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An unusual concentration quenching effect is caused by the anisotropic distribution of quenching centers in GdGaTi2O7:Eu3+.

Due to the presence of Nb5+, a Mn4+-doped compound (denoted as CNOFM) shows very good waterproof stability, even without any surface modification. Warm WLEDs with a high color rendering index have been fabricated using the CNOFM red phosphor.

Over the last two decades, suitable compositions have been investigated to make new phosphors because they are key materials for use in solid-state lighting and security applications. Aliovalent cations have different radii, electronegativity and valence states, and can thus be used to remarkably modify crystal structures. Here, we report a new Sr33Lu6(PO4)28 phase produced from Sr3(PO4)2via the method of aliovalent cation substitution. Density functional theory calculations were used to predict the possibility of the formation of a new phase when substituting three Sr2+ for two Lu3+ ions in the material. The new phase, Sr33Lu6(PO4)28, was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Different from the purple phosphor Sr3(PO4)2:Eu2+, Sr33Lu6(PO4)28:Eu2+ exhibits broad green emission under near-UV excitation due to the multi-site occupancy of Eu2+. Combining near-UV chip, blue, red and Sr33Lu6(PO4)28:Eu2+ green phosphors, a white light-emitting diode with a high colour rendering index (∼92) was made, with potential lighting applications. Additionally, a transparent security ink fabricated using the Sr33Lu6(PO4)28:Eu2+ phosphor shows high concealment and recognition. This work is not confined to the report of a new Sr33Lu6(PO4)28:Eu2+ phosphor and its corresponding applications; it is expected that aliovalent cation substitution will be useful as a general method for the discovery of new materials.

The discovery of novel single-phase and emission-tunable phosphors based on the strategy of Eu2+–Mn2+ energy transfer (ET) is a topic of ongoing interest due to the potential applications of near-ultraviolet (n-UV) converted white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). Herein, we developed a brand-new Eu2+/Mn2+-codoped Ca8ZnLu(PO4)7 (CZLP) phosphor and investigated its structural and luminescence properties in more detail for the purpose of verifying its single-phase and emission-tunability character. The crystal structure of CZLP and the preferential site occupations of the Eu2+ and Mn2+ dopants were identified and confirmed in the framework of the β-Ca3(PO4)2-type structure by combined simultaneous application of the Rietveld refinement and first-principles calculations. Moreover, the CZLP:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphors under an excitation of 360 nm exhibited color tuning from cyan (0.186, 0.292) to white (0.302, 0.273) with variation in the concentration ratio of Eu2+ to Mn2+. This tuning strategy to generate white light emission can be realized in our samples because of the Eu2+–Mn2+ ET process via predominant dipole–quadrupole interactions with a maximum ET efficiency of 65.55%. To finally evaluate the application potential of the as-synthesized phosphors, a WLED package was fabricated using a 360 nm n-UV chip and the optimal phosphor CZLP:0.03Eu2+,0.20Mn2+. The test results indicate that the obtained white-light device had a much better color rendering index (CRI ∼ 88.6) and correlated color temperature (CCT ∼ 4842 K) in comparison with the traditional combination of a blue light-emitting InGaN chip and Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphor.

Single-component white light phosphors with a broad and full color spectrum are urgently required to overcome residual problems with commercial phosphors. In this paper, we describe how Eu3+, as the dopant of Sr3ZnTa2O9 (SZT), plays an important role in structural modulation (including structural order-disorder and intrinsic oxygen defects), as demonstrated by electronic structural calculations and systematic experiments. Furthermore, D-5(0) F-7(2) emission of Eu3+ provides the red component of the emission spectrum and increases the color rendering index of SZT:Eu3+ phosphors. Consequently, the resulting phosphor SZT:10%Eu3+ shows significantly enhanced emission intensity, and its broadband emission covers the entire visible region from 400 nm to 720 nm. A fabricated LED device using a near-ultraviolet 370 nm chip coated with a single-component, the SZT:10%Eu3+ phosphor, shows warm white emission with a high color rendering index (R-a = 82).

(Ca1−x−yMgxSryCl2/SiO2):Eu2+ phosphors with intense violet-blue emission were synthesized through a high temperature solid-state reaction method. The colour of the emission is tunable from violet-blue to blue as well as to the violet spectral region by adjusting the concentration of Mg2+ or Sr2+, respectively. An abnormal shift in emission wavelength with the ratio of alkaline earth metal ions was observed and explained by combining electronegativity with the crystal field splitting equation. The UV light content in the emission spectra of (Ca0.8Mg0.2Cl2/SiO2):0.003Eu2+ was successfully reduced below 0.1%, thus providing a safer violet-blue light source for phototherapy. Moreover, the measurement results showed an emission band peaked at 440 nm with a full-width at half maximum of 40 nm under 343 nm excitation, which matches with the most effective range for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.156, 0.044) and an internal quantum efficiency of 41.7% were obtained. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra of (Ca0.8Mg0.2Cl2/SiO2):0.003Eu2+ were also presented. These excellent properties reveal that the violet-blue emitting phosphor could be a potential candidate in converting near-UV radiation to violet-blue emission for phototherapy when combined with UV LED chips.

Orthosilicate phosphors with desirable properties are used as commercial materials in the fields of lighting and display. Herein, a series of Ce3+ and Sm3+ singly- or doubly-doped CaSrSiO4 phosphors with charge compensations by co-doping of Na+ ions were successfully prepared using a conventional solid-state method and their crystal structures were determined from XRD profiles and refinement with the Rietveld method. Emphatically, Ce3+ or Sm3+ singly-doped CaSrSiO4 phosphors exhibited good photoluminescence properties. In doubly-doped phosphors, the red emission of Sm3+ was enhanced by energy transfer (ET) from Ce3+ to Sm3+ ions. The mechanism of ET was deduced to be dipole–dipole interaction using the Inokuti–Hirayama (I–H) model. The red emission intensity of Ca0.97Sr0.97Ce0.01Sm0.02Na0.03SiO4 at 425 K was 85.21% of that at 300 K, indicating satisfactory thermal stability of fluorescence. The obtained white LED device fabricated with Ca0.97Sr0.97Ce0.01Sm0.02Na0.03SiO4 phosphor, Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ and an ultraviolet (UV) chip displayed a bright white light with CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.32, 0.38), correlated colour temperature (CCT) of 6056 K and colour rendering index (Ra) of 73.5.

Broad emission with a full and continuous color spectrum realized by crystal engineering is extensively desired to simulate natural sunlight and improve the white color quality. Herein, new insight into the modulation of B site order-disorder and intrinsic oxygen defects for complex perovskite (A(3)BB(2)O(9)) Sr3-xScxZnNb2O9 (0 x 0.1) phosphors is demonstrated for broad-band emission via crystal engineering. We elucidate that the spectrum of Sr3ZnNb2O9 synthesized at an optimal temperature exhibits two emission bands under near-ultraviolet excitation ((ex) = 374 nm) which is readily available from near ultraviolet chips. The two broad emission bands can be ascribed to charge transfer from the empty 4d (t(2g))-orbitals of Nb5+ ions to the filled 2p-orbitals of O2- ions and the intrinsic oxygen defects. Further, as a proposed strategy to optimize the luminescence property of Sr3ZnNb2O9 (SZN), we realized A-site nonequivalent doping to induce B-site disordering and cancel the luminescence quenching which results from B site ordering. The A-site nonequivalent doping efficiently offsets intrinsic oxygen defects, as validated by systematic analyses of experiments and DFT calculations. Consequently, the novel phosphor Sr3-xScxZnNb2O9 (x = 0.1) shows a high color rendering index (R-a = 82.2) and negligible color shift. In addition, its emission intensity is enhanced by approximate to 70 times as compared to the pristine Sr3ZnNb2O9.

Transition-metal activated phosphors are an important family of luminescent materials that can produce white light with an outstanding color rendering index and correlated color temperature for use in light-emitting diodes. In recent years, work in this quite “hot” research field has focused on the development of Mn2+ and Mn4+ activated red phosphors. In this review article, we provide an overview of recent studies on Mn2+ and Mn4+ doped phosphors, including detailed synthesis routes (solid-state reaction and wet-chemical synthesis) and description of luminescence mechanisms and phosphors’ behaviors; discuss their promising applications in white light-emitting diodes; and present an extensive list of references to representative works in this field.

A strong increase in Sm3+ fluorescence intensity caused by oxygen gas is revealed for TiO2:Sm3+ films decorated with Au/SiO2 nanoparticles in spite of the general view of oxygen as a quenching agent. Microluminescence studies revealed that emission from Sm3+ ions excited by UV light is concentrated around Au/SiO2 nanoparticles, which implies its sensitization by gold. Periodic changes in the oxygen concentration in the O2:N2 gaseous mixture led to respective modulation of the intensity of Sm3+ fluorescence. The changes in fluorescence intensity were up to 10 times more pronounced for the samples decorated with Au/SiO2 nanoparticles in comparison with virgin TiO2:Sm3+ films. It is suggested that Sm3+ fluorescence is sensitized by energy transfer from gold clusters presented on the surface of the Au/SiO2 nanoparticles. The oxygen-sensing effect is explained by the model in which oxygen changes the state of energy accepting defects in the TiO2 lattice and in such a way prevents their participation in quenching of Sm3+ fluorescence.

A series of Ca3Y(GaO)3(BO3)4:Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphors were prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction. Their phase structures were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and the element distribution was measured using transmission electron microscopy elemental mapping. The photoluminescence emission and excitation spectra and fluorescence lifetime were studied and discussed in detail. The results revealed that Eu3+ ions can be efficiently sensitized by Tb3+ ions under near-UV excitation. In addition, the energy transfer efficiency can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of Eu3+ and Tb3+ to realize colour tunable emission from green to red. For Ca3Y(GaO)3(BO3)4:0.50Tb3+,0.10Eu3+, the emission intensity at 425 K is 78.11% of that at 300 K, being available to near-UV LEDs.

To meet the increasing requirement, much effort has been devoted to enhance the emission intensity and tailor the emission color of rare earth phosphors. However, limited contributions have been made to the up-conversion (UC) of nanorods by complete epitaxial growth on each facet to achieve this requirement. In this study, we propose a facile epitaxial growth route to grow anisotropic hexagonal β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+@β-NaYbF4:Er3+, β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+@β-NaYF4, and β-NaYbF4:Er3+@β-NaYF4 core/shell nanorods, which were realized by adding hexagonal β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ or β-NaYbF4:Er3+ nanorods as a core-nanostructure into a solution containing cubic α-NaYbF4:Er3+ or α-NaYF4 nanoparticles as the shell-precursor. During epitaxial growth-induced phase transformation, the precursor nanoparticles disappeared gradually in the solution and consequently corresponding β-phased shell yielded on each outer facet of each β-phased nanorod core. Eventually, the nanorod core was covered completely with a uniformly grown β-NaYbF4:Er3+ or β-NaYF4 shell. The UC emission of either β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ or β-NaYbF4:Er3+ core can be enhanced by the outer shell due to the decrease in the number of surface defects. In addition, tailored UC emissions could be obtained by controlling the shell components and thickness, typically in the core/shell nanorods of β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+@β-NaYbF4:Er3+. The tunable colors with improved emission in these core/shell nanorods may find wider applications in multicolor labeling and anti-counterfeiting.

A series of YGa1.5Al1.5(BO3)4:Tb3+,Eu3+ inorganic luminescence materials were successfully synthesized through a high-temperature solid-state reaction. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to confirm the crystal structure and phase purity of the obtained samples. Then, scanning electron microscopy elemental mapping was taken to characterize the distribution of the doped ions. Detailed investigations on the photoluminescence emission and excitation spectra and fluorescence lifetime revealed that trivalent europium ions can be well sensitized by trivalent terbium ions under near-ultraviolet excitation. Additionally, the energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ can be controlled to realize multi-colour emissions covering the green to red visible region. Concentration quenching does not take place in Tb3+ or Eu3+ singularly-doped YGAB due to its structure isolation. Therefore, satisfactory luminescence properties related to the structure specificity make these phosphors suitable for WLEDs.

Hexagonally packed mesoporous silica (HMS) was used as a kind of template-like material to prepare heteroatom doped porous carbons from the polymerization reactions of resorcinol and formaldehyde in the HMS pore channels. Different acids (HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4) were used to catalyze the polymerization reactions to obtain N-doped, S-doped, and P-doped porous carbons, respectively. The adsorption properties of H2, CH4, and CO2 were investigated on these doped carbon materials systematically. For the hydrogen adsorption, the adsorption amount was 11.8%, 21.1%, and 33.3% higher on N-doped, S-doped, and P-doped porous carbons, respectively, than the carbon sample without doping, and the highest hydrogen uptake reached 14.88 mmol g−1 on the P-doped sample; regarding the CO2 adsorption, the adsorption amount reached 3.60 mmol g−1 and 3.16 mmol g−1 on the S-doped sample and N-doped sample, respectively, which is 39.5% and 22.5% higher than the sample without doping; it also shows that methane uptake amount was significantly increased by 27.1% on the S-doped sample as compared to the sample without doping, i.e., 3.52 mmol g−1 of CH4. Therefore, it is predicted that these doped carbon materials with high specific surface area are of great potential for the gas adsorption of H2, CH4, and CO2.

White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with high luminous brightness, low energy consumption, long lifetime and environmental friendliness can be applied in various fields. However, low colour rendering index and high correlated colour temperature have seriously limited the quality of white light, resulting from the deficiency of the red light component in commercial phosphors. New phosphors that can emit suitable red light are needed. The improvement of red emitters has gradually become a hot topic in WLED applications such as good colour rendering lighting and full colour displays. This review summarizes recent achievements concerning red phosphors mainly from three aspects. They are: intensifying absorption bands and reducing lattice defects to increase quantum efficiency; selecting an appropriate coordination environment and altering the lattice symmetry to fine-tune the luminescence spectra; and reducing the nonradiative transition rate and preventing charge imbalance of a luminescence centre to enhance thermal stability.

A novel phosphate/tungstate family, K2Ln(PO4)(WO4) (Ln = Y, Gd and Lu) doped with Tb3+ and Eu3+ is synthesized via a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction to explore new pure red phosphors with high critical concentration for white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). The results from the Rietveld method show that the crystal structures of the hosts are composed of phosphate layers and tungstate zigzags, and the Ln3+–Ln3+-units are isolated by the [PO4]3− groups in phosphate layers. The critical concentration of Tb3+ and Eu3+ is up to 40–50% in the singly doped phosphors, which is ascribed to the interaction of the isolated Ln3+ ions being mitigated by [PO4]3− and [WO4]2− groups, such that the special structure of K2Ln(PO4)(WO4) helps the interaction of luminescence centres. The energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ in K2Ln(PO4)(WO4) is demonstrated by fluorescence decay times. By adjusting the ratio of Eu3+ and Tb3+, we can tune the emission colour of K2Ln(PO4)(WO4):Tb3+,Eu3+ from green to yellow, orange and pure red. For K2Tb0.5Eu0.5(PO4)(WO4), the internal quantum efficiency is as high as 76.45% under an excitation of 394 nm, and the emission intensity at 150 °C is 92.2% of that at 25 °C.

Two series of single-composition Ca8MgLu(PO4)7:Tb3+ and Ca8MgTb(PO4)7:Eu3+ phosphors were prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique, and their phase structures were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The excitation and emission spectra, and fluorescence decays were measured and discussed in detail. The results reveal that Tb3+ can efficiently transfer excitation energy to Eu3+ via its 4f states and therefore sensitizes Eu3+ emission under NUV excitation. By adjusting the ratio of Eu3+ and Tb3+, we can tune the emission color of Ca8MgTb(PO4)7:Eu3+ from green to yellow, orange and pure red. For Ca8MgTb0.1(PO4)7:0.9Eu3+, the emission intensity at 150 °C is 87.44% of that at 25 °C, which makes it be a potential pure red phosphor for NUV LEDs.

Nanostructured tetragonal LaVO4 with sheaf-like and prickly spherical morphologies has been hydrothermally synthesized with the assistance of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In the hydrothermal process, EDTA not only acts as a chelating reagent to facilitate the formation of t-LaVO4, but also acts as a surface capping agent to adhere to the newly created surface and to promote the crystal splitting. t-LaVO4 nanostructures with different morphologies can be achieved by adjusting the molar ratio of EDTA/La3+, the concentration of La3+, and the total volume of the reaction mixture, which result in the change of the crystal growth rate. Nanostructured Eu3+-doped t-LaVO4 was also synthesized and showed intense red emission under near UV-light excitation.

Synthetic routes to a series of novel oligomeric and polymeric platinum(II)-containing silylacetylenes have been developed. The CuI-catalyzed reaction of trans-[Pt(PEt3)2PhCl] with the alkynylsilane Ph2Si(CCH)2, in a basic medium, afforded the mononuclear trans-[Ph(Et3P)2PtCCSiPh2CCH] (1) and the dinuclear trans-[Ph(Et3P)2PtCCSiPh2CCPt(PEt3)2Ph] (2). Complex 1 can be utilized as a key starting material for access to the triplatinum(II) system trans-[Ph(Et3P)2PtCCSiPh2CCPt(PBu3)2CCSiPh2CCPt(PEt3)2Ph] (3). Attempted oxidative coupling of 1 only led to the isolation of the triacetylenic species trans-[Ph(Et3P)2PtCCCCCCPt(PEt3)2Ph] (5), involving cleavage of Si–C(alkyne) bonds. Soluble and thermally stable platinum(II) poly-yne silane polymer trans-[–Pt(PBu3)2CCSiPh2CC–]n (4) was prepared in good yield by CuI-catalyzed polymerization of trans-[Pt(PBu3)2Cl2] and Ph2Si(CCH)2. The single-crystal X-ray structural analyses and DFT calculations were performed on 1, 2 and 5. We report the optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of these new metal-based oligomeric and polymeric silylacetylenes and the results are compared with platinum(II) poly-ynes with purely acetylenic and (hetero)aromatic conjugated units.

Six cubane-type complexes comprising similar [M4O4]n+ cores [M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) or Cd(II)] synthesised in a facile route utilizing the gem-diol form of di-2-pyridyl ketone as a ligand have been characterised by X-ray structural analysis. Complex 1 crystallizes in the cubic space group I 3d, which is the highest symmetry documented in the cubane-like manganese compounds to date, while the other complexes crystallize in much lower crystallographic symmetries. The four metal ions and bridging alkoxo oxygen atoms are located at alternating vertices of a cube, with either pyridyl, acetate or aqua groups on the exterior of the core. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate the presence of an antiferromagnetic behavior in 2 and ferromagnetic behaviors in 3 and 6. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility for 6 was fitted with J1 = 6.04 cm−1, J2 = −1.47 cm−1, and g = 2.12. The difference in sign between the J1 and J2 superexchange interactions is in good agreement with the different types of faces present in this Ni4O4 cubane core. Both 4 and 5 show similar ambient and cryogenic temperature emissions in solid state.

Two silver(I) coordination polymers have been synthesised and single-crystal structural analysis shows that 1 is the first coordination network containing discrete silver clusters and organic N,N′-spacers. It displays an intense blue photoluminescence with three emission maxima.

A novel approach for infrared optical activation of neodymium-doped porous silicon (PS:Nd), using microwave radiation, is reported. PS:Nd was prepared using constant-potential electrochemical doping; the effects of microwave heating time, microwave power and the dosage of heat-conducting medium used on the room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) in the infrared region for PS:Nd were investigated. The treated samples emitted intense room-temperature luminescence around 1.06 and 0.90 µm. In addition to thermal activation, the non-thermal interaction of microwave radiation with PS:Nd, mainly resulting in the spread of rare earth and the trapping of oxygen by neodymium ions in the porous layer, is considered to play an important role in the optical activation of neodymium.

Beyond the superlattices, there are few other intricate superstructures that have been successfully assembled on a 2D substrate from nanocrystal building blocks. Here, we show the direct assembly of oleic acid-capped TiO2 nanocrystals into nanotube networks with good connectivity on 2D substrates. The assembly process was controlled by ethanol vapor. A combination of theoretical calculations and experimental data demonstrates a non-spontaneous assembly process with solvent vapour–ligand interactions, which is in agreement with the experimental results, but different from the widely reported nanocrystal superlattice assembly driven by entropy or enthalpy. From FT-IR spectra, we determined the occurrence of the solvent–ligand interaction; the oleic acid ligands of TiO2 nanocrystals transform into ethyl oleate due to the esterification of oleic acid by ethanol vapor, which may play a main role in driving the assembly process. Changing ethanol to tetrahydrofuran vapor prevented generation of nanotube-network structures, supplying indirect proof for this theory.

A simple and rapid detection method for deoxynivalenol (DON) is essential for both basic research on its metabolism and applied research on its surveillance and control. In this study, a simple, fast, and efficient method based on a UPLC-TOF-MS system without any clean-up steps was developed for DON detection in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep G2). The established method was then validated by the determination of its sensitivity, linearity, recovery, precision and stability. The limits of detection for extracellular and intracellular matrices were 25 ng ml−1 while limits of quantitation for both matrices were 50 ng ml−1, respectively. The recoveries of both matrices were acceptable and the stability of the method was acceptable. Within the detection range, the intra- and inter-day RSDs were less than 12%. Finally, the kinetics of DON in both cell pellets and media were measured using the established method, which showed that DON could be taken up by Hep G2 cells quickly but did not accumulate in the cells. This method could be applied for the fast detection of DON in the human cell matrix, facilitating better understanding of the metabolism of DON in vitro, which, in turn, would benefit the monitoring of DON exposure to humans and animals.

The application of white LEDs is hindered by the low efficiency of commercial red phosphors. Here, a novel narrow-line red phosphor is produced by a terbium chain in the form of Ce(3+)-(Tb(3+))n-Eu(3+) in the Na2Y2B2O7 host and is characterized with X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE), and fluorescence lifetime, and the energy transfer (ET) processes between rare-earth ions in the host are discussed. The formation of terbium chain with a quite low content of Tb(3+) in Na2Y2B2O7 is realized by the ET processes of Ce(3+)-Tb(3+) and Tb(3+)-Eu(3+), and a new concept of saturation distance is put forward as an explanation for the first time. An energy level diagram is proposed to explain the ET processes in the phosphor of Na2Y2B2O7:Ce(3+),Tb(3+),Eu(3+). The emitting colour of the phosphor can be tuned from blue to green or yellow and finally to the orange-red region with increasing the content of Tb(3+). The quantum efficiency of the phosphor with an optimized ratio of rare-earth ions, Na2Y2B2O7:0.5% Ce(3+),60% Tb(3+),0.5% Eu(3+), is up to 77% under the excitation of 365 nm, which indicates that the as-synthesized phosphor is applicable to near-UV white LEDs.

ZnO nanocrystals of ∼4.7 nm were self-assembled into three dimensional nanoporous pyramids by oriented attachment with high selective adsorption and photocatalytic activity.

A novel 2-positional linked carbazole based β-diketone with methoxyl in the 7-position (EMOCTFBD), and its europium(III) ternary complex Eu(EMOCTFBD)(3)phen were synthesized via a dexterously designed indirect routine, where EMOCTFBD was 1-(9-ethyl-7-methoxyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione and phen was 1,10-phenanthroline. Eu(EMOCTFBD)(3)phen shows high thermal stability. The introduction of a methoxyl in the 7-position of the carbazole ring remarkably enhanced the excitation band intensity in the blue region, and the complex exhibited intense red emission under blue-light excitation. The lowest triplet state energy was measured and suggests the photoluminescence process as a ligand-sensitized luminescence process (antenna effect). A bright red-emitting diode was fabricated by coating the complex phosphor onto a ∼460 nm-emitting InGaN chip. All the results indicate that Eu(EMOCTFBD)(3)phen is an interesting red-emitting material excited by blue light, and therefore may be applied in many fields without UV radiation.

Two photoluminescent two- and three-dimensional coordination polymers consisting of Zn4O [or Zn4(OH)2] cores, dicarboxylate (isophthalate or fumarate) and 4,4′-bipyridine ligands as building blocks have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized.

Oligo(fluorenyleneethynylenegermylene)s and their polyplatinynes are synthesized and photophysically characterized; inclusion of heavy germylene bridges greatly boosts the phosphorescence decay rate in metallopolymers.