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Introduction: The benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy (AR) or salvage radiotherapy (SR) after prostatectomy is still unclear. We wanted to compare both types of radiotherapy after prostatectomy in terms of oncological and functional results. Methods: We included 173 patients treated at a single center between January 2005 and December 2008. All patients were treated with the same radiotherapy protocol (3D conformal radiotherapy accelerator 6 mV, 66 GY). AR was defined as radiotherapy initiated in a patient with a PSA level 10%. Both groups were compared in terms of biological progression-free, metastasis-free, and overall survival (OS) using log-rank tests. Moreover, acute and late urinary and gastrointestinal toxicity were also compared. Results: One hundred and fifty-seven patients underwent an open retropubic prostatectomy whereas 16 underwent a laparoscopy (6 subperitoneal and 10 transperitoneal). Eighty-six patients had AR with a median time of 6.7 months after surgery and 87 had SR with a median time of 21.4 months after surgery. Median follow-up was 6.7 years. Metastasis-free survival (MFS) was better in the AR than in the SR group (p = 0.01, 6-year MFS 95 and 89%, respectively). OS was also better in the AR than in the SR group (p = 0.02, 6-year OS 100 vs. 95%, respectively). AR was associated with better survival with no biochemical recurrence (85 vs. 63%, p < 0.00001). There was no significant difference between groups for acute or late urinary or gastrointestinal toxicity. Conclusion: Our study suggests that patients treated by AR have better results in terms of OS, disease-specific survival, survival without metastatic recurrence, and survival without biochemical recurrence compared with SR. Toxicity was comparable between both groups.

Background: To investigate the incidence, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of renal graft carcinomas in the same renal transplant population. Methods: From April 1989 to April 2012, 1,037 consecutive renal transplantations were performed in our department. Data were collected prospectively in an extensively maintained database. For all recipients, monitoring consisted of clinical examination and an abdominopelvic CT scan or ultrasonography at least once a year. Results: After 1,037 renal transplantations, 48 men and 14 women (sex ratio 3:4) with a mean age of 54 years (25.1–78.9) were included for urological malignancies. Eight graft carcinomas were identified: 7 renal cell carcinomas (5 papillary carcinomas and 2 clear cell carcinomas of the renal graft) and 1 transitional cell carcinoma of the ureteral graft (incidence 0.78%). Nephron-sparing surgery was chosen for 5 patients with good outcomes. All graft renal cell carcinomas were classified as pT1a and the mean size of tumors was 28.4 mm (range 6–45). The 5-year specific survival rate was 100%. No recurrence was observed with a mean follow-up of 36.8 months (4.1–84.3). Conclusion: Thus confirming an increased risk of de novo graft cancer, close monitoring of renal transplant recipients should be discussed with at least an abdominopelvic ultrasonography and PSA measurement once a year. Renal cell graft carcinomas seemed to be mostly small and of papillary type and low grade.