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Two schemes to find approximated solutions of optimal control problems of fractional order (FOCPs) are investigated. Integration and differentiation matrices were used in these schemes. These schemes used Chebyshev polynomials in the shifted case as a functional approximation. The target of the presented schemes is to convert such problems to optimization problems (OPs). Numerical examples are included, showing the strength of the schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a numerical scheme based on hybrid Chelyshkov functions (HCFs) is presented to solve a class of fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs). To this end, by using the orthogonal Chelyshkov polynomials, the HCFs are constructed and a general formulation for their operational matrix of the fractional integration, in the Riemann–Liouville sense, is derived. This operational matrix together with HCFs are used to reduce the FOCP to a system of algebraic equations, which can be solved by any standard iterative algorithm. Moreover, the application of presented method to the problems with a nonanalytic dynamic system is investigated. Numerical results confirm that the proposed HCFs method can achieve spectral accuracy to approximate the solution of FOCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]