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This article offers both a literature review, and perspectives on the definition and nature of depressive illness, its various modes of presentation, and its significance in male, female and adolescent populations. It provides a brief review of some of the ideas about the aetiology of depression, outlines how to recognize it and discusses its relevance to forensic populations. Finally it suggests how early detection of depression and, consequently, more adequate access to treatment intervention, can be facilitated. Unfortunately, the presence of depression is sometimes overlooked and therefore missed (particularly in males) sometimes with tragic consequences for the sufferer and for society. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The December 2006 edition of Probation Journal contained an article by David Smith entitled 'Making sense of psychoanalysis in criminological theory and probation practice'. This paper attempts to extend the parameters of Smith's discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the problems inherent in demonstrating the relationships between mentally-disordered states and crimes of violence. Particular mental states are selected, somewhat arbitrarily, for this purpose. The article argues that such relationships also need to be considered against current social cancerns with public protection and risk prevention in the light of media influences. Practice concerns are addressed throughout the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now in his 86th year, the author offers brief comments on some of the differences in the setting and practice of probation compared with those described by Jake Phillips in a recent issue of Probation Journal (Phillips, 2014). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]