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A lead-free double perovskite (Cs2AgBiBr6) has recently attracted intense interest for optoelectronic applications owing to its non-toxicity, high stability, and high detection sensitivity. The current goal for the commercial application of perovskite optoelectronic devices is to achieve their large-scale production, while maintaining high performance similar to those produced on a small-scale. Photoluminescence (PL) mapping and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) mapping measurements have shown that grain boundaries are the dominant non-radiative recombination sites. By reducing the grain boundaries, thin films of Cs2AgBiBr6 with larger grain sizes can effectively suppress non-radiative recombination, which shows promise for good performance in photodetector applications. In this study, high-quality, large-area (∼10 cm2) Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite crystal thin films were synthesized via a one-step blade-coating method under ambient conditions. As a result, photoconductors, based on high-quality Cs2AgBiBr6 films, exhibited a specific responsivity, R, of 14.47 A W−1 and a high detectivity (D*) of 5.25 × 1013 Jones. In addition, the unpackaged devices retained 92% of their initial photoresponsivity after exposure to ambient conditions (humidity ≈ 65%, temperature ≈ 25 °C) for four weeks. The results show that the low-cost blade-coating technique under ambient conditions is an effective approach for the fabrication of large-area Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite thin films, thus paving the way toward the development of environmentally friendly and high-performance optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc–air battery-based desalination (ZABD) is a potential solution to effectively desalinate brackish water and supply energy simultaneously, which requires catalysts with high and durable electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode of zinc–air batteries. Herein, a N-doped hierarchically porous carbon material encapsulating Co/Fe3O4 nanoparticles was successfully prepared using zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as the precursor. Due to the integration of large specific surface area, hierarchically porous structure, and Co/Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the Co/Fe3O4@ZIF-8C catalyst exhibits a limiting current density of 5.93 mA cm−2 and a half-wave potential of 0.83 V, which is comparable to that of commercial platinum/carbon (Pt/C). It also presents outstanding durability and methanol endurance, superior to the Pt/C catalyst. More importantly, Co/Fe3O4@ZIF-8C achieved the dual functions of a fast salt removal rate (32.9 μg cm−2 min−1) and high energy output (91.6 KJ mol−1) when employed as the cathode catalyst of ZABD, which can process brine of 3000 ppm to a drinking water level of 128 ppm. The employment of Co/Fe3O4@ZIF-8C enables ZABD to possess stable batch cyclability and durable desalination performance. This is the first time that a non-noble metal catalyst has been applied in ZABD, realizing an outstanding desalination performance comparable to that of commercial Pt/C. Accordingly, the high-efficiency and low-cost ORR catalytic material provided by this work has significant application prospects in seawater desalination and metal–air discharge batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials hold tremendous promise for post-Si nanoelectronics due to their unique optical and electrical properties. Significant advances have been achieved in device fabrication and synthesis routes for 2D nanoelectronics over the past decade; however, one major bottleneck preventing their immediate applications has been the lack of a reproducible approach for growing wafer-scale single-crystal films despite tremendous progress in recent experimental demonstrations. In this tutorial review, we provide a systematic summary of the critical factors—including crystal/substrate symmetry and energy consideration—necessary for synthesizing single-orientation 2D layers. In particular, we focus on the discussions of the atomic edge-guided epitaxial growth, which assists in unidirectional nucleation for the wafer-scale growth of single-crystal 2D layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The typical flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) device uses carbon materials as flow electrodes in aqueous conditions. The low salt removal rate and high energy consumption have hindered further development. In this study, we propose an organic redox flow electrode in FCDI to achieve a quick salt removal process and low energy consumption. The organic medium, i.e., acetonitrile, containing 50 mM NaI/30 mM I2 electrolyte as the redox couples replaces the conventional water-based electrolyte. With the addition of 3 wt% multi-wall carbon nanotubes with the –NH2 group, the highest desalination rate of 6.8 μg cm−2 s−1 could be achieved at a current density of 13 mA cm−2, which is the highest desalination rate in capacitive deionization systems applied to date. Furthermore, the electrical energy consumption is reduced to zero when using the light illumination on the semiconductor as the driving force. The high-performance FCDI device based on the organic redox electrodes is of great significance for the practical desalination application at a low energy cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) are attractive advanced devices but their use is currently limited by multiple challenges, including the absence of ambipolar emissive organic semiconductors and difficulty in achieving balanced ambipolar transport toward high efficiency. Here, we show that efficient ambipolar OLETs can be obtained using a high hole mobility organic semiconductor, 2,6-diphenylanthracene (DPA) via energy-level engineering. Both electron and hole charge injection barriers, Vth,h and Vth,e were significantly reduced leading to a narrower ambipolar regime and high and balanced ambipolar transport. The OLETs exhibited efficient and stable light emission in their conducting channel not in the vicinity of electrodes. Moreover, the excellent consistency of the maximum electroluminescence intensity and minimum source–drain current of the OLETs resulted in high external quantum efficiency at low voltage, providing solid evidence for the efficient charge recombination in these devices under ambipolar conditions. This result suggests the importance of achieving ambipolar charge transport with a narrowed ambipolar regime for high-efficiency OLETs and their related integrated optoelectronic devices/circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum dot (QD)-based materials have been employed to enhance thermodynamic and kinetic properties of electrochemical reactions for energy storage and engineering. Nonetheless, the high reactivity, chemical instability, material agglomeration and low electrical conductivity of QDs are still the main challenges in their large-scale application. In this review, we compiled the state-of-the-art research activities on QD-carbonaceous-based nanohybrids in rechargeable energy storage applications, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) and supercapacitors. In addition, the corresponding storage mechanisms of representative examples are discussed, and perspectives on future research directions are provided to facilitate further innovation and research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncontrolled dendrite formation induces inferior electrochemical performance in sodium metal and even severe safety issues, resulting in metallic sodium anode being unsuitable for practical applications. Herein, an artificial reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube (rGO/CNT) microlattice aerogel was constructed using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and further adopted as a sodium metal host. With its specially designed architecture, the 3D rGO/CNT microlattice aerogel can effectively reduce the local current density and provide abundant active nucleation sites, resulting in homogeneous sodium deposition to overcome the issue of dendrite formation. As a result, the Na@rGO/CNT microlattice anode enables an areal capacity of 1 mA h cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2 with a small nucleation overpotential of 17.8 mV, with a stable cycling performance for 640 cycles at a high current density of 8 mA cm−2. The experimental and simulation results show that the improved performance can be attributed to the rational design of the hierarchical rGO/CNT microlattice aerogel with tuned surface kinetics. Finally, a full battery using a 3D Na@rGO/CNT microlattice as an anode was assembled and delivered a capacity of 67.6 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. Our results demonstrate that the 3D printed rGO/CNT microlattice aerogel is a promising candidate as a sodium metal host for future generation of sodium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desalination techniques, such as reverse osmosis, distillation, capacitive deionization, and battery desalination, require lots of electrical or thermal energy consumption. Herein, we propose a consumption-free electrochemical desalination method based on a light-driven photocathode with a Pt/CdS/Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)/Mo architecture. Modification of a CdS layer on CZTS can improve the desalination performance due to the formation of inner p–n junction between CdS and CZTS which enhances the separation of the photoexcited carriers without recombination. This photocathode-assisted electrodialysis desalination plays the dual functions of both energy conversion and ion removal with the blocking of ion exchange membranes. The [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox couples are recirculated between the anode and photo-cathode as the electrolyte while the salt streams are fed into the middle compartment. Under light illumination, this architecture produces photo-generated electrons to the redox couples with the conversion of [Fe(CN)6]3− to [Fe(CN)6]4− at the positive chamber, causing cation capture in the presence of an ion-exchange membrane. At the same time, [Fe(CN)6]4− is oxidized at the negative reservoir. The light-driven electrochemical reaction of electrolyte redox couples can result in a continuous desalination process. This work will be significant for consumption-free photoelectrochemical desalination research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li-ion capacitors (LICs) are seen as promising energy devices that combine the advantages of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs). However, it is challenging for LICs to achieve high energy densities at high power densities due to the mismatch between the kinetic properties of the LIB-type anode and the SC-type cathode. Herein, we constructed a symmetric LIC (SLIC) with both high power and energy densities by boosting the electrochemical insertion and capacitive adsorption in carbon-based electrodes. Density functional theory calculations combined with the experimental results proved that the excellent electrochemical performances are due to our well-prepared carbon that has a high content of heteroatom dopants (S and N), large surface area with porosity and enlarged interlayer space. These properties endow the carbon with high electrical conductivity, abundant active sites, reduced Li+ diffusion barrier, as well as rapid ion transport and large ion storage in both the anode and cathode. As a result, the assembled SLIC can deliver a high energy density of 222.9 W h kg−1 at 275 W kg−1. Even at an ultrahigh power density of 93.8 kW kg−1, with a discharging time of 0.32 s, the SLIC can still maintain an energy density of 8.3 W h kg−1, as well as an ultralong cycle life (0.0026% energy decay per cycle over 10 000 cycles at 5 kW kg−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead halide perovskites are emerging as important candidates for many photoelectric applications; however, the toxicity of the heavy metal Pb poses a barrier to such applications. Thus, intense research efforts have been directed to developing lead-free photoelectric materials. Here, we report on the synthesis and transformation of the cesium copper halides Cs3Cu2I5 and CsCu2I3. These Cu based halide compounds are synthesized through a rapid antisolvent crystallization process with the use of isopropanol. The Cs3Cu2I5 has blue emission at 445 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼81.7 nm; CsCu2I3 has a yellow emission at 575 nm with a FWHM of ∼119.9 nm. Notably, these two compounds can be interconverted through mechanochemical reactions. Therefore, standard white light emission can be obtained from a mixture of these two halides at an appropriate ratio and a white light emitting diode device is fabricated. We report a convenient route for rapid synthesis and easy tuning of Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates to achieve white light emission. These findings might promote the large-scale synthesis of lead-free all-inorganic compounds for future applications in optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband photodetectors are critical to modern industrial systems and scientific applications and have attracted broad attention in recent years. In this paper, high quality single-crystal Bi2S3 nanobelts were prepared by using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The Bi2S3 nanobelts were further used as photosensitive materials for broadband photo-detection. The as-grown Bi2S3 nanobelts exhibit ultrahigh absorption coefficiency in the ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR) range. The photodetectors based on a single Bi2S3 nanobelt showed excellent broadband photoresponse performance in the UV to NIR range (from 300 to 1000 nm), including high photoresponsivity up to 201 A W−1, an ultrafast response speed of ∼50 μs, a high external quantum efficiency of 31 140% and a high detectivity of 2.7 × 1010 Jones. The superior performance can be attributed to the ultrahigh absorption coefficiency of Bi2S3 nanobelts, as well as the Schottky contact between the Bi2S3 nanobelt and the Au electrode. The present work suggests that the single-crystal Bi2S3 nanobelts possess great potential for the fabrication of high performance broadband photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising energy storage system, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are attracting increasing attention but still limited by the sluggish reaction kinetics and shuttle effect caused by the dissolution of lithium polysulfides. Herein, a significant improvement of conversion kinetics and areal sulfur loading is achieved using an ordered microchannel graphene scaffold with incorporated catalytic Fe3O4 nanocrystals and porous carbon as a multifunctional sulfur host. The synergy between the polar catalytic Fe3O4 nanocrystals and porous carbon frameworks enables a strong polysulfide anchoring effect and a fast polysulfide conversion rate. Thus, the 3D ternary Fe3O4/porous carbon/graphene aerogel demonstrates an ultrahigh rate performance of 755 mA h g−1 at 3C and a high areal capacity of 6.24 mA h cm−2 at a sulfur loading of 7.7 mg cm−2. Moreover, the promoted reaction kinetics and reliable cyclability are revealed by the visible evolution of polysulfides using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the enhanced chemical anchoring of polysulfides is disclosed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work provides a promising approach to develop multifunctional ordered porous aerogels with metal oxide nanocrystals for high-performance Li–S batteries, especially those which suffer from low sulfur loading and inferior rate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With intense interest in lead halide perovskites for flexible optoelectronic applications, shape-controlled preparation of fibrous perovskites with high stress tolerance is desirable. We report a template synthesis method for obtaining fibrous perovskite materials, by using the capillary effect of a precursor solution. Fibrous yarn bundles, which are highly flexible and can be knitted into various patterns, are used as a template to form MAPbI3 with controllable dimensionality and morphology. On the basis of this, we further design and successfully obtain a “quasi-spring” like network based flexible photodetector. The device exhibits impressive photoelectric characteristics, that is, an ON/OFF ratio of ∼4.5 × 104, a fast photo-response speed (trise∼ 4 ms and tdecay∼ 10 ms at an illumination density of 80 mW cm−2), and a detectivity of 2.2 × 1011 Jones (at an illumination density of 10 μW cm−2). Furthermore, the device exhibits a minute photocurrent attenuation after 200 bending cycles, and is able to work stably even in a twisted state at 180°. This work provides a method for the controllable growth of perovskite materials, which will yield promising opportunities for constructing integrated crooked and different dimensional perovskites and optoelectronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deionization using electrochemical redox reactions has potentially been the latest desalination technique with high salt removal capacity and lower energy cost due to high capacity of electrode materials and electrochemical energy release. Herein, we presented a metal-free continuous electrodialysis desalination technology, which could directly desalt feed water at high concentrations to drinking water level during continuous treatment with unlimited salt removal capacity. The device consists of a recirculating 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) stream between the flowing positive and negative electrodes in series and the salt feed stream. During the charging process, the flowing TEMPO was oxidized at the positive reservoir, where the anion in the feed was captured through the anion exchange membrane, whereas the TEMPO recovery at the negative reservoir drove the cation removal in the feed through the cation exchange membrane by its reduction. Due to the redox reaction of TEMPO between the cyclical flow electrode streams, it acts as a “catalyst”, and the salt ions in the middle feed are continuously extracted. Our experiments demonstrate that feed water with a 5860 ppm salt concentration can be directly desalted to 136 ppm, a drinking water level, in a single batch treatment during the continuous charging process (salt removal of up to 97.7%). Furthermore, a three-membrane device was demonstrated to stop the salt concentration increase in the TEMPO electrode reservoirs; thus, fully continuous cycling of the TEMPO catalyst was realized without any salt change in the electrode reservoirs. Our research will provide a route for metal-free continuous desalination based on the molecular redox mediator of the electrode material and can be applied directly in open air environment and room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous and hollow Ni0.9Fe0.1Ox microspheres assembled from 2D nanosheets exhibit excellent bifunctional activity for both urea oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, in which the potential for overall urea splitting is 1.455 V at 10 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nickel complex, [Ni(TMC)(CH3CN)](NO3)2 (TMC = 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, 1), was found to be an efficient water oxidation catalyst in pH 7 phosphate buffer. It exhibits pseudo first order kinetics in electrochemical water oxidation with a catalytic rate of 9.95 s−1, the highest rate for nickel WOCs at neutral pH. Complex 1 also shows superior catalytic activity with respect to that of a copper analogue, [Cu(TMC)(H2O)](NO3)2, under the same conditions. Kinetic studies indicate a more than one order of magnitude rate acceleration with the added bases due to an atom-proton transfer (APT) pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stability is one of the major challenges of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials (APbX3, where A = MA+, FA+ and Cs+, and X = I−, Br− and Cl−, respectively) in optoelectronic device applications. APbX3 materials are extremely sensitive to temperature, humidity and oxygen. Although degradation of the materials caused by oxygen and moisture could be partially solved by encapsulation techniques, further improving the stability of perovskites under external heat is still demanding. Generally, APbX3 would decompose into AX and PbX2 at the early stage, when it is in a high-temperature environment. In this contribution, we demonstrated that pressure can reinforce the thermal stability of MAPbX3, by promoting the reverse reaction. The stability reinforcement of MAPbI3 by mechanical forces was found to be more effective compared with that of MAPbBr3/MAPbCl3. Furthermore, we carried out quantitative research to mimic pressure induced reverse reactions, through dry-grinding the powder mixtures of equimolar PbX2 and AX. We found that the conversion yields and reaction paths were dramatically different depending on the type of organic-cation (A) and halide (X). APbI3, CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3 can be directly and completely synthesized by the dry grinding method, and thus they are more promising candidates for material recovery by external forces. Meanwhile, it was found that CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3 crystalize via Cs4PbX6 (X = Br or Cl) intermediate states. Our results provide a robust strategy for the specific design of perovskite material based optoelectronic devices, especially for applications demanding better stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are proposed as alternatives to the current widely used lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to the abundance of battery-grade sodium sources in nature. However, the search for suitable high-performance electrode materials for SIBs continues to remain a significant challenge. Herein, we report a hybrid nanoarchitecture with nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs)-decorated WS2 nanosheets anchored on a porous three-dimensional carbon foam (NGQDs-WS2/3DCF) scaffold as the anode that enables long-term cycling and high rate capability for SIBs. Benefiting from the 3D robust porous interpenetrating framework and the NGQDs decoration, the NGQDs-WS2/3DCF nanoarchitecture exhibits a high rate capability with a capacity of 268.4 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1, and a long lifetime with an extraordinary capacity retention of 97.1% over 1000 cycles. Furthermore, the pseudocapacitance contributions of the NGQDs-WS2/3DCF nanoarchitecture are quantified by an in-depth kinetics analysis, which provides a better understanding of the excellent electrochemical performances. Remarkably, a cable-shaped flexible full SIB was also demonstrated using NGQDs-WS2/3DCF as the anode electrode, which exhibits high capacity and excellent flexibility. The nanoarchitecture fabrication approach and the surface engineering strategy as well as the demonstrated cable-shaped configuration may open an avenue for the development of wearable SIBs with high performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years there have been many breakthroughs in two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, among which the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) attract significant attention owing to their unusual properties associated with their strictly defined dimensionalities. TMD materials with a generalized formula of MX2, where M is a transition metal and X is a chalcogen, represent a diverse and largely untapped source of 2D systems. Semiconducting TMD monolayers such as MoS2, MoSe2, WSe2 and WS2 have been demonstrated to be feasible for future electronics and optoelectronics. The exotic electronic properties and high specific surface areas of 2D TMDs offer unlimited potential in various fields including sensing, catalysis, and energy storage applications. Very recently, the chemical vapour deposition technique (CVD) has shown great promise to generate high-quality TMD layers with a scalable size, controllable thickness and excellent electronic properties. Wafer-scale deposition of mono to few layer TMD films has been obtained. Despite the initial success in the CVD synthesis of TMDs, substantial research studies on extending the methodology open up a new way for substitution doping, formation of monolayer alloys and producing TMD stacking structures or superlattices. In this tutorial review, we will introduce the latest development of the synthesis of monolayer TMDs by CVD approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 3D hierarchical structure in catalysts not only the preserves intrinsic characteristics of each component, but also achieves increased specific surface area and active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we report a new strategy to synthesize efficient 3D hierarchical catalysts composed of Mo 2 C nanosheets and Co nanoparticles (H-Mo 2 C@Co). It was realized by using raw materials, defect-rich MoO x , Co(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and 2-methylimidazole, to design Mo/Co bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (BMOFs), followed by pyrolysis at 800 °C. The defects in MoO x induced preferential nucleation and growth of the BMOFs so that they can ensure the construction of a stable 3D hierarchical structure. Mo 2 C and Co have a synergistic effect in improving the HER via providing large surface areas (351.5 m 2 g -1 ), more active sites and optimizing charge transfer. It can achieve 10 mA cm -2 at low overpotential over a wide pH range (144 mV in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and 103 mV in 1.0 M KOH) and the properties can be well maintained in both acid and alkaline electrolyte after 2000 cycles. The hierarchical catalyst contains no noble metal, can be synthesized on a large scale and recycled by magnetic stirring, demonstrating great potential in water splitting, wastewater treatment, dye adsorption and other fields., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Manganese oxide nanocrystals are of great interest for producing advanced high-performance lithium ion batteries owing to the shortened lithium ion diffusion length and accelerated interfacial charge transfer rate. Here we have developed a well-controlled generic method to synthesize monodisperse MnO nanocrystals, and present a comparative study regarding the effect of crystallite size on electrochemical stability. Nanocrystalline MnO with a size of about 10 nm shows the optimal lithium-storage performance. Notably, Mn-based nanocrystals retain their stable cyclability and excellent high-rate performance as both the anode and cathode. The all-nanocrystal MnO/C//LMO Li-ion full cells not only significantly improve the electrochemical properties of Mn-based materials but also open up avenues for the future development of various energy devices., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Transition metal oxide powders have been widely used as the growth precursors for monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) in chemical vapor deposition (CVD). It has been proposed that metal oxide precursors in the gas phase undergo a two-step reaction during CVD growth, where transition metal sub-oxides are likely formed first and then the sulfurization of these sub-oxides leads to the formation of TMDCs. However, the effects of stoichiometry of transition metal oxide precursors on the growth of TMDC monolayers have not been studied yet. In this contribution, we report the critical role of the WO 3 precursor pre-annealing process on the growth of WS 2 monolayers. Besides, several WO 3 precursors with different types of oxygen vacancies have also been prepared and investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory calculation. Among all the non-stoichiometric WO 3 precursors, thermally annealed WO 3 powder exhibits the highest oxygen vacancy concentration and produces WS 2 monolayers with significantly improved quality in terms of lateral size, density, and crystallinity. Our comprehensive study suggests that the chemical composition of transition metal oxide precursors would be fundamentally critical for the growth of large-area and high-quality WS 2 monolayers, which further pave the way for revealing their intrinsic properties and unique applications., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Electrical and optical properties of lateral monolayer WSe 2 -MoS 2 p-n heterojunctions were characterized to demonstrate a high responsivity of 0.26 A W -1 with an excellent omnidirectional photodetection capability. The heterojunction functioning as a diode exhibits a prominent gate-tuning behavior with an ideality factor of 1.25. In addition, ultrafast photoresponse, low-light detectability, and high-temperature operation have been achieved. These unique characteristics pave a way for the future development of sub-nano semiconductor devices.