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S.H. Foulkes's paper concerning the Oedipus situation—published some 40 years ago—is still relevant in current group analytic practice. Main phrases of the Foulkes article, such as 'regression', 'infantile sexuality', 'Oedipus conflict', the 'Sphinx-like mother' and 'transference' are examined. Based on a case report about sexual pairing in group psychotherapy, the author depicts the course of events before analysing the enactment of the protagonists, the role of the group, somatic sufferings during the group process, boundary violations and countertransference factors, and discusses diagnostic and therapeutic implications as well as the need for further research on the special topic in group analytic psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racism, misogyny, intersectionality, colonialism, asylum seekers, patriarchy Keywords: racism; misogyny; intersectionality; colonialism; asylum seekers; patriarchy EN racism misogyny intersectionality colonialism asylum seekers patriarchy 520 527 8 12/06/21 20211201 NES 211201 Introduction The focus of my response is racialized misogyny. Conclusion I propose that group analysis with women asylum seekers and with women intergenerationally forged in colonialism and slavery demonstrates that we cannot assume group analysis is fit for purpose in racialized misogyny. [Extracted from the article]

Histories of psychoanalysis largely respect the boundaries drawn by the psychoanalytic profession, suggesting that the development of psychoanalytic theories and techniques has been the exclusive remit of professionally trained analysts. In this article, I offer an historical example that poses a challenge to this orthodoxy. Based on extensive archival material, I show how British psychiatric social workers, a little-studied group of specialist mental hygiene workers, advanced key organisational, observational, and theoretical insights that shaped mid-century British psychoanalysis. In their daily work compiling patient histories, conducting home visits, and interviewing the parents of 'maladjusted' children, psychiatric social workers were uniquely positioned to expose the importance of family relationships in the development of childhood neuroses. As this article details, their analytic attention to these dynamics not only influenced, but fundamentally constituted the innovative research on maternal-child relationships and family therapy pioneered by eminent psychoanalyst John Bowlby. In addition, psychiatric social workers produced and published independent psychoanalytic research, and fiercely debated the limitations of analytic concepts such as transference. In presenting the relationship between British psychiatric social work and psychoanalysis, this article suggests a new way of telling the history of both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the large group is a mandatory part of the Institute of Group Analysis London Qualifying Course, its history and theory have been absent from the curriculum. This fringe status can be seen as a reflection of the challenge the large group offers the analyst—trainee and practitioner alike. It exposes structures of power, reveals issues around race and gender, and brings historical trauma to light. The question is, are we willing to look within? My 'journey into the wilderness' is a step towards an answer. As such, this article is framed as field research, focusing on the lived experience of the large group, as well as revisiting its past. It moves between two paradigms of practice—developmental large groups in training institutes and discrete large groups at conferences—and seeks to define the purpose of this ritual, as well as set new ground lines for ethical practice. Through the use of large group material, I trace the theoretical language of koinonia, fellowship, dialogue, outsight and equivalence, and exemplify learnings around the mechanisms of projective processes. I suggest that a projection must be felt before it can be returned, but in such a multi-person setting, 'countertransference' does not do this work of integration justice. Finally, I address containment and introduce the concept of reverie/participation. Through this model the large group grants us an experience of embeddedness, and awakens our responsibility for the challenges of history making, and social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration is a crisis-prone, complex process, often involving the need to acquire a new language, frequently at the expense of the mother tongue. Thus, the phenomenon of immigrants requiring various forms of mental health assistance while having limited fluency in the therapist's language is widespread. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has become a widely prevalent therapeutic approach in many countries, including countries absorbing immigrants. This article reviews case studies that relate to the use of CBT with immigrants, both in individual and group sessions, focusing on the position of the patient's mother tongue in the process. Research has persistently shown that the mother tongue is emotionally significant—using it, being exposed to it, expressing emotions and understanding emotions expressed in it, having access to it and to memories encoded in it, and the like. Given these dimensions, it plays a potentially important role in the therapeutic process. The pivotal question, then, is whether a therapeutic process that is essentially emotional can be effective if the mother tongue is not an inherent part of it. This article addresses this issue while examining the mother tongue's position in CBT, the therapists' awareness of these issues, the accommodations, if any, made in this regard, the therapists' point of view, and suggestions for improving the use of CBT with immigrants. It is written to be of relevance to a diverse audience including researchers from varied disciplinary backgrounds, therapists who work with multilingual patients (especially immigrants or members of other minority groups) or are multilingual themselves. Our aims, therefore, are to contribute to the theoretical understanding of the mother tongue's centrality in emotional processes and to offer some practical recommendations for therapists and training institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foulkes placed working with countertransference and parallel process as central to group supervision. This article offers a model for developing supervisory skills in recognizing and making use of countertransference and parallel process in group supervision. It adds two perspectives: firstly it draws on Alfred Lorenzer's concept of 'scenic understanding', a method of identifying social and cultural triggers from the past that cause patients' problems in the present but which are outside of conscious awareness. Secondly, it adapts a reflecting team approach developed by Anderson and Prest for use in training supervisors of groups. In the following model of reflecting team supervision it is the therapist's 'scenes', triggered and evoked by a patient or therapy group that are presented. The supervision group responds by offering their associations and emotional responses, and this is observed by a reflecting team. They then change places and the supervision group watches the reflecting team offer their observations and hypotheses. In the final stage of the process, the two groups meet together to share their learning and reflect on the experience. This approach is illustrated with vignettes, and highlights some of the benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the author's article is to learn about the history of denied and ignored psycho- and group existences in East-Germany. It mentions psychoanalytic therapy sank to its lowest level and ended up declaring the diagnosis psychopathy' lethal; and also mentions in contrast to the German psychoanalytic history, group analysis in East and West Germany could merge and that two professional communities were able to cooperate and even find a social space.

This article investigates the changing justifications of one of the hallmarks of orthodox psychoanalytic practice, the neutral and abstinent stance of the psychoanalyst, during the middle decades of the 20th century. To call attention to the shifting rationales behind a supposedly cold, detached style of treatment still today associated with psychoanalysis, explanations of the clinical utility of neutrality and abstinence by ‘classical’ psychoanalysts in the United States are contrasted with how intellectuals and cultural critics understood the significance of psychoanalytic abstinence. As early as the 1930s, members of the Frankfurt School discussed the cultural and social implications of psychoanalytic practices. Only in the 1960s and 1970s, however, did psychoanalytic abstinence become a topic within broader intellectual debates about American social character and the burgeoning ‘therapy culture’ in the USA. The shift from professional and epistemological concerns to cultural and political ones is indicative of the changing appreciation of psychoanalysis as a clinical discipline: for psychoanalysts as well as cultural critics, I argue, changing social mores and the professional decline of psychoanalysis infused the image of the abstinent psychoanalyst with nostalgic longing, making it a symbol of resistance against a culture seen to be in decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I will present the contribution of the conductor’s self-disclosure of negative countertransference in group analytic psychotherapy and its advantage over interpretation in the working through of projective identification that leads to a therapeutic impasse. I will also discuss the issues of timing of self-disclosure and spontaneity versus judicious self-disclosure. The presented ideas will be demonstrated through vignettes from analytic groups that I conduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This lecture explores how the ambient network amongst group analysts has grown from Foulkes’ own biography through figurations of home in group psychotherapy where members’ attunement and alignment transpose longing into belonging. The three underlying dimensions of group analytic psychotherapy—the relational, reflective and reparative—are described and illustrated with clinical vignettes and music. These dimensions are found working in the current, transference, projective and primordial domains of small therapeutic groups and in the large group dynamics of the lecture’s audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different pathways chosen to efficiently and effectively provide relief to those struggling with mental health challenges reflect different assumptions about the human condition and have led to disagreements over which intervention strategies are best suited to particular individuals or populations. Evidence-based practice and culturally competent services, as discussed within the United States, have been characterized as opposites. However, neither approach captures all of the elements that embody the full treatment experience. This article offers a framework that includes the personal identity of the practitioner and the organizational context as two elements that serve as active agents in the helping relationship, although they have rarely been included in the discourse about evidence-based practice or cultural competence. Suggestions for practice, education, and research are included based on this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents abstracts on group analytics and group therapy which includes methods to study transference in groups, complexities of a pregnant group member, and music therapy for group analytics.

We all carry within ourselves unconscious images of significant figures from our past, which affect the way we relate to particular figures in the present. When considering group analysis, we see that each group member unconsciously brings to the therapy group his/her entire collection of inner significant objects, which may be individual objects and, as we will see in this article, may also be group objects. These may then be unconsciously projected onto individual members, the conductor and/or the group-as-a-whole and can affect their real behaviour in the group in positive and negative ways. The conductor's task is to help analyse these multiple transferences and projections in order to facilitate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the large group philogenetic regression is very easy. It concerns more ‘the masses’. The large group is more concerned with the primordial level of the Foulkes’ matrix, with the archetypal representations of the collective unconscious.The small group, the ‘family group’, is more concerned with transferential phenomena of the matrix.In the median group, the social group, the transference phenomena almost disappears and the specific non-transferential phenomena of group analysis occurs: mirroring, resonance, ego-self training in action etc., are in the foreground, together with the archetypal representations of the primordial level of the matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countertransference themes which developed in therapeutic and research relationships with torturers are described and explored. They include dysregulated affect, a sense of role reversal, disconnection from others, anger, a sense of betraying victims and the disruption of long-held beliefs. Ways of dealing with countertransference in relation to perpetrators are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group-analysis historically developed from psychoanalysis but it added a multipersonal or social dimension, which is important in the understanding and management of patients suffering from bipolar affective disorders—as they often experience significant relationship difficulties. There is empirical evidence that homogeneous therapy groups for bipolar patients are beneficial, particularly those using psychoeducational and integrative approaches. There is additional evidence from process and case studies research that bipolar patients can benefit from group-analytic psychotherapy. However, the group conductor has to work harder than usual to make the group into a therapeutic tool. This may require that the therapist is especially vigilant on boundaries and limit setting. Transference interpretations may need to aim at translating the, at times, difficult behaviour of the bipolar patient into the language of interpersonal problems. This article includes clinical material from a heterogeneous analytic group, which was pushed to breaking point by a 40 year-old bipolar patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses the contributions of one particular service user to highlight the value of seeking and using service user input into the design, delivery and evaluation of clinical services. The voices of patients have often gone unheard and unheeded on such issues. The Cassel Hospital, which is usually seen as a champion for listening to the views of patients, is used to exemplify the very real difficulties involved in true listening. It is seen to have been difficult and complicated for us in that institution to give up a more paternalistic omniscient stance. However the many values of true listening makes it easier, once started, to continue with seeking and using service user input to improve clinical services. Transference is seen to be robust. We end with a challenge to colleagues working in other psychotherapy service settings to seek to find the value for them in involving and listening to the views of service users. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The author reports the contribution of feminist therapy to the empowerment of Japanese women. The use of the psychoanalytic concepts of transference and counter-transference to examine the awareness of feminist therapists of challenges in the therapist-client relationship are described. The current situation in which feminist therapy in Japan functions as well as suggestions for improvement is also highlighted.

The therapist’s subjectivity—the complex of personality, character, feelings, thoughts, fantasies, many of which remain out of awareness—affect how we comport ourselves, how we relate to our groups, and how they relate to us. The dynamic factor involving the group leader’s psychology—the ‘me’—is always prominent and influential, and often apparent to group members, although not always articulated consciously or publicly. Using myself as a clinical example, I illustrate how unresolved Oedipal and sibling dynamics were involved in my perceptions, theory, and technique—perhaps in every micro-action and interaction that comprised a group experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author describes a group experience carried out in a preadolescent unit in which patients have severe narcissistic pathologies and thought disorders. After an exploration of the psychopathological and metapsychological characteristics presented by the subjects and a description of the group setting, the author proposes an analysis of the intrapsychic and group process. He attempts to show that the outcome of the therapeutic process relies on a strict transference and counter-transference relationship—the subjects may then begin to symbolize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores different leadership styles in group therapy in Egyptian and British socio-cultural contexts. The authors suggest factors which influence leadership to be the working theoretical model, supervisory and training tradition, therapist personality and socio-cultural factors. It describes Egyptian model as being empowering, with encouragement of experimentation in the group. Moreover, it found a significant danger of reducing the group analytic leadership to a caricature of passive therapist making the occasional whole group transference interpretation.

The article addresses the subject of 'applied' group analysis. Regarding the development of group analysis itself, the very term 'adaptation' represents a key element of Foulkes' theoretical and clinical thinking from early on. This is particularly obvious in his first book Introduction to Group Analytic Psychotherapy (1948). Discussing problems of applying group analytic principles to field other than the purely therapeutic, Foulkes resorted to the holistic ideas of Kurt Goldstein, especially his notion of the 'total situation'. Unlike the traditional psychoanalytic assumptions, a 'total situation' for Foulkes is not the totality of transference and counter transference but a social situation in its total dynamic. Therefore, thinking in terms of 'total situation' could serve as a key to unlock the problems of applied group analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scientific, educational, business, military, and political groups assume that people who solve problems in groups and teams will solve subsequent problems better as individuals than people without previous group problem-solving experience. In order to assess such group-to-individual transfer, sets of three people solved four letters-to-numbers decoding problems as groups (G) or individuals (I) in five conditions: GGGG, GGGI, GGII, GIII, or IIII. Results supported four hypotheses: (a) groups performed better than individuals, (b) positive group-to-individual transfer occurred, (c) one group experience was sufficient for transfer, (d) transfer was at the level of group performance (complete) on problems 2 and 3 but incomplete on problem 4, due to exceptional performance in the GGGG condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the development of an anti-group among a group of parents whose children committed suicide. All the participants but two were children of Holocaust survivors (i.e. second-generation Holocaust survivors); these two were married to second-generation Holocaust survivors, so that in all cases, the son who committed suicide had at least one parent who was a second-generation Holocaust survivor. The article explains the transference, countertransference and projective identification that developed in the group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors explore the issue of ending and loss in a time-limited closed group for women who experienced sexual abuse in childhood. During the course of this one-year long group we found ourselves questioning our chosen model. Should we have adopted a slow-open model or offered a longer time-limited group? We were not in agreement over this. As the group progressed we began to understand our disagreement in terms of our differing countertransference responses to the issues of hope, survival and loss which were present in the group. What is needed for the ending of the group to be mourned and survived? Is it realistic to expect women who have suffered early childhood trauma to have developed this capacity within such a short time? These important questions are considered in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I will define my concept of the social unconscious and specify several aspects of it, and compare this concept with the Jungian concept of the collective unconscious. I will focus on the constraints and restraints of the social unconscious on transference and countertransference processes by persons in groups (Part I, December, 2006) and by groups of persons (Part II, March, 2007). I will also discuss continuing resistance to the use of the 'social unconscious' in clinical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I will consider ‘group (T)ransference’ and ‘group (t)ransference’ processes that are co-created by members of the whole group to a particular object they hold in common, such as their conductor, the evolving dynamic matrix of the group, etc. In Part I, I (Hopper, 2006) discussed transference and countertransference processes by persons in groups: both (T)ransference by individual participants to the conductor of the group and (t)ransferences by individual participants to one another, and to particular objects who they hold in common, as well as (c)ountertransferences by the conductor to individual participants and to the group as-a-whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I will outline the main theories and conceptualisations of transference and countertransference in groups and by groups, and the social unconscious. Jam increasingly convinced that working in and with transference and countertransference processes is vital to the clinical project, and that taking a 'relational' perspective is essential to this. Based on a monograph that I am writing about transference and countertransference processes, these notes are not new, but I hope that they will be useful, especially to students and younger colleagues. In Part I, I will consider transference and countertransference processes by individual persons in groups, and in Part II, to be published in March 2007, transference processes by groups of persons. In Part 111, to be published in June 2007, I will summarise a few points about the theory and concept of the social unconscious, focusing on the effects of the social unconscious on transference and countertransference processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presentation of encounters with two migrant doctors with a past history of extreme sexual exploitation of their female patients presents an uncomfortable coming together of cultural observation, medical ethics and therapeutic transference. Colonial and postcolonial stereotypes evoked by their actions are briefly considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author considers different interpretations and views of the role and focus of the group analyst in counter- transference. The term `scenic understanding' is introduced, which enables analysts to discern and understand the situation as a re- enactment in a therapeutic state and a clinical vignette demonstrates how this enhances the relationship between the analyst, the group members and the group as a whole, in search of the underlying truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's comments on the article "The Malign Transference: Dealing with the Unbearable in the Internal World of the Murderer," by David Jones. The author refers to the play "The Iceman Cometh," written by American dramatist Eugene O'Neill, in which the central character puts an end to his life on acquiring self-knowledge. According to the psychoanalyst Wilfred Bion, a group therapist and therapeutic community leader, an individual relates to others to three essential states, love, hate and knowing. He stresses that knowing oneself and knowing oneself in relation to others and the thought process that leads to it, is not an academic exercise. On the other hand, it is arrived at by remembering and attending to painful emotional experiences. Bion states that when faced with difficult thoughts and feelings one can either seek to evade them or to modify them and his capacity to modify them is influenced by his childhood experiences like how capable his caregivers were to accept his states of mind.

A period of transition in the life of a forensic outpatient group is described. Transference and countertransference issues were stirred up by the change of conductor and related to the theme of perversion in the group. In order to preserve confidentiality, the identity of group members is disguised. Their contributions to the group have been combined and changed in order not to represent individuals but to convey the essence of the group process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights specific and unique challenges which confront the therapist when dealing with patients suffering from the effects of trauma within a war situation - refugees, displaced persons and relatives of those who have `disappeared' in war. In presenting clinical vignettes, the author focuses on war in Croatia, whilst also demonstrating how many problems are common to all those in war situations, including the therapist as well as patients, particularly problems and dilemmas in countertransference and empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I recount the difficulties of working with the group whose members were traumatized during the bombing of Serbia and Montenegro in 1999. The difficulties were most present in transference-countenransference relations. The focus will be the influence of the projective identification mechanism on counter-transference, and how this mechanism is used in order to express the feelings that cannot otherwise be expressed, except for the therapist to experience them. The communications aspects of Projective Identification (PI) were evident when the group members tended to provoke certain feelings and thoughts within the therapist, trying to involve him in some kind of an acting-out and so avoid anxiety related to their feelings. Therefore it was of great importance that the therapist should observe his countenransference feelings as the way for the feelings of the group members to be registered, since they cannot be registered in any other way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the view of the author on the article "Guidelines for Art Group Therapy As Part of a Day Treatment Program for Patients With Personality Disorders," by Siri Johns and Sigmund Karterud. The article point out that art group therapy is an integral part of most units in the "Norwegian Network of Psychotherapeutic Day Hospitals." It gives a very useful theoretical frame of reference for using art therapy, emphasizing that it is a form of psychotherapy, which gives an added visual dimension to the therapeutic encounter. It emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic process and elements such as transference and projection. The combination of group analysis, group interaction, systems theory and theme-centred interaction is one of the strongest points of art therapy professional training and probably of practice in Great Britain. A true integration of group and art therapy would not prioritize one over the other, as they are both essential aspects of the process. It emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic process and elements such as transference and projection.

This paper documents how eating disorders are treated through homogeneous slow-open groups, alternating small groups with larger groups. The work performed was tested using transference and countertransference analysis supported by the use of the MRG grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I draw on issues posed by an experiential women's group, first, to explore relations between women in groups and, second, to highlight how gendered institutional dynamics enter into relations of desire and authority between women. Reviewing current literature on women, gender and groups, I discuss the absence of discussion of the erotic (including the homoerotic) within groups ' including women's groups and how this connects with questions of agency, power and knowledge. The gendering of power and authority and its reflections within group processes is also considered. Two contrasting representations emerging from the group material, the 'experienced lesbian' and the 'murderous doctor', are then analysed as indicative of the range of available transferential positions in which the (woman) group conductor can be located. It is argued, first, that such broader consideration of women's positions within group processes promotes exploration of the multiple and diverse forms of sexed/gendered relations within groups. Second, that these relations may transcend actual sex/gendered positions, whereby, third, attending to such institutionally gendered power dynamics accords with group analysis as an arena connecting individual, familial and broader cultural relations, and in which transformative relations can be prefigured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is there a distinctive group-analytic approach to individual psycho-therapy? In seeking an answer to this question, the social context of psychotherapy is examined and the need for a psychotherapy of connectedness proposed. The group frame that group analysts inherently adopt in their psychotherapeutic work is seen as a valid basis for such an enterprise. A recasting of the therapeutic relationship and the transference–countertransference configuration in individual psychotherapy in line with this aim is proposed, in a way that draws on contemporary relational theories, including self psychology and the intersubjective school. It is likely that much of this is implicit in the way group analysts work with individuals. The challenge is to develop this as an explicit medium of individual therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the relationship between group analysis and democracy with special reference to transference phenomena. Accordingly, Foulkes's concept of leadership and transference in groups is compared with Freud's analysis of mass formation, hypnosis and transference love, and the concept of transference further elucidated with particular reference to Laplanche's 'General Theory of Seduction'. Finally, the group-analytic process and training is suggested as a training for citizenship, where group analysis and democracy are indissolubly linked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manifold interactions between the members of (therapeutic) groups lead to an actualization of past experiences with corresponding transferences as well as to a containment in the here and now. When the group is treated as a whole, narcissistic injuries may be experienced by the members that can culminate in a negative outcome of group psychotherapy. In groups led by a therapist focusing on both the participating individuals and the group situation, the narcissistic injuries in general do not reach so deep and can be contained by fostering cognitive sensitization and intellectual reflection. The density of interactions within the group confronts the triggered emotions with a containing social reality. Transferences to group members regarded as self-objects may also occur in the group leader. The supervision of group psycho-therapists, either singly or group style, may help the psycho-therapists to liberate themselves from their narcissistic needs and thereby to gain more freedom themselves and allow more freedom to the group members whom they treat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the aims of child psychotherapy from a Kleinian perspective. Following a brief historical overview, it uses a children's story and clinical material to suggest that one aim may be described as helping the child to reintegrate split-off parts of the personality. It is argued that this approach is significantly different from those that are targeted at symptom relief. The importance of interpretation is emphasized as the means by which the child is given an experience of being able to think about feelings that may previously have been disowned. The ability to own these feelings is seen as integral to mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intersubjectivity, the intersection of two (or more) subjectivities, is emerging as a key concept in psychoanalysis. The intersubjective perspective stands in contrast to classical psychoanalytic theorizing and implies that much current thinking about subjectivity and objectivity needs revisiting. Views on subjectivity within philosophy, developmental psychology and psychoanalysis have much to offer group analysis (and, one suspects, vice versa). The everyday assumption that our subjectivity is essentially private is challenged. The article takes a fresh look at the notion of countertransference and emphasizes the group conductor's subjectivity as crucially constitutive of the group process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the transferential feelings evoked in the group therapist, towards the phantasy object that is the group-as-a-whole. This focus allows the analyst to present a specific viewpoint as to the unconscious function accorded to the therapist of a group-analytic group. It is proposed that this function is essentially a paternal one and forms part of the primitive oedipal triangular matrix that inevitably develops in any group situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the concept of transference in group analytic psychotherapy. Topics discussed include the concept of multiple transference in which the patient shows signs of multiple personality, characteristics of transference in group therapy, and the method used by therapy theoreticians to elicit a transference neurosis.

Discusses the psychoanalytic theories about interpersonal relationships and developmental or observational studies to find ways of reaching a child with autism. Symptoms of autism; Example of a child with the capacity to play; Information on counter-transference.

This article describes a psychodynamic approach to autism developed by the author under the auspices of the Tavistock Autism Research Workshop; the approach pays particular attention to the impact on the family of living with a person with autism. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of observation and counter-transference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Race enters into psychotherapy in ways that parallel its operation in society. This article offers in a 'narrative of race' an integrated model of psychological stress that is used as a guide in the biopsychosocial formulation of a case presentation. Negative internal models of relationships include that of the black matriarch, the emasculated black male, the white authority figure and the black self-rejected image. In the discussion of an African American patient in psychotherapy, we use these negative internal models to address two controversial issues. First, to what extent are racial conflict and negative internal models of relationships incorporated into the black patient's dysfunctional life issues? Second, can black patients resolve issues caused by their need to function in a racially stratified society through a therapeutic alliance with therapists from other cultures? We support the position of cross-race therapy dyads with the acknowledgment of race in the consultation room. African American patients can receive effective therapy from any culturally oriented therapist who facilitates the resolution of racial conflict. From this foundation, we propose a dynamic model in which the therapist enters the experience of the African American patient and establishes fixed points of reference for the proper detection of trans-ference/countertransference issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the working and personal relationship between two co-conductors of a group of adolescent women with eating disorders, and how this relationship changes and contributes to the significance of the countertransference process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]