. This study was to investigate the immunotoxicity of malathion (MLT）on BALA/c mice for the purpose of providing a scientific basis for pesticides registration management of MLT and other pesticides. Methods Female mice were randomly divided into five groups. Both the negative control and the positive control groups of mice were daily gavage with corn oil, and those in the positive control group were intraperitoneal injected with 200 mg/kg bw of cyclophosphamide (CY) 24 h before the end of the study. In the dosage groups, MLT were daily gavage at doses of 16, 65 and 258 mg/kg bw for 30 days, respectively. After exposure, the body weight, the absolute and relative weight of organs, the hematology and clinical chemistry parameters, the splenocyte number, the bone marrow cell classification, histopathology, as well as the cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and non-specific immunity functions of mice were studied. Comparisons between multiple groups were carried out by using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc comparisons tests when equal variances assumed and Dunnett’s T3 post hoc tests when equal variances assumption was not met.ResultsCompared with the negative control group, the low dose of MLT significantly reduced the levels of IL-10, neutrophil, polychromatic erythroblast and monocyte series (PPP