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An intestine–liver–glioblastoma biomimetic system was developed to evaluate the drug combination therapy for glioblastoma. A hollow fiber (HF) was embedded into the upper layer of the microfluidic chip for culturing Caco-2 cells to mimic drug delivery as an artificial intestine. HepG2 cells cultured in the bottom chamber of the chip acted as an artificial liver for metabolizing the drugs. The dual-drug combination to glioblastoma U251 cells was evaluated based on the intestine–liver metabolic model. The drugs, irinotecan (CPT-11), temozolomide (TMZ) and cyclophosphamide (CP), were used to dynamically stimulate the cells by continuous infusion into the intestine unit. After intestine absorption and liver metabolism, the prodrugs were transformed to active metabolites, which induced glioblastoma cells apoptosis. The anticancer activity of the CPT-11 and TMZ combination is significantly enhanced compared to that of the single drug treatments. Combination index (CI) values of the combination groups, CPT-11 and TMZ, CPT-11 and CP, and TMZ and CP, at half maximal inhibitory concentration were 0.137, 0.288, and 0.482, respectively. The results indicated that the CPT-11 and TMZ combination was superior to the CPT-11 and CP group as well as the TMZ and CP group towards the U251 cells. The metabolism mechanism of CPT-11 and TMZ was further studied by coupling with mass spectrometric analysis. The biomimetic model enables the performance of long-term cell co-culture, drug delivery, metabolism and real-time analysis of drug effects, promising systematic in vitro mimicking of physiological and pharmacological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulphur (Li-S) batteries are high-energy-density and cost-effective batteries. Herein, petal-like Ni 1- x Mn x (OH) 2 ( x ≈ 0.04) nanosheets were synthesised using a hydrothermal method and the electrical conductivity of Ni(OH) 2 was improved by applying the cathode functional materials in Li-S batteries. With up to 5 mg cm -2 of S content in the cathode, the fabricated Ni 1- x Mn x (OH) 2 electrode exhibited specific discharge capacities up to 1375 and 1150 mA h g -1 at 0.2 and 0.5C, and retained this capacity at 813 and 714 mA h g -1 after 200 cycles, respectively. Electrochemical measurement results show that Ni 1- x Mn x (OH) 2 plays a critical role in Li-S batteries as it has a larger specific surface area than Ni(OH) 2 , which has superior adsorption performance toward lithium polysulphides. Moreover, the conductivity performance of Ni 1- x Mn x (OH) 2 is significantly better than that of Ni(OH) 2 , which improves the electrochemical reaction kinetics of the Li-S batteries., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)