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In conflicts between a state and a non-state actor, such as a paramilitary or terrorist organization, when no official diplomatic relations and recognition exists, there is a need for actors who can serve as a "diplomatic avant-garde." This article identifies a diplomatic pattern in which breakthroughs occur through cooperative work between two types of actors: unofficial citizen diplomats and key figures in intelligence bodies. Each actor brings specific resources: unofficial actors have contacts with the non-state actor, while intelligence officers can offer backing from within the official system of the state. The article analyzes the topic using three case studies: Brendan Duddy and the MI6 officer Michael Oatley (UK and the Provisional IRA, 1975–1993); Willie Esterhuyse and the head of the South African National Intelligence Service, Neil Barnard (South African government and the ANC, 1987– 1990); and Gershon Baskin and the Mossad official David Meidan (Israel and Hamas, 2011). This study examines the unique relations between these two types of actors and how their collaboration promoted negotiations with non-state armed actors. It analyzes three stages: establishment of contact between these actors, persuasion of the relevant parties, and the breakthrough moment when talks shifted to an official back channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the genesis, scope, and significance of the 1899 Hague Convention's prohibition against pillage. It analyses how it intersected with the moral contours of pillage as revealed in the actions and attitudes of British soldiers, British commanders, and Boer civilians during the South African War. In doing so, it crosses from ideal moral theory to international law, to shared and disputed moral beliefs among participants in the South African War. Drawing from pillage in the South African War, it concludes that the motives, policing, and moral and political context of pillage are vital to understanding its historical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between sport and war in Britain during the South African War, 1899–1902. Through extensive press coverage, as well as a spate of memoirs and novels, the British public was fed a regular diet of war stories and reportage in which athletic endeavour and organized games featured prominently. This contemporary literary material sheds light on the role sport was perceived to have played in the lives and work of the military personnel deployed in South Africa. It also, however, reveals a growing unease over an amateur-military tradition which equated sporting achievement with military prowess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In investigating the reading practices of Boer combatants during the South African War, diaries, letters, and reminiscences were consulted. The state of literacy reveals a picture of a small number of highly literate men, a larger group of adequately literate men, a still larger group of semi-literates, and the illiterate. Reading matter included the Bible, newspapers, and books. Issues raised are: Did literacy (or illiteracy) influence military decision-making or troop morale? Were certain works making some impact on the battlefield? Was the practical experience the Boers had gained before the war more successful in planning strategy and tactics than literacy? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyers Naudé was a well-known anti-apartheid Afrikaner clergyman, who spent seven years in the 1970s and 1980s under a banning order that was instituted against him by the South African government. Today he is revered as a model of racial reconciliation. However, in the 1960s he lost his status as minister in the Dutch Reformed Church because of his political stance. He then served as director of the Christian Institute, and as editor of the progressive journal, Pro Veritate. He also became an advocate of Black Consciousness and the black liberation movements in their struggle for equal rights. In all of this, the concept of violence was an underlying theme, and this article describes, from the point of view of his writings, how his understanding of the legitimate use of violence developed during the course of his public career. It is shown that the role of memory, particularly the transferred memory of his father’s participation in the Second Anglo-Boer War, was demonstrably influential in the son’s decision making, with special relevance for his evaluation of the role that violence might play in the process of liberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the wartime cartoons of the News of the World’s J.M.Staniforth, whose work reached substantial audiences at the time and in republications. The cartoons tell us about the cartoonist’s views and also suggest the attitudes of his readership, particularly in respect of the approach and outbreak of war; responses to British military reverses; the welfare of servicemen and their families; the controversy surrounding the ‘scorched earth’ policy. Even patriotic supporters of imperial expansion were unable to conceal their doubts and unease over both the causes of the war and the methods by which it was pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although reconnaissance was considered the primary duty of cavalry, British cavalry were poorly trained in this role prior to the Anglo-Boer War (1899—1902). The dismal performance of scouting duties in this conflict prompted a complete overhaul of reconnaissance organization, while innovative training methods were introduced to improve scouting and horse-mastership. Although the process was not without difficulties, the results were positive and proved extremely valuable in 1914. It is the purpose of this article to add to the ongoing debate on British cavalry in the period 1899—1914 by demonstrating how the vital skills of reconnaissance were developed as a result of the Anglo-Boer War experience. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Tilly extols the power and compass of 'superior stories' compared with 'standard stories'. However, things are not always so clear cut, as the case study discussed here shows. A 1906 - 1914 research investigation headed by P. L. A. Goldman, which has initially concerned with the enumeration and commemoration of the deaths of Boer combatants during the South African War (1899-1902), and later with the deaths of people in the concentration camps established in the commando phase of this war, is explored in detail using archived documents. Now largely forgotten, the investigation was part of a commemorative project which sought to replace competing stories about wartime events with one superior version, as seen from a protonationalist viewpoint. Goldman, the official in charge, responded to a range of methodological and practical difficulties in dealing with a huge amount of data received from a wide variety of sources, and eventually produced 'the number' as politically and organisationally required. However, another number of the South African War concentration camp dead - different from Goldman's, and also added up incorrectly - concurrently appeared on a national women's memorial, the Vrouemonument, and it is this which has resounded subsequently. The reasons are traced to the character of stories and their power, and the visibility of stories about the concentration camp deaths on the face of the Vrouemonument, but their anonymity within Goldman's production of 'the number'. Tilly's idea of an 'in-between' approach to analysing stories by historical sociology is drawn on in exploring this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than a century now the British army has been criticized for its performance in the South African War of 1899-1902. In recent years, however, this consensus has been challenged: revisionist historians have argued that criticism of the late Victorian army and its commanders has been unfairly harsh. But a detailed study of the military manoeuvres held on Salisbury Plain in September 1898 indicates that the army's critics have not been so unfair after all. The results of these exercises were decidedly mixed, and generals such as Sir Redvers Buller went on to repeat their mistakes in South Africa the following year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines Scotland's engagement with the Boer War, through the medium of Imperial Yeomanry detachments raised locally between 1900 and 1902. Drawing partly on data from surviving attestation forms, a picture is built up of the recruitment profiles, enlistment motivations, and war experiences of these 'soldier-citizens'. This volunteering phenomenon is placed in the context of the Scottish military tradition and popular empire loyalty. Geographically and socially inclusive, the 'Scottish Yeomanry' represented a distinctive presence within the larger UK corps. Its war service captured the popular imagination and helped reconnect public opinion with Scotland's role in the broader imperial project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the success of the Perskantoor Van Het Algemeen Nederlandsch Verbond, an international protest movement in Dordrecht, Netherlands during the Anglo-Boer War from 1899-1902. It discusses how South African Republic Ambassador doctor W. J. Leyds organized the propaganda in early middle November 1899 with the help of grammar school teacher H. J. Kiewiet de Jonge. It says that Kiewiet and Leyds have consigned the German edition, "Ein Jahrhundert voller Unrecht" to the wholesale merchant Eiffe from Hamburg, Germany. Furthermore, the Perskantoor has not only published and distributed informative pamphlets internationally but also provided pro-Boer groups in Germany, England and France with brochures for further use.

Focuses on the influence of Boer War in Kosovo, Servia on the medical developments in the battlefield. Evaluation the medical experience in the battlefield; Impact of war conduct and climate on the healing of gun shot wounds; Inadequacy in the medical preparations on a large-scale war.

The article presents a discussion on the nine strategies that compose feminist fractured foundationalism and its strengths and limitations in methodological terms. Feminist fractured foundationalism was operationalized as a methodology in a research project in South Africa concerned with investigating two important ways that the experiences of children in the South African war 1899-1902, particularly in the concentration camps established during its commando and 'scorched earth' phase, were represented which were in the official records and in photography.