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With the ongoing global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emission and dependence on oil, electrical energy storage (EES) devices such as Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors have become ubiquitous. Today, EES devices are entering the broader energy use arena and playing key roles in energy storage, transfer, and delivery within, for example, electric vehicles, large-scale grid storage, and sensors located in harsh environmental conditions, where performance at temperatures greater than 25 °C are required. The safety and high temperature durability are as critical or more so than other essential characteristics (e.g., capacity, energy and power density) for safe power output and long lifespan. Consequently, significant efforts are underway to design, fabricate, and evaluate EES devices along with characterization of device performance limitations such as thermal runaway and aging. Energy storage under extreme conditions is limited by the material properties of electrolytes, electrodes, and their synergetic interactions, and thus significant opportunities exist for chemical advancements and technological improvements. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of different applications associated with high temperature use (40–200 °C), recent advances in the development of reformulated or novel materials (including ionic liquids, solid polymer electrolytes, ceramics, and Si, LiFePO4, and LiMn2O4 electrodes) with high thermal stability, and their demonstrative use in EES devices. Finally, we present a critical overview of the limitations of current high temperature systems and evaluate the future outlook of high temperature batteries with well-controlled safety, high energy/power density, and operation over a wide temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ionic polymeric network based on a disulfide diphosphonium ionic liquid and a tetraanion was designed and studied in order to explore two self-assembly strategies: weak covalent bonds and ionic interactions. When the disulfide diphosphonium ionic liquid was complexed with a multianion, a crosslinked network structure was obtained. By applying external stimuli such as temperature or inducing a mild redox reaction, the network could be disrupted. The disruption/formation of the network is reversible. The thermal, rheological and electrochemical properties were also studied to further characterize these materials and to better understand the resulting structure–property relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nanoporous all-solid-state MOF-laden polymer electrolyte that is simply mediated by an electronic effect shows remarkably high lithium electrodeposition stability of hundreds of charge–discharge cycles and over 1500 operating hours, while maintaining a very small voltage polarization. This result is a significant improvement relative to conventional PEO and, when used in an all-solid-state battery (ASSB), this electrolyte enabled enhanced cycle life. This new all-solid-state electrolyte shows a promising rational design for the emerging microporous polymeric materials as novel SPEs in ASSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and physicochemical properties of a series of non-flammable, thermally stable alkyl ether containing piperidinium ionic liquid electrolytes, containing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, are described along with the superior performance of a lithium-ion supercapacitor containing a piperidinium electrolyte compared to a standard carbonate-based electrolyte at 100 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]