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Introduction: Gender-based violence (GBV) poses a significant threat to women with refugee status., Methodology: Following our analysis based on a previously published scoping review, we introduce a conceptual framework based on postcolonial feminist theory to inform research, policy, and practice that addresses the unique risk factors faced by Somali women with refugee status experiencing GBV and encountering barriers to care., Result: The framework synthesizes existing literature, incorporates findings from previous work with Somali women, and emphasizes the importance of understanding structural and sociocultural factors influencing help-seeking., Discussion: By developing women-centered interventions, health care and social service institutions can play a pivotal role in addressing GBV for Somali women with refugee status., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: The benefits of breastfeeding in promoting child survival are well recognized. As one of the nutritional interventions for children, exclusive breastfeeding protects babies from various diseases that contribute to infant morbidity and mortality. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has examined the influence of breastfeeding promotion programs on exclusive breastfeeding rates in sub-Saharan Africa., Research Aim: We examined the influence of breastfeeding promotion programs on exclusive breastfeeding rates at < 1 month, and at 1-5 months of breastfeeding in sub-Saharan countries including Ghana, Burkina Faso, Uganda, South Africa, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of Congo., Methods: A systematic review and meta-analyses study of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies was conducted by searching in electronic databases and articles' reference lists. Two investigators independently evaluated and extracted the data. A total of 131 studies were identified using five databases. Of the 10 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for systematic review, seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. We used a random-effects model to pool studies together and performed a subgroup analysis., Results: Breastfeeding promotion programs resulted in significantly higher exclusive breastfeeding rates at < 1 month ( OR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.36,1.86]). However, there was no significant effect observed for exclusive breastfeeding at 1-5 months. Combined interventions were more effective in improving exclusive breastfeeding rates than individual counseling or home-based counseling alone., Conclusion: Breastfeeding promotion programs in sub-Saharan Africa are effective in increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates at 6 months after birth.