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1. Contents Vol. 44, 2010

Author

S. Wishnek, D. Birkhed, G. Asaad, S. Martignon, M. Tellez, K.R. Stenhagen, D. McEdward, T.M. Ardenghi, C.W. Garvan, L.-K. Wendt, H. Meyer-Lueckel, Scott M. Nelson, P.A. Harris, R. Schulte, R.M. Santamaría, M. Addy, P. Tschoppe, H.L. Kirchner, L.H. Hove, V.V. Gordan, J.M. Albert, P.K. Meurman, G. Oldaeus, P. Lingström, F.M. Mendes, D.M. Parker, A.B. Tveit, B. Holme, M.E. Barbour, G. Lombardi, A.J. White, I. Magnusson, Druck Reinhardt Druck Basel, S. Ijaz, P.J. Allison, K.R. Ekstrand, C. Piovesan, G. Koch, S. Taxt-Lamolle, F. Vargas-Ferreira, M.E. Ottenga, A. Siegel, V.C.C. Marinho, L.T. Singer, K. Pienihäkkinen, R.P. Shellis, J. Gomez, Satz Mengensatzproduktion, C.A. Hemingway, M. Stensson, R.E. Croucher, and J.R. Praetzel

Subjects
General Dentistry
Published
2010
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2. 57th Annual ORCA Congress

Author

H.M. Schipper, A. Hannan, K. To-o, N. Yagi, A. Ferreira Zandoná, J. Stephenson, K.T. Cuenco, N. Schlueter, H. Terada, F.M. Mendes, K. Ali, N.J. Wang, M. Ando, E. Santiago, L. Tjäderhane, T. Kometani, K. Weber, A. Mulic, K. Pieper, T. Kuriki, M.M. Braga, C. Ganss, M. Fontana, K.R. Ekstrand, D.T. Zero, John R. Shaffer, G. Eckert, J. Klimek, R. Stoll, A.L. Leite, N. Sommer, M. Raja, E.T. Treasure, A. Lussi, M.A.R. Buzalaf, X. Wang, Daniel W. McNeil, A.B. Skaare, A. Nordström, A.M.G.A. Laheij, M.T. Kato, D. Birkhed, J.C.P. Imparato, T. Ohta, A.R. Hannas, S. Martignon, J.C. Pereira, B.L. Chadwick, I. Espelid, A.J.P. van Strijp, O. Ziomek, L.H. Hove, A.B. Tveit, A. Jablonski-Momeni, M. Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, K. Kamasaka, R.C. Oliveira, Richard J. Crout, R.S. DeSensi, D.N.J. Ricketts, Mary L. Marazita, C. van Loveren, R.A. Playle, Y. Matsuo, T. Tanaka, and R.J. Weyant

Subjects
Materials science, General Dentistry
Published
2010
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4. Effect of Chlorhexidine Varnish and Gel on Mutans Streptococci in Margins of Restorations in Adults

Author

C. Wallman and D. Birkhed

Subjects
Adult, Saliva, medicine.medical_treatment, Varnish, Colony Count, Microbial, Dentistry, Dental Caries, Statistics, Nonparametric, Streptococcus mutans, Paint, Secondary Prevention, medicine, Humans, Chlorhexidine varnish, Dental Enamel, Dental Restoration, Permanent, General Dentistry, Aged, Secondary prevention, Analysis of Variance, Chlorhexidine gel, DMF Index, business.industry, Chlorhexidine, Middle Aged, Thymol, Drug Combinations, stomatognathic diseases, visual_art, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Colony count, visual_art.visual_art_medium, business, Gels, Dental restoration, medicine.drug
Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different chlorhexidine regimens, varnish and gel, on mutans streptococci (MS) in the margins of restorations and in saliva. Eighteen subjects (mean age 44 years) with >250,000 MS/ml saliva and with many restored teeth were assigned to three groups, each comprising 6 individuals. They were treated with: (1) Cervitec® varnish, containing 1% chlorhexidine and 1% thymol; (2) placebo varnish, or (3) Corsodyl® gel, containing 1% chlorhexidine. The varnish was applied on two separate occasions to all tooth surfaces at an interval of 3–4 days. The gel was applied for 3×5 min in individual applicators on 2 consecutive days. Plaque samples from 8–9 margins of restorations per subject, mainly in the premolar and molar region, and stimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline and after 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The general finding was that the Corsodyl gel gave the most pronounced reduction of MS followed by the Cervitec varnish. According to repeated measures ANOVA, no significant differences could be demonstrated either for MS in margins or in saliva among the three groups (p = 0.06 for margins and p = 0.07 for saliva). However, within the groups, the reduction of MS over time was statistically significant, both in margins and in saliva (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Student-Newman-Keuls test showed that MS in margins were significantly reduced at most sampling occasions in both chlorhexidine groups: the reduction was more pronounced in the Corsodyl gel group. The conclusion from this study is that the 1% chlorhexidine gel Corsodyl, administered 6 times during 2 days, is more effective in suppressing MS in the margins of restorations and in saliva than the 1% chlorhexidine varnish Cervitec, administered twice within 3–4 days.

Published
2002
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5. Contents, Vol. 29, 1995

Author

P.J. Isokangas, G. Dahllöf, K. Sjögren, C. van Loveren, R.L. Gregory, Jr. Pape H.R., D.A.M. Geddes, S. Tagomori, N. Kippuw, F. Lagerlöf, A.M. Vacca-Smith, Y. Li, H. Whelton, M. Grindefjord, I.G. Chestnutt, J. Brown, T.C. Aitchison, A.J. Ireland, R.J. Lamont, L.K. Kopec, T.J. Holland, S. Davis, S.-Z. Dung, B. Rangmar, K.P. Isotupa, M. Sherriff, M.S. Putt, J.M. ten Cate, T. Iwase, W.H. Bowen, N. McGuinness, D. Birkhed, P.P. Hujoel, J.F. Buijs, K.W. Stephen, R.H. Foye, W.H. Gilmour, C.B. Bennett, T.W. MacFarlane, K.K. Mäkinen, C.J. Kleber, T.A. DeRouen, G.K. Stookey, A. Gustavsson, S.L. Creanor, D.M. O’Mullane, E. Bashir, T. Modéer, A.E. Hall, R. Strang, and P. Creedon

Subjects
General Dentistry
Published
1995
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6. Effect of Various Post-Brushing Activities on Salivary Fluoride Concentration after Toothbrushing with a Sodium Fluoride Dentifrice

Author

K Sjögren and D Birkhed

Subjects
Adult, Male, Toothbrushing, Saliva, business.product_category, Drinking, Mouthwashes, Dentistry, Water rinsing, Eating, Fluorides, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sodium fluoride, Dentifrice, Humans, Whole saliva, General Dentistry, Mastication, Dentifrices, Toothpaste, business.industry, Water, Middle Aged, chemistry, Sodium Fluoride, Female, business, Fluoride
Abstract

The study consisted of eight experiments, divided into three series, aimed at investigating the effect on the salivary fluoride (F) concentration of three post-brushing regimes: (1) rinsing once or twice with water, (2) rinsing either with a slurry of the toothpaste foam and water or with an 0.05% NaF solution, or a single NaF mouthrinse with no prior brushing, and (3) chewing and drinking ('eating') for 2 min. Brushing was done with 1.5 g of an 0.32% NaF dentifrice. The concentration of F in whole saliva was determined in 15 subjects at various time points up to 45 min after completing each experimental procedure. Results showed that the initial (0 min post-brushing) F concentration in saliva decreased about 1-2 times after a single, and 4-5 times after a double post-brushing water-rinse, as compared with no rinsing at all (p < 0.001). Brushing followed by a mouthrinse with an 0.05% NaF solution elevated the F concentration more than brushing alone (p < 0.001). Rinsing with the slurry of toothpaste foam and water gave only a somewhat (but not significantly) lower concentration of F in saliva than just rinsing with the 0.05% NaF solution. Eating immediately after brushing reduced the salivary F level about 12-15 times (p < 0.001) compared with brushing alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1994
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7. Factors Related to Fluoride Retention after Toothbrushing and Possible Connection to Caries Activity

Author

K Sjögren and D Birkhed

Subjects
Adult, Male, Toothbrushing, Saliva, business.product_category, Adolescent, Population, Dentistry, Dental Caries, Fluorides, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fluoride dentifrice, Dentifrice, Humans, Medicine, Child, education, General Dentistry, education.field_of_study, Toothpaste, business.industry, Area under the curve, Middle Aged, Caries activity, chemistry, Female, business, Fluoride, Toothpastes
Abstract

The aim of the present investigation was to study the brushing and toothpaste technique employed by caries-active and caries-inactive patients in a toothbrushing population. The study consisted of 47 patients at a public dental clinic in the County of Bohuslan, Sweden; 23 with low (group L) and 24 with high caries activity (group H). They were asked to brush their teeth with a fluoride dentifrice at the clinic using an identical technique to that which they employed at home. Various factors, such as brushing time, amount of dentifrice, water consumption and mouthrinsing habits after brushing, were carefully registered. Saliva samples for fluoride analyses were collected up to 45 min after brushing. The members of group L used less rinsing water (0.7 +/- 0.6 dl; mean +/- SD) than those of group H (1.9 +/- 1.0 dl, p < 0.001). Comparing the mouthrinsings with water after the brushing, a significantly higher frequency was observed in group H (3.6 +/- 1.9 rinsings) than in group L (1.5 +/- 0.7 rinsings; p < 0.001). There were no differences between the two groups regarding the amount of dentifrice used and the total brushing time. When the salivary fluoride concentration was plotted vs. time and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated, a significantly higher mean value was found in group L than in group H (p < 0.01). Calculation of the correlation coefficient (r) between the AUC value and the amount of water used gave r = 0.53 (p < 0.001) and between the AUC and the frequency of mouthrinsing r = 0.46 (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1993
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9. Subject Index Vol. 44, 2010

Author

L.-K. Wendt, M.E. Ottenga, L.T. Singer, K.R. Stenhagen, K. Pienihäkkinen, L.H. Hove, P. Lingström, R.P. Shellis, R.M. Santamaría, B. Holme, J. Gomez, C.W. Garvan, P.K. Meurman, R.E. Croucher, G. Koch, T.M. Ardenghi, P. Tschoppe, C. Piovesan, P.A. Harris, R. Schulte, P.J. Allison, V.C.C. Marinho, M. Tellez, M. Addy, V.V. Gordan, D.M. Parker, A.B. Tveit, Druck Reinhardt Druck Basel, M.E. Barbour, S. Taxt-Lamolle, J.R. Praetzel, G. Oldaeus, A. Siegel, S. Martignon, H. Meyer-Lueckel, G. Lombardi, A.J. White, Scott M. Nelson, S. Wishnek, M. Stensson, K.R. Ekstrand, D. Birkhed, F. Vargas-Ferreira, Satz Mengensatzproduktion, C.A. Hemingway, J.M. Albert, F.M. Mendes, G. Asaad, H.L. Kirchner, I. Magnusson, S. Ijaz, and D. McEdward

Subjects
Index (economics), business.industry, Dentistry, Subject (documents), Psychology, business, General Dentistry
Published
2010
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11. Recommendations at the Plenary Session

Author

K.G.G. König, E.M.S. Edmondson, D. Birkhed, A.-K. Holm, and T.M. Marthaler

Subjects
Gerontology, Medical education, business.industry, Medicine, Plenary session, business, General Dentistry
Published
1990
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15. Acknowledgement of Financial Support

Author

D. Birkhed, K.R. Ekstrand, G. Lombardi, A.J. White, H. Meyer-Lueckel, P. Tschoppe, F. Vargas-Ferreira, P. Lingström, S. Taxt-Lamolle, P.K. Meurman, P.J. Allison, K.R. Stenhagen, H.L. Kirchner, C.W. Garvan, M.E. Ottenga, B. Holme, G. Asaad, J.M. Albert, D. McEdward, S. Wishnek, F.M. Mendes, J. Gomez, I. Magnusson, S. Ijaz, M. Stensson, R.M. Santamaría, T.M. Ardenghi, D.M. Parker, P.A. Harris, L.-K. Wendt, R. Schulte, L.T. Singer, K. Pienihäkkinen, R.P. Shellis, G. Koch, A. Siegel, C. Piovesan, C.A. Hemingway, M. Addy, Scott M. Nelson, V.V. Gordan, A.B. Tveit, S. Martignon, V.C.C. Marinho, G. Oldaeus, M.E. Barbour, Satz Mengensatzproduktion, R.E. Croucher, L.H. Hove, J.R. Praetzel, M. Tellez, and Druck Reinhardt Druck Basel

Subjects
business.industry, Acknowledgement, Accounting, Business, General Dentistry
Published
2010
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16. Subject Index Vol. 29, 1995

Author

G.K. Stookey, T.C. Aitchison, C.B. Bennett, D. Birkhed, M. Grindefjord, K.K. Mäkinen, C.J. Kleber, G. Dahllöf, A.E. Hall, T. Iwase, Jr. Pape H.R., P.J. Isokangas, R.J. Lamont, J. Brown, D.A.M. Geddes, S.L. Creanor, D.M. O’Mullane, Y. Li, K. Sjögren, N. Kippuw, S. Tagomori, I.G. Chestnutt, W.H. Bowen, E. Bashir, N. McGuinness, A.J. Ireland, P. Creedon, S. Davis, S.-Z. Dung, B. Rangmar, R.L. Gregory, M. Sherriff, F. Lagerlöf, T.J. Holland, T.W. MacFarlane, M.S. Putt, A.M. Vacca-Smith, R. Strang, J.F. Buijs, K.W. Stephen, L.K. Kopec, K.P. Isotupa, W.H. Gilmour, C. van Loveren, J.M. ten Cate, P.P. Hujoel, R.H. Foye, T. Modéer, T.A. DeRouen, A. Gustavsson, and H. Whelton

Subjects
Index (economics), Statistics, Subject (documents), General Dentistry, Mathematics
Published
1995
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21. Author Index / Subject Index

Author

K.G.G. König, A.-K. Holm, D. Birkhed, T.M. Marthaler, and E.M.S. Edmondson

Subjects
Gerontology, Index (economics), Subject (documents), Psychology, General Dentistry
Published
1990
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23. Influence of Sucrose Concentration on Production of Organic Acids, Soluble Polysaccharides and Reducing Sugars in Human Dental Plaque in vitro

Author

D. Birkhed and G. Frostell

Subjects
Adult, Male, Sucrose, Adolescent, Dental Plaque, Fructose, Dental plaque, Polysaccharide, Sucrase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polysaccharides, medicine, Humans, Glucans, General Dentistry, chemistry.chemical_classification, medicine.disease, In vitro, Fructans, Glucose, Enzyme, chemistry, Biochemistry, Female, Acids, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract

The production of acids, the synthesis of water-soluble polysaccharides by soluble enzymes and the formation of reducing sugars were quantitated at three different concentrations of sucrose in plaque

Published
1978
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25. Caries in Rats Fed Highly or Slightly Hydrolysed Lycasin®

Author

G. Frostell and D. Birkhed

Subjects
Sucrose, biology, Chemistry, Starch, Oligosaccharides, food and beverages, Cariogenic Agents, Dental Caries, biology.organism_classification, Streptococcus mutans, Hydrolysate, Rats, Hydrolysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sugar Alcohols, Biochemistry, Dietary Carbohydrates, Animals, Female, Food science, General Dentistry
Abstract

Four groups of Wistar rats, 10–12 animals per group, were fed a diet containing: (1) sucrose, 56%; (2) highly hydrolysed starch hydrolysate (Lycasin®), 32%, and unmodified starch, 24%; (3) slightly hy

Published
1978
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26. Automatic Titration Method for Determination of Acid Production from Sugars and Sugar Alcohols in Small Samples of Dental Plaque Material

Author

D Birkhed

Subjects
Sucrose, Chromatography, Dental Plaque, Sugar Acids, Fructose, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Xylitol, Dental plaque, medicine.disease, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sugar Alcohols, chemistry, medicine, Maltitol, Humans, Organic chemistry, Sorbitol, Mannitol, Sugar, General Dentistry, medicine.drug
Abstract

A method for the determination of acid production in suspensions of 5–10 mg (wet weight) of human dental plaque is described. With this method it was possible to investigate the fermentability of up to 10–15 substances with plaque material from one subject. The amount of alkali required per unit of time to keep pH constant was followed by an automatic recording titration system. Sorbitol, maltitol and Lycasin® were fermented at a significantly slower rate than glucose, sucrose and invert sugar. No acid production was found from mannitol and xylitol. The acid production activity with fructose was on average 21% lower than that from glucose. However, this difference was not statistically well established (p

Published
1978
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27. Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 30th ORCA Congress

Author

H.R. Mühlemann, Gunnar Rölla, S.M. Amsbaugh, A.R. Firestone, E. Monell-Torrens, Anne Bjørg Tveit, A. Groeneveld, E.I.F. Pearce, J. Afseth, H.M. Theuns, Jyrki Räisänen, Janet A. Brunelle, F.C.M. Driessens, G.N. Jenkins, J.W.E. van Dijk, R. Schmid, David R. Appleton, Shou-Hua Li, William H. Bowen, A.F. Hackett, Ivar Espelid, E. Dahl, Anja-Riitta Luoma, Andrew Rugg-Gunn, J.E. Eastoe, and D. Birkhed

Subjects
business.industry, Library science, Medicine, business, General Dentistry, Engineering physics
Published
1984
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