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Purpose: to conduct research dedicated to assessing the impact of primary soil cultivation techniques and the microelements application on the yield of cereal and leguminous grain crops. Materials and methods. The effect of moldboard plowing (25–27 cm), flat-cutting (20–22 cm), minimum surface tillage (8–10 cm) and no-tillage on the yield of leguminous crops (soybeans, peas, chickpeas) and cereal grains (spring wheat, Sudan grass) is studied. The studies were conducted at the experimental production farm of the Volga Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation in 2022–2024 using generally accepted methods. Results. The impact of basic tillage techniques and the impact of micro-fertilizers on vegetation in cereal and leguminous crops agrocenoses on productivity and its structure have been studied. The use of flat-cutting and the micronutrients application for cereals and legumes increased the yield indicators on average for soybeans – by 65.9 %, peas – 48.5 %, chickpeas – 41.8 %, spring wheat – 61.3 %, Sudan grass – 26.3 % compared with the no-tillage option. The maximum yield was obtained on soybeans with the use of flat-cutting tillage – 3.45 t/ha, and the minimum at no-tillage – 1.94 t/ha. The impact of flat-cutting tillage on the spring wheat productivity is expressed by an increase in yield by 0.34 t/ha, compared with no-tillage. Chickpea yield is higher when using flat-cutting tillage with leaf dressing – 2.75 t/ha, and without tillage and dressing – 1.87 t/ha. The yield of Sudan grass of two staves when using flat cutting tillage with the micronutrients application on vegetation is 40.37 t/ha and 31.50 t/ha with no-tillage. Conclusions. For the soil and climatic conditions of the dry steppe Volga region, it has been proven that when cultivating chickpeas, soybeans, peas, Sudan grass and spring wheat as examples, the best indicators of the crop structure were achieved in variants using flat-cutting tillage against the background of the micronutrients application to vegetative plants.

Purpose: to determine the share influence of agrophysical, technological, climatic factors and soil moisture on spring wheat grain yield in the arid conditions of the Saratov Trans-Volga region based on a complete correlation analysis of long-term field data. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, an experiment with basic tillage with various implements according to the following scheme, was carried out: A₀ – with PLN-8-35 plow at 23–25 cm (control); A₁ – with plow PBS-10P at 23–25 cm; A₂ – with deep ripper SSD-4 (2017–2020), chisel plow PChM-4 (2021–2022) at 30–32 cm; A₃ – with a disk header BDM 7×3 PPKShKS at 10–12 cm. The research was carried out over a period of six years using generally accepted methods. Results. A complete correlation analysis of long-term data showed that the most significant influence on the spring wheat yield in the Trans-Volga region is exerted by precipitation during the growing season (24.1 %) and the hydrothermal coefficient (23.6 %). Air temperature determined this indicator by only 12.5 %. The share influence on the yield of soil density in the 10–30 cm layer was 2.9 %. The moisture content of the upper half-meter soil layer during the spring wheat tillering phase determined the yield by 14.8 %, and the lower one (50–100 cm) by 15.6 %. Conclusions. On average, over six years, the maximum yield of spring wheat Albidum 32 variety was obtained in variants with plowing (PBS-10P and PLN-8-35): 1.16 and 1.17 t/ha. Non-mouldboard cultivation with a deep ripper and chisel plow reduced this indicator by 8.5 %. Treatment of dark chestnut soil with a disk header reduced the spring wheat grain yield by 24.8 % relative to the control.