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C18 trihydroxy fatty acids (THFAs), plant oxylipins, are used as antifungal agents and vaccine adjuvants.

We suggest that 1,3-diynes are main reaction sites in the thiol–yne click-based main chain post-synthetic modification of conjugated microporous polymers.

This work shows that the hydrogen evolution performance of conjugated microporous polymer (CMP)-based photocatalysts can be enhanced through their hollow shape engineering. Using a hollow microporous organic polymer (H-MOP) as a template, hollow Stille coupling-based CMP photocatalysts with Pd nanoparticles (H-MOP@SCMP-Pds) were prepared, showing enhanced hydrogen evolution rates up to 7100 μmol h−1 g−1 and apparent quantum yields up to 3.72% (@420 nm).

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have significant potential as electrode materials for electric energy storage devices due to their high surface areas, conjugation features, and chemical stability. However, low conductivity has limited their electrochemical performance. To realize the maximum capability of CMPs, a synthetic strategy for enhancing their conductivity is required. This work shows that during the synthesis of CMPs, carbon black (CB) nanoparticles can be entrapped in situ. Moreover, redox-active benzoquinone (BQ) species could be generated at the CMP to form CMP-BQ through post-synthetic modification. The resultant CB@CMP-BQs with the entrapped CB nanoparticles showed enhanced electrochemical performance as electrode materials for pseudocapacitors, compared with CMP-BQ. They showed capacitances up to 424 and 373 F g−1 at current densities of 0.5 and 1 A g−1, respectively. In addition, the optimal CB@CMP-BQ3 showed excellent cycling performance for 10 000 cycles.

This work introduces, for the first time, the energy harvesting performance of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) as tribo-positive materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Various nano or submicron CMP particles (CMP-X) were prepared by the Sonogashira coupling of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene with 1,4-diiodoarenes. Optimized CMP-X nanoparticles in a polyurethane (PU) matrix showed excellent triboelectrification performance, displaying peak-to-peak voltages of up to 411 V and a maximum power density of 0.80 mW cm−2. Moreover, an optimized 5.0% CMP-H@PU-based TENG could be utilized as a power source for the charging of an electrolytic capacitor and for the operation of 100 LEDs.

Stille coupling was applied to synthesize microporous organic polymers (MOPs). Metallic Pd was in situ self-supported during the networking of 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene with 1,4-bis(tributylstannyl)benzene to form Stille coupling-based MOP (St-MOP)@Pd. The size of St-MOP particles and the amount of metallic Pd in St-MOP@Pd depended on the amount of Pd catalyst. As the amount of Pd catalyst increased, the size of St-MOP particles decreased with an increase of metallic Pd, due to the increased St-MOP nuclei in the early growth stage of St-MOP. The St-MOP bearing pyrenes showed absorption and emission of visible light and St-MOP@Pd showed excellent catalytic performance in the visible light-driven Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. The optimal St-MOP@Pd-2 (0.14 mol% Pd) showed a TON of 657 and a TOF of 219 h−1 in the visible light-driven Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of 1-acetyl-4-bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid at 25 °C. The optimal amount of St-MOP and metallic Pd in St-MOP@Pd was critical to achieve excellent catalytic performance. The overall photocatalytic principles of St-MOP@Pd were rationalized by computational simulation.

This work shows a new post-synthetic strategy of a microporous organic polymer (MOP) based on AB2 polymerization chemistry (polymerization of AB2-type monomers). Hollow MOP (H-MOP) platforms were prepared by template synthesis via Sonogashira coupling of 1,4-dibromo-2,5-diethynylbenzene. The amount of terminal alkynes in the H-MOP was amplified via AB2 polymerization. Through the thiol–yne click reaction, aliphatic sulfonic acids were incorporated into the terminal alkyne-enriched H-MOP. The resultant solid acid catalysts showed efficient performance in the synthesis of soluble cellulose derivatives.

Gel electrolytes were synthesized by the formation of microporous organic polymers in the presence of 0.077–0.77 M LiClO4 and N-methylpyrrolidone. Electrochromic devices fabricated using the gel electrolytes showed enhanced operation stability, compared with those fabricated using liquid electrolytes, which is attributable to the efficient separation of working viologens from counting molecules.

This work unravels the unified mechanistic principle of the tubular shape evolution of microporous organic polymers (MOPs) prepared by the Sonogashira coupling of ethynylarenes and haloarenes. Using ionic building blocks (self-templates), in situ generated salts (in situ templates), or salt additives (additive templates), tubular MOP materials could be engineered. The assembled ionic species can act as morphology templates in the covalent assembly of building blocks to form MOP tubes.

This work shows that microporous organic network (MON) chemistry can be applied to the dual photodynamic and chemical therapy of cancer cells. Water-compatible and Zn-phthalocyanine (ZnPhT) loaded MON nanoparticles were engineered through size-controlled synthesis using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a surfactant, followed by postsynthetic sulfonation of materials. The ZnPhT was successfully loaded on the sulfonated MON nanoparticles (N-SMONs) via coulombic interaction between anionic sulfonate and cationic ZnPhT. Because of their microporosity and high surface area, DOX was loaded efficiently on the ZnPhT/N-SMON nanoparticles. The resultant DOX/ZnPhT/N-SMON showed synergistic performance in the dual photodynamic and chemotherapy of cancer cells and tumors in in vitro and in vivo tests.

Hepoxilins (HXs) and trioxilins (TrXs) are lipid mediators that regulate diverse physiological processes at trace amounts in humans. They have been synthesized by chemical methods, which have disadvantages such as low yield, byproduct formation, and use of toxic chemical reagents. Here, we reported the identification of ten types of HXs and TrXs synthesized by recombinant Escherichia coli expressing bacterial arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase and/or epoxide hydrolase using five polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Of these, eight types were new. The discovery was due to the microbial enzymes with high activities for the same catalytic activities as those of human enzymes. We succeeded in the efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly biotransformation of PUFAs into nine types of HXs and TrXs by cells, yielding >10 g L−1 of 14,15-HXB3 and 13,14,15-TrXB3, with conversion yields of >70%. Our study contributes to the environmentally friendly synthesis of medicinally important lipid mediators.

Hollow and microporous organic network spheres decorated with folic acids (H-MON-FA) were prepared using silica templates by the Sonogashira coupling of organic building blocks and successive post-synthetic modifications. The drug (DOX) delivery performance of H-MON-FA to cancer cells was studied.

Conjugated microporous polymer films (CMP-Fs) bearing tetraphenylethylene moieties showed aggregation-induced emission behavior, which can be utilized for the emission quenching-based sensing of nitrotoluenes. In this work, macroporous CMP-Fs (MA-CMP-Fs) were engineered using assembled silica spheres as templates. The MA-CMP-Fs showed much better sensing performance toward nitrotoluenes with Stern–Volmer constants (KSV) of up to 1.39 × 105 M−1, compared with CMP-Fs (KSV up to 5.57 × 104 M−1). The sensing performance of the MA-CMP-F is superior to those of recent emissive CMP materials (KSV in the range of 2.08 × 103 to 6.78 × 104 M−1 for nitroarenes) in the literature, which is attributable to the additional macroporosity of the CMP-F. Also, we demonstrated that various functional CMP films with macroporous inner structures can be developed using tailored building blocks.

Redox active 1,4-bis(3-phenylpropynoyl)benzene moieties were incorporated into a hollow conjugated microporous polymer via carbonylative Sonogashira coupling of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene with 1,4-diiodobenzene in the presence of carbon monoxide. The resultant redox active material showed enhanced energy storage performance for pseudocapacitors.

Hollow and microporous organic network bearing alkynone moieties was prepared via carbonylative Sonogashira coupling. The carbonyl groups in the network showed unusual chemical reactivities, compared with those of a model alkynone compound. The observed differences between the reactivities of alkynones in the molecule and in the network were analyzed based on the "network effect".

Hollow and microporous metal free/Cr-porphyrin networks were prepared via the Sonogashira coupling of metal-free or Cr-tetra(4-ethynylphenyl) porphyrins and 1,4-diiodobenzene on the surface of silica templates followed by silica etching. Zinc was introduced into a hollow and microporous metal free porphyrin network (H–MPN) through post-synthetic modification to form a H–MZnPN. Hollow and microporous Cr(III)–F porphyrin networks (H–MCrPNs) showed the best catalytic activities in room temperature CO2 fixation with epoxides to cyclic carbonates. In addition, the H–MCrPN could be reused at least for five runs, maintaining the original catalytic activity. The good performance of the H–MCrPN is attributed to its microporosity, the shortened diffusion pathways for substrates due to the hollow structure, and the efficient Lewis acidic activity of Cr(III)–F moieties.

Cu2O nanocubes were used for the synthesis of hollow and microporous Fe porphyrin networks (H–MFePN). In this synthesis, Cu2O nanocubes performed not only as networking catalysts but also as shape controlling templates. MFePN were formed on the surface of the Cu2O nanocubes through azide–alkyne cycloaddition of tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl) Fe-porphyrin with 1,4-diazidobenzene. H–MFePN showed excellent catalytic activities in carbene insertion into N–H bonds, maintaining their activities during five recycle tests.

Hollow and microporous organic polymers bearing pyrrolidines (H-MOP-P) were prepared by template synthesis and post-synthetic modification. H-MOP-P showed enhanced organocatalytic performance, compared to nonhollow microporous catalysts.

Pure silica zeolite (Silicalite-1) bricks with a 2D morphology were assembled on a slide glass and used as templates for the preparation of microstructured organic network films (MONFs) with a hollow space and holes by the Sonogashira coupling of tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane and 1,4-diiodobenzene and silica etching. The MONFs were adhesive to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films due to their unique structural effects. Cu was loaded on the MONF/PET by electroless deposition. The Cu/MONF/PET showed excellent retention of conductivities in repeated severe bending.