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A novel lithium salt (lithium di-fluoro di-nonafluoro-tert-butoxy borate) shows high solubility (>1 M) and flame-retardant properties in an electrolyte solution with conventional carbonate solvents as well as stable cycling in a high-voltage (4.8 V) LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-graphite based lithium-ion battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the safety and costs of current lithium-ion batteries are nonideal, engineering a new energy-storage systems is needed. Mag-nesium/lithium hybrid-ion batteries (MLHBs) combining fast kinetics of Li ions and a dendrite-free Mg anode are promising. Here, we describe our development of an MLHB using lamellar SnSe2/SnSe/SnO2 as cathode material and an all-phenyl complex (APC)-based electrolyte. The multi-layered cathode material generated from a hierarchical precursor is conducive to diffusion of Li+ and Mg2+ ions, and buffers volumetric changes efficiently. After 2000 cycles at 1.0 A g-1 the battery shows a specific capacity of 233 mA h g-1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 100%. It also shows excellent rate performances. These findings suggest that the cathode design working with optimized electrolyte will find many applications for high-performance energy-storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure optimal operation of electrochemical energy storage devices, a precise design of the interfaces formed between the electrodes and the electrolyte is essential. Si is a promising anode active material for Li-ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity; however, the large volume change associated with Li absorption and release hinders its practical applications. The development of high-performance storage batteries depends on the construction of an electrode-electrolyte interface that facilitates Li+ movement. To this aim, the authors have developed Si-specific interface observation methods. In this feature article, we review and discuss recent advances in the reaction behavior of Si-based anodes, particularly at the Si electrode-electrolyte interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential, but not too much--Roles of electrolyte additive (FEC) in Li+ solvation structures and interfacial reactions are revealed in a high-concentration electrolyte. While excessive FEC addition can intervene in original Li+ solvation, compromising interfacial kinetics, minimal FEC is essential in fast-charging applications to seamlessly facilitate Li+ desolvation while reinforcing interfacial stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research studies on biomass-derived hard carbon are gaining notable scientific interest due to its potential application as a sustainable anode for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). The current study presents the development of hard carbon from soap-nut seed biomass, with the optimization of its pyrolysis temperature, followed by chemical activation using KOH- and ZnCl2-activated reagents. The physicochemical behaviour of the developed materials is studied by utilizing XRD, HRTEM, BET, and XPS techniques. CV and galvanostatic charge–discharge curves are examined to assess the potential of the material for the application as a sustainable anode in LIBs. The electrochemical performance of the developed materials obtained at various pyrolysis temperatures (600, 700, 800 and 900 °C) and chemically activated with KOH and ZnCl2 is explained with respect to their interplanar spacing, ID/IG ratio, and specific pore area. Among the different pyrolysis temperatures, the hard carbon pyrolyzed at 700 °C exhibits the maximum reversible specific discharge capacity of 391 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The present study also demonstrates that the electrochemical performance of the hard carbon deteriorates after chemical activation with ZnCl2, whereas chemical activation with KOH enhances its performance. The chemically-activated hard carbon using KOH exhibits a reversible specific discharge capacity of 454 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and delivers a better cycling stability (500 cycles) of 83 mA h g−1 at 300 mA g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn2P2O7−y (referred to as ZPO) is expected to be an ideal anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its low cost, good chemical and thermal stability, and environmental friendliness. The effects of oxygen vacancies on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of ZPO were systematically investigated. The sample obtained in an argon–hydrogen atmosphere (referred to as ZPO-1) exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 1178.4 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, which was superior to that of the samples obtained via calcination in argon (referred to as ZPO-2, 749.1 mA h g−1), vacuum (referred to as ZPO-3, 901.3 mA h g−1), and the air (referred to as ZPO-4, 911.2 mA h g −1). The excellent electrochemical performance of ZPO-1 could be attributed to the introduction of more defects under reducing atmospheres, which accelerated the transmission rate of lithium ions and improved discharge capacity. Appropriate amounts of oxygen vacancies not only enhance electrical conductivity, but also act as active sites for electrochemical reactions. Additionally, synthesizing ZPO with oxygen vacancies provides a reference for exploring anode materials with exceptional performances for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiFe2O4, as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, has attracted extensive attention due to its high theoretical capacity. However, its practical application is greatly restricted due to the serious volume expansion that occurs during electrochemical reactions. A novel NiO@NiFe2O4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) architecture was self-assembled by using a facile hydrothermal method and annealing treatment, and its electrochemical lithium-ion storage performance was studied. The results indicate that the NiO@NiFe2O4/rGO electrode exhibits superior rate capability and cycling performance, with a high specific capacity of 930.12 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles and 663.72 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 300 cycles. In addition, it still delivers large specific capacities of 342.6 and 213.55 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of more than 99% at high current densities of 2 and 5 A g−1, respectively. This distinguished electrochemical performance is ascribed to the unique and stable structure of the self-assembled NiO@NiFe2O4/rGO electrode material and the synergistic effect between NiO, NiFe2O4 and rGO. This work provides the possibility of improving the lithium-ion storage capacity of transition metal oxides by the facile self-assembly construction of an electrode material architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been perceived as promising electrode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to their tunable three-dimensional porous frameworks and large surface areas. However, the coordinate bonds between metallic ions and organic ligands in MOFs are easily broken during the redox process, resulting in structural breakage and poor electrochemical performance. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) has been applied as a matrix to anchor Ni2+ through carboxyl groups, thereby forming Ni-MOFs in situ on the surface and effectively enhancing the structural stability of Ni-MOFs. When used as an anode in an LIB, Ni-MOFs/GO can present a specific capacity of 740.8 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 with almost no capacity degradation after 100 cycles. This performance can be attributed to the large d–π electron conjugation, which not only contributes to rapid electron transfer but also benefits the delocalization of charge. Additionally, the GO matrix can effectively prevent the agglomeration of Ni-MOF particles, which also aids the structural stabilization of Ni-MOFs in the charge/discharge process, thus enhancing the electrochemical performance of Ni-MOFs/GO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many researchers continue to pursue improved battery capacity, battery safety remains a major concern. The main cause of battery fires is the flammability of the currently available commercial organic liquid electrolytes, which are mainly composed of 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) and EC-containing carbonate solvents. Herein, a flame-retardant co-solvent tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (TTFP) was applied to improve the flame retardancy of a battery. It could improve the battery's discharging capacities at both 4.2 V and high cut-off voltage (4.5 V). Specifically, at a common voltage of 4.2 V, the cells' 100th discharge capacity without TTFP was 130 mA h g−1 by 0.2C with a capacity retention (CR) of 69%. In comparison, under the same conditions, the capacity of the 10% TTFP-containing cell was 162.3 mA h g−1 with a CR of 73.9%. This increase in the electrochemical properties of the cell is clearly due to the addition of TTFP. When charging and discharging at 2.75–4.5 V, the capacity of the battery with STD after 100 cycles at 0.2C was 118.7 mA h g−1, and the corresponding CR was 60.93%. Meanwhile, the discharged capacity of the battery containing 10% TTFP was 150.0 mA h g−1 with a corresponding CR of 65.39%. Through combustion test with and without the TTFP electrolyte, it can be concluded that the TTFP-containing electrolyte is difficult to ignite. This result indicates that TTFP can efficiently enhance the safety performance of the battery. Thus, the incorporation of TTFP can be beneficial to improve the flame retardancy of the electrolyte. Moreover, TTFP does not affect the electrochemical stability of batteries. Thus, the present work may provide a good direction for the next generation of high-performance and high-safety lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic compounds can solve many problems that lithium ion batteries currently face, such as the unsustainability and limited capacity of inorganic electrodes, due to their abundance, renewability and designability. As a kind of electroactive porous polymer, covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) have shown good potential in energy storage. However, their synthesis usually requires high reaction temperature and a long reaction time or employs toxic organic reagents, resulting in uncontrollable structures, high synthesis cost and negative environmental impact. Herein, an AlCl3–NaCl–KCl ternary molten salt system with a low eutectic point (∼93 °C) was used for the first time for the synthesis of CTFs, and products with good crystallinity and an AB stacking structure were prepared even at 180 °C, the lowest temperature reported for the synthesis of CTFs in molten salt. Electrochemical tests further indicated that AB-stacked CTFs exhibited better electrochemical performance than the AA-stacked one and could behave as both the cathode and anode of Li-ion batteries. As a consequence, a rocking-chair full cell composed of the CTFs@Li3PO4 cathode and a CTF-based anode had been assembled with an initial discharge specific capacity of 101.2 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Ex situ FTIR and XPS tests revealed the reversible Li+ insertion/extraction at C＝N of triazine rings and C＝C of cyclohexadiene rings for the anode and the synergistic lithium storage of triazine rings and Li3PO4 based on in situ p-type doping/dedoping of CTFs in the cathode. The concept of a biphase coupled cathode (BPCC) that combines p-type organic molecules and lithium salts for designing a rocking-chair all-organic lithium ion battery will inspire the study of high-energy organic lithium ion batteries beyond dual-ion batteries and open a new avenue for organic energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeS2 is a promising electrode material for alkali metal ion storage due to its high theoretical capacity. However, it still faces critical issues such as suboptimal rate and cycling performances owing to sluggish charge transport and significant volume variations. Herein, we constructed FeS2 (m-FeS2) and pyrite FeS2 (p-FeS2) nanocomposites embedded in N,S-doped carbon nanoboxes (m/p-FeS2@NSCN) to conquer such challenges. The microstructure design of nanoboxes effectively alleviates the stress caused by the volume expansion of FeS2 during lithiation processes, thereby improving the cycling stability of the FeS2 electrode. The marcasite/pyrite compositing design further increases the electronic conductivity of FeS2 and optimizes ion migration. As expected, the target m/p-FeS2@NSCN exhibits improved rate capability (595.5 mA h g−1 at 5.0 A g−1) and robust cycling stability (500 cycles without significant capacity decay at 0.1 A g−1) in lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, m/p-FeS2@NSCN also shows excellent battery performances and potential application prospects in the field of sodium-ion batteries. It achieves a capacity of 355 mA h g−1 at 10.0 A g−1 and sustains 800 cycles without noticeable capacity decay at 0.5 A g−1. This work offers valuable guidance for rationally designing high-performance energy storage materials for alkali metal ion storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the synergistic effect between two metals and a high oxidation state, β-ZnMoO4 shows a high theoretical specific capacity and acts as one active material for the design and construction of lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, β-ZnMoO4 structures were formed by one hydrothermal process and characterized with XRD, SEM, Raman and XPS. The electrochemical performance tests demonstrate their excellent lithium storage capacity and cycling stability. At a current density of 2.0 A g−1, the reversible capacities of two formed β-ZnMoO4 microstructures were maintained at 665.5 and 704.6 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles. These characteristics prove that β-ZnMoO4 structures show interesting application prospects in portable energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfonimide salts are considered as promising electrolyte materials in the construction of high-performant rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and lithium metal batteries (LMBs), owing to their delocalized negative charges, superior structural flexibility, and decent thermal/chemical stability. In this work, a historical overview of the development of sulfonimide anions in the field of electrolyte materials is presented, and the unique features of sulfonimide anions are discussed, in comparison with some popular anions [e.g., hexafluorophosphate anion (PF6−)] being employed for batteries. The key advances in the design of sulfonimide salts as electrolyte materials are scrutinized, encompassing their use in nonaqueous liquid electrolytes, ionic liquid electrolytes, and solid polymer electrolytes. Based on the existing reports and our experiences in this domain, possible research directions related to further improvement of sulfonimide-based electrolytes are highlighted. Besides demonstrating the status quo and research progress, this work also expands the structural design toolkit of sulfonimide-based electrolytes, which may accelerate the development and realization of sulfonimide anion-based electrolytes in practical LIBs/LMBs and simultaneously give new impetus to other kinds of rechargeable battery technologies (e.g., sodium and potassium batteries). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-step hydrothermally synthesized over-oxidized Mo3Se4 with enriched selenium exhibited a specific capacity of 1006.75 mA h g−1 at 0.1C. It retained 71% of the initial value during the rate performance test. This novel electrode demonstrated a large specific capacity of 897.62 mA h g−1 at 0.4C at the end of 332 cycles. The exceptional results for mixed phase Mo3Se4 suggest its structural and chemical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double perovskites with the general formula A2B1B2O6, in which A2 is a lanthanide or alkaline earth metal and B1 and B2 are transition metals, are famous for their structures and excellent chemical and physical properties. Double perovskites have proven their ability as advanced anode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIB) with advantages in terms of rate capability, lifetime and safety; however, they have not been widely investigated. Therefore, in this work, we fabricated M2NiMnO6 (where M = Eu, Gd, and Tb)-based perovskite electrode materials using a simple solid-state reaction method, and they were utilized as anode electrodes in LIBs. The structural, morphological and surface chemical investigations reveal the formation of phase-pure perovskite materials. Among the three types of perovskite materials, Tb2NiMnO6 presents outstanding LIB properties, showing an initial discharge capacity of 318 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 Å g−1, which later stabilizes at 110 mAh g−1 in the successive cycles. The cycling stability of the Tb2NiMnO6 anode electrode was studied for more than 500 cycles, demonstrating a high structural stability, 70% capacity retention with 0.06% capacity fading per cycle and excellent reversibility of nearly 100% during current rate cycling. Moreover, the Coulombic efficiency (94%) was found to be better than that of commercial graphite (60%), which suffers from sluggish electrochemical kinetics. Thus, the double perovskites studied in this work can be further investigated as alternatives to other established anode electrode materials for future LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1990, commercial lithium-ion batteries have made significant strides, approaching their theoretical performance limits, albeit with escalating costs. To address these challenges, attention has shifted toward lithium–sulfur batteries, which offer higher theoretical energy densities and cost-effectiveness. However, lithium–sulfur cells face challenges such as active-material loss, excessive electrolyte usage, and rapid degradation of lithium–metal anodes. To overcome these issues, research has focused on optimizing cell configurations and fabrication parameters while exploring novel electrolytes and electrode materials. This feature article delves into the intrinsic material challenges and extrinsic engineering issues in current lithium–sulfur research and explores the development of advanced lithium–sulfur cells with crucial progress on high-loading sulfur cathodes, lean-electrolyte cells, and solid-state electrolytes. Moreover, it outlines the fundamental principles, structures, performances, and developmental trajectories indicated in research articles published after 2020, highlighting future research directions aimed at resolving key challenges for the practical application of lithium–sulfur cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the potential for direct major component analysis of lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide variants in solid samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-GF AAS) was critically evaluated, always with the aim of developing a simple and rapid method that relies only on the use of aqueous standards for calibration. The accuracy of the developed method was evaluated against an established wet chemical acid digestion method using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The most challenging aspect was the selection and use of suitable standards, whereby the analytical performance criteria of liquid standards, single oxide solid standards and multielement solid standards had to be determined. With the result that multi-element liquid standards can be used for calibration, very good agreement with the certified reference values and with the values obtained by ICP-OES was achieved in all cases. The precision of the method was better than 12% with an optimum sample mass of 0.2-0.4 mg. The results show that not only the major components in pure NMC compounds (e.g. starting materials) can be reliably analysed, but also the cathode coatings made from recycled battery materials. This demonstrates the range of applications of the methods and their suitability under industrial conditions, for example in the analysis of recyclates. The technology is almost predestined for use in industrial laboratories in order to quickly and accurately determine the stoichiometric composition of cathode coatings from aged lithium batteries and to ensure battery shredding by type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor interfacial stability and undesirable cycling performance caused by their dramatic volume change hinder the large-scale commercial application of SiOx materials for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a simple two-step carbonization process is employed to prepare highly pyrrolic-nitrogen-doped carbon modified SiOx anode materials (SiOx@NC). The designed SiOx@NC materials exhibit high electron conductivity and favorable electrochemical kinetics. As expected, the SiOx@NC electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 1003.46 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1. The NCM622‖‖SiOx@NC full cell also demonstrates excellent cycling stability and rate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon (Si) materials have attracted growing attention in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their remarkably high-theoretical capacity and abundance on Earth. Despite the excellent edges, the widespread application of silicon materials in LIBs has been severely limited by rapid capacity decay and an unstable solidelectrolyte interphase (SEI) due to their substantial volume changes (>300%). Here, we report a novel water-soluble binder (CW-20), comprising sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) and waterborne polyurethane (WPU). Not only the novel binder can establish a cross-linked three-dimensional (3D) network through hydrogen bonding, which effectively maintains the electrodes' integrity, but also the binder can form a stable SEI layer, thereby improving the cycling stability and durability. Thus, the Si@CW-20 electrode maintains a specific capacity of 2626.2 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.1C. After 500 cycles at 0.5C, the Si@CW-20 electrode exhibits excellent stability, maintaining a high specific capacity of 1450.7 mA h g-1 with a capacity decline rate of 0.08% per cycle. Moreover, Si/C@CW-20 exhibits a capacity retention rate of 86.93% after 250 cycles at 1C. The cycling stability and durability of Si and Si/C anodes demonstrate significant potential for this strategy in facilitating the widespread implementation of high-capacity LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage has raised concerns about their disposal and recycling after application. Traditional recycling methods have economic and environmental limitations. Direct recycling is the most promising method. However, irreversible structural degradation and unavoidable impurities hinder the practical application of direct recycling. Here, a sustainable strategy, the methanol-citric acid separation of spent electrode scraps followed by the repair of the separated LFP through the residual polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), is proposed for direct recycling. The methanol-citric acid solvent can completely separate the electrode scraps into damage-free spent LFP and non-corrosive Al foil at room temperature. Through the solid-phase sintering method, as the PVDF content is 5 wt% in the spent LFP materials, the crystallinity and microstructure regenerate well, and a fluorine-doped carbon three-dimensional conductive network structure is coated on regenerated LFP particles. The conductive carbon black, which still remains stable in the regenerated LFP, is used again in the battery. The regenerated LFP cathode materials exhibit a good discharge capacity of 141.5 mA h g-1 and a retention rate of 99.6% at 1C after 100 cycles. Our work provides an environmentally friendly and cost-efficient strategy for the recovery of spent LFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems, aqueous batteries are attracting great interest due to their advantages of high safety, high sustainability, and low costs when compared with commercial lithium-ion batteries, showing great promise for grid-scale energy storage. This invited tutorial review aims to provide universal design principles to address the critical challenges at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces faced by various multivalent aqueous battery systems. Specifically, deposition regulation, ion flux homogenization, and solvation chemistry modulation are proposed as the key principles to tune the inter-component interactions in aqueous batteries, with corresponding interfacial design strategies and their underlying working mechanisms illustrated. In the end, we present a critical analysis on the remaining obstacles necessitated to overcome for the use of aqueous batteries under different practical conditions and provide future prospects towards further advancement of sustainable aqueous energy storage systems with high energy and long durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, initially, we present a general overview of the global financial support for chemistry devoted to materials science, specifically intercalation layered compounds (ILCs). Subsequently, the strategies to synthesise these host structures and the corresponding guest-host hybrid assemblies are exemplified on the basis of some families of materials, including pillared clays (PILCs), porous clay heterostructures (PCHs), zirconium phosphate (ZrP), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), graphite intercalation compounds (GICs), graphene-based materials, and MXenes. Additionally, a non-exhaustive survey on their possible application in the field of energy through electrochemical storage, mostly as electrode materials but also as electrolyte additives, is presented, including lithium technologies based on lithium ion batteries (LIBs), and beyond LiBs with a focus on possible alternatives such XIBs (X = Na (NIB), K (KIB), Al (AIB), Zn (ZIB), and Cl (CIB)), reversible Mg batteries (RMBs), dual-ion batteries (DIBs), Zn-air and Zn-sulphur batteries and supercapacitors as well as their relevance in other fields related to (opto)electronics. This selective panorama should help readers better understand the reason why ILCs are expected to meet the challenge of tomorrow as electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe2NiSe4@holey-graphene (FNS@HG) has been prepared by in situ growth and simultaneous perforation via a carbothermal reaction. The generation of nanoholes on the graphene sheets significantly reduced the diffusion distance of electrolyte ions, enhancing the rate capability of FNS@HG as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of micron silicon suboxide (μ-SiOx) as an anode material for commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is hindered by lower conductivity and significant volume expansion. To effectively address the inherent defects of μ-SiOx, in this study, we developed a strategy to confine μ-SiOx to N-doped-carbon networks modified by Sn nanoparticles to form a SiOx@NC/Sn composite, which utilizes tin salts for protein denaturation and NaCl as a pore-forming agent. The coexistence of Sn and N with carbon forms a conductive network, facilitating the migration of lithium ions and electrons and maintaining the structural stability of the SiOx@NC/Sn composite. SiOx@NC/Sn with a carbon content of 50.8% as the anode for LIBs exhibits long-term stability (801.1 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g−1) and rate capability (401.9 mA h g−1 at a current density of 5.0 A g−1). Moreover, the full cell demonstrates a capacity retention rate surpassing 75% after 100 cycles at 0.5C. This work provides a simple and low-cost strategy for preparing metal-modified and nitrogen doped-carbon materials for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, CSs-g-C3N4 carbon and nitrogen composites based on glucose carbon spheres were successfully synthesized. A high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal reaction successfully induces the amidation of glucose with melamine, and led to the synthesis of CSs-g-C3N4 carbon and nitrogen composites. A series of characterization tests and electrochemical tests revealed the lithium storage mechanism of the CSs-g-C3N4 composites. The experimental results show that the CSs-g-C3N4 composites exhibit excellent cycling performance in lithium-ion battery anode applications. Specifically, after 300 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1, the material still maintains a lithium storage capacity of 395.2 mA h g−1. This data fully demonstrates the superiority and stability of CSs-g-C3N4 composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In addition, the successful preparation of CSs-g-C3N4 composites not only demonstrates the technical feasibility of using g-C3N4 to prepare carbon and nitrogen composites, but also provides a new idea and direction for the research and development of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This achievement is expected to promote the wider application of g-C3N4 in the field of energy storage and further enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides provide a compelling amalgamation of high theoretical capacity and cost-effectiveness, positioning them as prime contenders for next-generation lithium-ion battery cathodes. However, their vulnerability to surface instability gives rise to a host of challenges, notably severe capacity and voltage fading. Consequently, the surface modification of Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides emerges as a viable solution to tackle this issue. Nevertheless, current methods exhibit various drawbacks, encompassing time-intensive procedures, environmental unfriendliness, and challenges in scalability. Hence, we present a technique employing ultrafast high-temperature heating technology to dynamically reshape the chemistry and structure of the surface of individual single-crystal Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode particles (LMLO) within a rapid 8-second timeframe. Structural analysis reveals the seamless integration of the spinel structure onto the surface, intricately linked to the internal layered structure, accompanied by a notable abundance of oxygen vacancies. Leveraging the distinctive features of this modified structure, the material demonstrates enhanced discharge capacity, superior rate performance, and prolonged cycling stability compared to the unmodified counterpart. Significantly, in stark contrast to alternative preparation methods, this technique accomplishes the formation of the protective layer within a mere 8 seconds, showcasing unparalleled efficiency. Furthermore, it boasts safety and environmental friendliness, necessitates basic instrumentation, boasts ease of operation, and is well-suited for large-scale adoption. Consequently, this method is positioned to drive the commercialization of Li-rich Mn-based layered oxide cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce free-standing FeS2/carbon microlattice composites as electrodes for lithium-ion batteries through 3D printing. The computer-aided design allows for any shape. The microlattice features aligned microchannels, promoting ion transfer, while the carbon skeleton facilitates electron transfer. Overall, this study shows 3D printing is highly promising in advancing sustainable energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell phones, tablets, laptop computers, and many other consumer technology gadgets use lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The characteristics of lithium batteries include a high specific energy, great efficiency, and a long life. Owing to their distinctive qualities, lithium batteries are now the preferred power source for the electronics industry, with annual production in billions of units. This paper discusses several safety hazards introduced by mechanical, thermal, and electrical abuse as well as cutting-edge fixes for these difficulties. This review sought to achieve a deeper understanding of the safety risks of lithium-ion batteries depending on materials chemistry together with a positive response to these problems. This review discusses different methods for enhancing cell safety, including cooling, balancing, and cell chemistry. It then examines current safety regulations and associated testing procedures. Finally, it concludes with observations on potential future advancements and the prospects for safer lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and construction of high-capacity covalent organic framework (COF) electrode materials and the study of energy storage mechanism are still facing challenges. COFs have received academic interest as electrode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), while the exploitation of pristine COFs is restricted by insufficient conductivity and active sites, partly due to the lack of hierarchical pores. Herein, we report a flexible synthesis solution for the preparation of highly ordered two-dimensional nanoporous COFs. Triphenylene-based covalent organic frameworks (TP-COFs) have been successfully used as anode electrode materials for LIBs for the first time. Additionally, a systematic study has been conducted on the improvement of lithium storage performance of TP-COF anodes using different synthesis methods, with the aid of microwave ultrasonic coupling. The TP-COF prepared by microwave ultrasonic coupling (Mw-4@U) displays a cheese-shaped structure with a significant amount of enriched micropores. The charge–discharge profile of Mw-4@U demonstrates a remarkable reversible capacity of 1469.7 mA h g−1 after 120 cycles at the rate of 0.1 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin phosphide has gained extensive attention as a prospective anode for lithium/potassium ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, the fast capacity fading, which is induced by the huge volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity during cycling, severely restricts its practical applications. In this work, a SnP3–CNTs/KB composite with a SnP3 content as high as 90 wt% was successfully synthesized by a two-step ball milling method. SnP3 nanoparticles were tightly encapsulated in multi-geometric composite carbon layers to efficiently relieve the volume changes and enhance conductivity. Specifically, the resulting SnP3–CNTs/KB anode showed a specific capacity up to 998.6 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 50 mA g−1 and 810.4 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 1000 mA g−1 for lithium ion batteries. For potassium ion batteries, a high reversible capacity of 200.2 mA h g−1 was achieved after 200 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. This work affords a new insight for exploring excellent support structures of tin phosphide-based anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of Li–SOCl2 batteries in the 1970s as a high-energy-density battery system sparked considerable interest among researchers. However, limitations in the primary cell characteristics have restricted their potential for widespread adoption in today's sustainable society. Encouragingly, recent developments in alkali/alkaline-earth metal–Cl2 (AM–Cl2) batteries have shown impressive reversibility with high specific capacity and cycle performance, revitalizing the potential of SOCl2 batteries and becoming a promising technology surpassing current lithium-ion batteries. In this review, the emerging AM–Cl2 batteries are comprehensively summarized for the first time. The development history and advantages of Li–SOCl2 batteries are traced, followed by the critical working mechanisms for achieving high rechargeability. The design concepts of electrodes and electrolytes for AM–Cl2 batteries as well as key characterization techniques are also demonstrated. Furthermore, the current challenges and corresponding strategies, as well as future directions regarding the battery are systematically discussed. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the state-of-the-art AM–Cl2 battery technology and accelerate the development of practical AM–Cl2 batteries for next-generation high-energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) offer better theoretical energy densities and temperature stability, making them suitable alternatives to expensive Li-ion batteries. Major studies on FIBs operating at room temperature focus mainly on MSnF4 (M: Ba and Pb) solid electrolytes due to their favourable ionic conductivity values. PbSnF4 is the best fluoride ionic conductor known to date. However, it exhibits poor electrochemical stability. The present work demonstrates the development of TlSn2F5 through a single-step mechanical milling method. TlSn2F5 exhibits a better ionic conductivity value compared to the earlier reported various solid electrolytes, such as BaSnF4, KSn2F5, and La0.9Ba0.1F2.9, commonly considered for FIBs. Ionic transport number measurement using the dc polarization method indicates that TlSn2F5 is an ionic conductor. Furthermore, 19F NMR spectra measured at various temperatures demonstrate that the rise in conductivity with temperature is attributed to the rapid transport of fluoride ions. The present study indicates that TlSn2F5 can be utilized as a potential solid electrolyte for fabricating FIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanosize-controlled antimony oxides (Sb2O3) that can effectively scavenge fluoride species in a cell are incorporated into a PI separator to regulate its porous structure. The incorporation of the Sb2O3 layer onto the PI separator surface prevents the internal short circuit and efficiently removes fluoride species via chemical scavenging reactions, thereby resulting in stable cycling behaviors upon cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have received widespread attention for their large specific surface area, porous structure, and tunable particle size. MOFs can be utilized as precursors to prepare structurally diverse bimetallic oxides, which exhibit outstanding electrochemical properties as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This paper introduces the study of MOF-derived bimetallic oxides as anode materials for LIBs, focusing on the application of MOF-derived manganese-, cobalt-, iron-, and vanadium-based bimetallic oxides in LIBs. MOF-derived bimetallic oxides, with the advantages of tunable compositions and nano-structures, are capable of further contributing to the enhancement of electrochemical performances. Finally, the problems of these derived materials in the application of LIBs are prospected, and reliable solutions and future development prospects are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as an advanced electrochemical energy storage technology with potential to alleviate the dependence on lithium resources. Similar to Li-ion batteries, the cathode materials play a decisive role in the cost and energy output of SIBs. Among various cathode materials, Na layered transition-metal (TM) oxides have become an appealing choice owing to their facile synthesis, high Na storage capacity/voltage that are suitable for use in high-energy SIBs, and high adaptivity to the large-scale manufacture of Li layered oxide analogues. However, going from the lab to the market, the practical use of Na layered oxide cathodes is limited by the ambiguous understanding of the fundamental structure-performance correlation of cathode materials and lack of customized material design strategies to meet the diverse demands in practical storage applications. In this review, we attempt to clarify the fundamental misunderstandings by elaborating the correlations between the electron configuration of the critical capacity-contributing elements (e.g., TM cations and oxygen anion) in oxides and their influence on the Na (de)intercalation (electro)chemistry and storage properties of the cathode. Subsequently, we discuss the issues that hinder the practical use of layered oxide cathodes, their origins and the corresponding strategies to address their issues and accelerate the target-oriented research and development of cathode materials. Finally, we discuss several new Na layered cathode materials that show prospects for next-generation SIBs, including layered oxides with anion redox and high entropy and highlight the use of layered oxides as cathodes for solid-state SIBs with higher energy and safety. In summary, we aim to offer insights into the rational design of high-performance Na layered oxide cathode materials towards the practical realization of sustainable electrochemical energy storage at a low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of commercially available alloy-based Si anodes is hindered by rapid capacity degradation caused by volume expansion and poor rate performance stemming from their semiconductor properties. To address these challenges, we propose a Si surface modification layer for stress-relieving coupled with enhancing electrical conductivity through multiphase composite design. We prepare a scalable micro- and nano-multiphase composite Si-based anode by wet milling low-cost micro-Si and employing a heat treatment process. In this design, a SiOx layer was introduced on the Si surface by wet milling using a pitch–ethanol solution. The pitch, tetra-n-butyl titanate (TBOT) and LiOH as a precursor were introduced to obtain Ti2O3 and LiTiO2. Combined with graphite to inhibit the internal micro-Si expansion and enhance the ionic transport capacity, the synthesized Si-based composites have an initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of up to 82% and a high rate performance when used as an anode. Remarkably, the synthesized composite structure with the optimized Ti-source maintains a commendable capacity retention of 51.3% over 400 cycles, with a negligible capacity loss of 0.12% per cycle. This equates to a capacity of 396.7 mA h g−1, which surpasses the theoretical specific capacity of current commercial graphite anodes. These findings underscore the significant improvement in Li-ion diffusion and electrochemical performance achieved by introducing multiphase composite structures into micro-Si materials. Moreover, the straightforward preparation process demonstrates considerable potential for industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high-energy density and ensuring cycling stability in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) pose significant challenges in the context of both environmentally friendly and commercial applications. Layered transition metal oxides (LTMOs) are attracting increasing attention as cathode materials for state-of-the-art performance LIBs. However, the application of such positive electrode materials is still limited by their sluggish redox kinetics and huge volume changes. Herein, we demonstrate a high quality, unique crystalline, smart surface coating of polypyrrole (PPy) over hexagonal molybdenum trioxide nanorods (h-MoO3 NRs), with a length of 3–5 μm and diameter of 175–200 nm. Crystalline h-MoO3 nanorods (NRs) with a coating of polypyrrole were synthesized by multiple steps, sonication, heating, autoclaving, and polymerization. During the cycling process, the coating of PPy not only avoids or hinders the dissipation of Mo ions and mitigates large changes in volume but also exhibits admirable conductive binder function between the particles to increase the contact. As a result, the PPy@h-MoO3 NR electrodes manifest an initial discharge-specific capacity of 954 mA h g−1, with a Coulombic efficiency of 98%. Notably, even after 100 cycles, PPy@h-MoO3 NRs demonstrate a specific capacity of 905 mA h g−1 with a remarkable capacity retention of 95% for LIBs, showcasing ultra-high capacity and excellent cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A heterostructure composed of ZIF-67-derived nitrogen and cobalt-doped carbon enfolded silicon (C@Si) nanoparticles anchored on 2D MXene layers was constructed for boosting the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The heterostructure anode demonstrated a high initial discharge capacity of 3021 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, retaining outstanding cycling stability with a reversible capacity of 520 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1, and the coulombic efficiency remained above 97% after 500 cycles. The introduced Ti3C2 nanosheets and the cobalt-doped carbon can not only contribute to the interfacial transfer of Li+ and electrons but also buffer the volume expansion of Si. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, the proliferation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as pivotal energy storage solutions has surged dramatically. However, this widespread adoption has come with a significant downside: the accumulation of substantial quantities of discarded LIBs. From the perspective of green production and industrial development, the problem of recycling spent LIBs urgently needs to be addressed. Based on the physicochemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as well as their potential in LIB recycling, this paper proposes the concept of the Ionic Liquid System, including ILs and DESs. The aim is to systematically outline the application of the Ionic Liquid System in the LIB recycling industry. Ionic Liquid System reagents are considered environmentally friendly green solvents due to their biodegradability. Here, we discuss laboratory research on the recovery of spent LIBs using similar system solvents based on studies reported over the past decade and categorize recent laboratory work, while evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the application of the Ionic Liquid System. This article explicitly provides an effective reference for recycling spent LIBs through the Ionic Liquid System and prospects for future work on recycling spent lithium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a landmark technology, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have a significant position in human life, whose cathodes are important components and play a pivotal role in the overall battery performance. Among the mainstream cathode materials, LiFePO4 (LFP) is deemed to be a suitable candidate as the power source for electric vehicles (EVs) owing to its abundant resource, low cost, and high safety, whose subpar electronic/ion conductivity remains a fatal demerit. To cope with these issues, relentless endeavours have been dedicated to synthetic route optimisation and modification of bulk LFP. In this regard, this paper evaluates the synthetic routes (solid-state, sol–gel, hydro/solvothermal, and co-precipitation methods) and modification methodologies (surface modification, morphological engineering, and cation doping) of LFP materials beginning with their fundamental mechanism in lithium storage. To better direct the design and development of LFP-based electrodes, the advantages and challenges of various synthetic/modification methods are proposed by case analysis. Finally, perspectives on the future development of LFP materials and LFP-based LIBs are envisaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy storage devices with high power and energy density are in demand owing to the rapidly growing population, and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are promising rechargeable energy storage devices. However, there are many issues associated with the development of electrode materials with a high theoretical capacity, which need to be addressed before their commercialization. Extensive research has focused on the modification and structural design of electrode materials, which are usually expensive and sophisticated. Besides, polymer binders are pivotal components for maintaining the structural integrity and stability of electrodes in LIBs. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is a commercial binder with superior electrochemical stability, but its poor adhesion, insufficient mechanical properties, and low electronic and ionic conductivity hinder its wide application as a high-capacity electrode material. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in developing different polymeric materials (based on natural polymers and synthetic non-conductive and electronically conductive polymers) as binders for the anodes and cathodes in LIBs. The influence of the mechanical, adhesion, and self-healing properties as well as electronic and ionic conductivity of polymers on the capacity, capacity retention, rate performance and cycling life of batteries is discussed. Firstly, we analyze the failure mechanisms of binders based on the operation principle of lithium-ion batteries, introducing two models of "interface failure" and "degradation failure". More importantly, we propose several binder parameters applicable to most lithium-ion batteries and systematically consider and summarize the relationships between the chemical structure and properties of the binder at the molecular level. Subsequently, we select silicon and sulfur active electrode materials as examples to discuss the design principles of the binder from a molecular structure point of view. Finally, we present our perspectives on the development directions of binders for next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. We hope that this review will guide researchers in the further design of novel efficient binders for lithium-ion batteries at the molecular level, especially for high energy density electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose fiber membranes have been of great interest in the battery research community due to their excellent electrolyte affinity and thermal stability. However, they have long been plagued by issues such as unevenly distributed large pores and poor mechanical strength. In this study, we employed a unique method combining cellulose partial dissolution, phase separation, and in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) to optimize the pore structure of cellulose fiber membranes, and successfully fabricated a uniform nanoporous cellulose composite membrane. The optimized cellulose composite membrane demonstrated outstanding performance, including higher porosity (63.7%), electrolyte absorption (432%), and ion conductivity (1.43 mS cm−1), lower interfacial resistance (87 Ω), and lower desolvation activation energy (56.1 KJ mol−1). ZIF nanoparticles as an anion-sorbent grown on the nanoporous surface can enhance lithium-ion transportation and alleviate the decomposition of anions. Most importantly, the LiFePO4/membrane/Li cell assembled with this cellulose composite membrane showed excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 95% after 300 cycles at a current density of 1C. We anticipate that this work could promote the applications of sustainable cellulose fiber membranes in the battery industry in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dihydrophenazine (DHP)-based cathode electrode materials have been considered as distinctive candidates for next-generation green batteries. However, limited efficient and cost-effective synthetic approaches are available so far. Herein, two ester-linked DHP-polymers (PPDC and PPTC) are effectively achieved through typical esterification reactions from industrial waste product phenazine. As cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, PPDC and PPTC exhibit superior performance with high specific capacities up to 180 and 120 mA h g−1, respectively, at a current density of 0.2 A g−1, long-term cycling stability (capacity remains of 109 and 78 mA h g−1, respectively, after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g−1), and high rate capability (141 and 64 mA h g−1, respectively, at 2 A g−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we explore the utilization of biomass-derived proteins, specifically from egg whites, as a novel carbon source for crafting silicon/nitrogen-doped carbon composites, aimed at overcoming the significant volume expansion issues associated with silicon electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Egg whites, known for their high protein content, offer a sustainable reservoir of carbon and nitrogen, essential for enhancing the electrochemical performance of silicon-based electrodes. Leveraging the unique structural transformation induced by whipping egg whites—resulting in a foamy material with distinct properties—we blend this with micron-sized silica powder. This mixture is then subjected to a straightforward carbonization process, yielding silicon–carbon composites enveloped in nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon layers. Our findings demonstrate that these Si–N–PC composites, when used as anodes in LIBs, deliver a commendable reversible capacity of 814 mA h g−1 over 100 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. The incorporation of nitrogen-doped carbon layers significantly improves lithium-ion diffusion, mechanical stability, and overall electrochemical performance of the electrode material. This approach not only simplifies the production process but also aligns with environmentally friendly practices. Given these results, we posit that our method could serve as a viable blueprint for the mass production of next-generation energy materials, addressing both performance and sustainability concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature sintering is crucial to achieve good crystallinity and fast-ion conduction in oxide-type solid-electrolytes such as lithium garnets, NASICONs and LISICONs, leading to stiff ceramics which are difficult to integrate in all-solid-state batteries. Developing conventional oxide-based solid-electrolytes in deformable forms that maintain good ion transport properties and allow facile formulation of bulk-type solid-state batteries, hence, remains a challenge. Here, a new γ-Li3PO4/GeO2 composite, that adopts a novel nanostructured architecture and retains deformability after calcination at 500 °C, is successfully synthesized and densified by cold-pressing. Cold-pressed pellets of the new composite showed an ion conductivity that is four orders of magnitude higher than that of the parent γ-Li3PO4 and comparable to those of high-temperature stiff Li3+xP1−xGexO4 ceramics. The γ-Li3PO4/GeO2 composite is stable against high voltages (up to 5 V vs Li+/Li), which suggests a safe use in contact with high-voltage cathodes. The new composite can also be modified to serve as an active anode layer in solid-state cells due to the electrochemical activity of GeO2 at low voltages (<1 V vs. Li+/Li). This study emphasizes the potential of using low-temperature synthesis to develop novel oxide-based nanoarchitectures for all-solid-state battery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely applied to recover spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); however, developing effective and efficient systems for cathode leaching via the traditional trial-and-error method requires substantial efforts. This work aims to accelerate the discovery of novel promising DESs by leveraging the conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN). Three databases were constructed: (i) DESs leaching cathodes, (ii) DESs leaching metal oxides, and (iii) DES properties. The absolute Spearman's rank correlation and agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis ensured the selection of an optimal feature set for building predictive models. An XGBoost model was developed, achieving remarkable performance (R2 = 0.9702, MSE = 0.0007) in predicting cathode solubility in DESs. We employed the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) method to quantify the importance of acidity, coordination, and reducibility of DESs and provide insights into further research. To accelerate time-consuming investigational procedures, a CGAN model was established, rapidly identifying promising DESs like ChCl : Glycolic acid, with excellent agreement between predictions and experimental results. This study offers a general data analysis framework for other metal oxides (e.g., CuxO, FexOy, ZnO) leaching using DESs, enabling accurate solubility prediction and deepening the understanding of cathode leaching mechanisms. The CGAN model significantly accelerates the development of a DES-based process for lithium-ion cathode recycling, saving development time and effort. Overall, this work facilitates the efficient discovery and development of effective DESs for the recovery of valuable metals from spent LIB cathodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are applied in nearly every aspect of our daily life. However, the increasing number of spent LIBs (S-LIBs) poses a great threat to the environment. Thus, to protect the environment and preserve limited lithium resources, it is necessary to recycle S-LIBs. In this review, we initially provide a brief introduction on the structure and degradation mechanism of LIBs and pretreatment of S-LIBs. Subsequently, we highlight the recent advancements in the development of recycling the cathode of S-LIBs, including its direct, hydrometallurgical, and pyrometallurgical recovery. The advantages and disadvantages of each recycling process are also discussed from the viewpoint of the environment and economy. In addition, we also introduce the recycling of S-LIBs through a green and environmentally friendly process of treating waste with waste. Finally, the overall perspective of this technology and areas requiring particular attention in the future are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Batteries are the main component of many electrical systems, and due to the elevated consumption of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, they are the dominant and most rapidly growing energy storage technology. Consequently, they are set to play a crucial role in meeting the goal of cutting greenhouse gas emissions to achieve more sustainable societies. In this critical report, a rational basic-to-advanced compilation study of the effectiveness, techno-feasibility, and sustainability aspects of innovative greener manufacturing technologies and processes that deliver each battery component (anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, and separators) is accomplished, aiming to improve battery safety and the circularity of end-products. Special attention is given to biomass-derived anode materials and bio-based separators utilization that indicates excellent prospects considering green chemistry, greener binders, and energy storage applications. To fully reach this potential, one of the most promising ways to achieve sustainable batteries involves biomass-based electrodes and non-flammable and non-toxic electrolytes used in lithium-ion batteries and other chemistries, where the potential of a greener approach is highly beneficial, and challenges are addressed. The crucial obstacles related to the successful fabrication of greener batteries and potential future research directions are highlighted. Bridging the gap between fundamental and experimental research will provide critical insights and explore the potential of greener batteries as one of the frontrunners in the uptake of sustainability and value-added products in the battery markets of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt substitution for manganese sites in Na0.44MnO2 initiates a dynamic structural evolution process, yielding a composite cathode material comprising intergrown P2 and P3 phases. The novel P2/P3 composite cathode exhibits a reversible phase transition process during Na+ extraction/insertion, showcasing its attractive battery performance in sodium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Si/C composite material is a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high capacity. However, it also exhibits significant initial capacity loss in a full cell due to the unstable SEI. To compensate for the loss of Li inventory, a pre-lithiation reagent, Li5FeO4 (LFO), is incorporated into the LiNi0.85Co0.12Mn0.03O2 (NCM85E) cathode for electrochemical evaluation. The results show that with the addition of LFO, the initial discharge capacity of SiC950/NCM85E full cells can increase from 151.0 mA h g−1 to 193.4 mA h g−1 by 28.1% with a high cathode loading up to about 20 mg cm−2. After 200 cycles, the specific capacity also increased by 25.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]