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Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have demonstrated promising, though limited, efficacy against melanoma. Methods: We designed a model system to explore the efficacy of dual specific T cells derived from melanoma patient TILs by transduction with a Her2-specific CAR. Results: Metastatic melanoma cells in our biobank constitutively expressed Her2 antigen. CAR-TIL produced greater amounts of IFN compared with parental TIL, when co-cultured with Her2 expressing tumor lines, including autologous melanoma tumor lines, although no consistent increase in cytotoxicity by TIL was afforded by expression of a CAR. Results of an in vivo study in NSG mice demonstrated tumor shrinkage when CAR-TILs were used in an adoptive cell therapy protocol. Conclusion: Potential limitations of transduced TIL in our study included limited proliferative potential and a terminally differentiated phenotype, which would need addressing in further work before consideration of clinical translation., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), 2021.)

Previous studies of parental presence at induction of anaesthesia in children have examined parental reaction to being present and the benefits gained from their presence. This study was undertaken specifically to assess parents' attitudes to being present at induction of their child's anaesthetic. A total of 154 questionnaires were distributed over a two-week period to parents of children presenting to the Day Stay Unit for procedures requiring general anaesthesia. Eighty-eight percent would have liked to be present at induction. Only 41% of parents expected to be present and only 40% of parents were actually present for their child's induction. Of those parents present, 94% felt it helpful to their child, 65% helpful to themselves and 41% helpful to the anaesthetist. No-one felt their presence to have been unhelpful. These results may provide an incentive for anaesthetists to review their current paediatric anaesthetic practices.