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1. Contents Vol. 52, 2009

Author

Peter Revill, Sang Hoon Ahn, Hiromi Yatsuji, Satoshi Saitoh, Hongyi Xin, Xiaoyue Chen, Kenji Ikeda, Zhongqiong Yin, Reiko Saito, Detlev H. Krüger, Helene Norder, Hiromitsu Kumada, Yasushi Suzuki, Yadanar Kyaw, Makoto Naito, Isolde C. Dapat, Hiroshi Suzuki, Wiebke Handke, Fei Liu, Stephan Schaefer, Tao Shen, Taeko Oguma, Miharu Hirakawa, Yun-Lian Zou, Qihui Luo, Yufei Guo, Mariko Kobayashi, Renyong Jia, Norio Akuta, Tetsuya Hosaka, Hitomi Sezaki, Masahiro Kobayashi, Lars O. Magnius, Tin Maung Cho, Xin-Min Yan, Yusuke Kawamura, Yasuji Arase, Andreas Rang, Hassan Zaraket, Tatiana Baranovich, Anchun Cheng, Xuefeng Qi, Danjuan Li, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Hong Dong, Fumitaka Suzuki, Mingshu Wang, Han Ge, Jian-mei Gao, Clyde Dapat, Lilly Yuen, Dekang Zhu, and Go Hasegawa

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Virology
Published
2009

2. Clarification Required for the Definition of Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotypes C1 and C2

Author

Peter Revill, Lilly Yuen, and Sang Hoon Ahn

Subjects
Hepatitis B virus, Phylogenetic tree, Genetic Variation, Clinical manifestation, Biology, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, Infectious Diseases, Western europe, Genotype, Hbv genotype, medicine, Humans, Taxonomy (biology), East Asia, Phylogeny
Abstract

To the Editor Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into 8 major genotypes A to H, with an intergenotypic diversity of at least 8% in the full genome sequence. Genotypes A to D are the most common worldwide, with genotype A predominant in Western Europe, North America and Africa, genotypes B and C most frequent in Asia, and genotype D present in Mediterranean countries [1] . There is increasing evidence that HBV strains, even within the same genotype, differ in virological and clinical manifestation. Within the HBV genotypes, variability of between 4 and 7.5% has led to further classification into subgenotypes [1] , although HBV subgenotypes are yet to be ratified by the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) [2] . The HBV genotype C is prevalent in Asia, where it causes more serious liver disease than genotype B [3] . In the 2004 report of Norder et al. [4] , phylogenetic analysis of 66 complete genotype C genomes identified 4 groups of genotype C (C1–C4), with clear geographical clustering. The C1 subgenotype consisted of HBV strains from East Asia, including Japan, Korea and China, whilst the C2 subgenotype dominated in China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Bangladesh. The C3 subgenotype was confined to New Caledonia and Polynesia and subgenotype C4 was confined to Australian aborigines in Northeast Australia. Subsequently, a C5 subgenotype has also been identified in the Philippines [5] . Published online: September 17, 2009

Published
2009

3. Subject Index Vol. 52, 2009

Author

Isolde C. Dapat, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Hong Dong, Hongyi Xin, Danjuan Li, Fumitaka Suzuki, Sang Hoon Ahn, Tetsuya Hosaka, Hiromi Yatsuji, Han Ge, Mingshu Wang, Peter Revill, Mariko Kobayashi, Miharu Hirakawa, Taeko Oguma, Hassan Zaraket, Reiko Saito, Jian-mei Gao, Yufei Guo, Lars O. Magnius, Hitomi Sezaki, Tin Maung Cho, Andreas Rang, Qihui Luo, Tatiana Baranovich, Xuefeng Qi, Xin-Min Yan, Hiroshi Suzuki, Xiaoyue Chen, Satoshi Saitoh, Detlev H. Krüger, Yasuji Arase, Clyde Dapat, Stephan Schaefer, Yusuke Kawamura, Wiebke Handke, Zhongqiong Yin, Yasushi Suzuki, Anchun Cheng, Makoto Naito, Masahiro Kobayashi, Fei Liu, Helene Norder, Tao Shen, Kenji Ikeda, Dekang Zhu, Go Hasegawa, Yadanar Kyaw, Lilly Yuen, Hiromitsu Kumada, Renyong Jia, Yun-Lian Zou, and Norio Akuta

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Index (economics), Virology, Statistics, Subject (documents), Mathematics
Published
2009

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