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Children with conduct problems benefit less from empirically supported interventions for disruptive behaviors when callous-unemotional (CU) traits (i.e., lack of empathy/guilt) are also present. Traditional “gold-standard” interventions for disruptive behavior disorders that focus primarily on improving parenting skills fail to address the core deficits in emotional processing and empathic responding unique to children with co-occurring conduct problems and CU traits (CP + CU). This case study presents a follow-up of the treatment of a young boy with severe disruptive behavior and pronounced CU traits using a novel, brief adjunctive treatment called Coaching and Rewarding Emotional Skills (CARES). Findings (a) indicate short-term improvements in empathic responding and emotion recognition with CARES and (b) provide preliminary support for supplementing parent training with a brief adjunctive intervention to improve socio-emotional behavior and CU traits. Novel targeted interventions for children with CP + CU are critically needed given their poor prognosis and long-term impairment.

The study examined data from the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring-II (ADAM-II) program from 2007 until 2010 at 10 U.S. metropolitan jails to determine factors influencing the accuracy of self-reported drug use. The overall kappa coefficient for self-report data and urinalysis results of any type of drug use in the past 72 hr was.52, indicating a moderate level of agreement. Greater accuracy in self-reported drug use was found among arrestees who tested positive for methamphetamine and marijuana, although these results differed by age and race/ethnicity. African Americans provided less accurate self-reports of drug use than Caucasians, and younger arrestees less accurately self-reported all types of drug use except for marijuana. Persons with no prior arrests had higher accuracy of self-reported drug use than those with a history of frequent arrests, and prior involvement in substance abuse treatment was associated with more accurate self-reporting of drug use. FINDINGS indicate moderate accuracy of self-reported drug use among new arrestees, with the accuracy influenced by demographic factors, arrest history, and substance abuse treatment history. Keywords: Juvenile justice Language: en

With increased public awareness of the risks of blood transfusion and the decreased availability of blood products, the decision to transfuse a patient should be considered carefully. Most patients require a blood transfusion when haemoglobin levels fall below 8 g=dl or when there is greater than 30% loss of blood volume. However, the main indication for transfusing a patient is to increase their oxygen-carrying capacity and through invasive monitoring provide evidence of inadequate tissue oxygenation. Blood transfusions should be based on the patient’s risks of developing complications of inadequate oxygenation rather than on a single haemoglobin ‘trigger’.