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The Bi2S3nanomaterials with various morphologies such as nanorods, nanowires, nanowire bundles, urchin-like microspheres and urchin-like microspheres with cavities have been successfully synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. Experimental results indicate that sulfur sources play crucial roles in determining the morphologies of Bi2S3products. Moreover, formation mechanisms of different Bi2S3nanostructures are discussed based on understanding of the growth habit of Bi2S3crystal. Finally, we also studied the morphologies-dependent electrochemical and optical properties of the as-synthesized Bi2S3nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]