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Bleached, mercerized cotton fabrics were used in this research. In the first phase, the dyeing of cotton fabrics with a blue vat dye Bezathren Blau BCE was performed, and in the second phase, the dyed fabrics were immersed into a colloidal silver solution. The colloidal silver solution was prepared via synthesis from AgNO3 and reduced with NaBH4. Parent cotton fabrics were also immersed into the colloidal silver solution. A comparison of the quantity of silver on the parent and vat-dyed cotton fabrics was performed. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed a silver content that was almost two times higher on the dyed and silver-treated cotton fabrics. All samples (parent and dyed) treated in the colloidal silver solution showed excellent antimicrobial activity. The fiber surfaces were imaged using a scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of vat-dyed and vat-dyed silver-treated fabrics and the wash fastness of silver-treated samples were determined.

In an attempt to use minimal concentrations, initially, of silver nanoparticles for loading onto textiles and to achieve maximum concentrations on the material, CF4 low-pressure plasma was used on bleached and mercerized cotton fabric. The concentrations of silver on the fabrics were determined by the ICP-MS method (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry), the morphology of fiber surfaces was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study was used for the evaluation of surface chemical changes. The antibacterial effect of silver loaded fabrics was tested against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The best results were found for plasma-treated cotton fabric functionalized with 30 nm silver particles. The results show effective plasma etching of the fabric surface, which caused excellent adhesion of silver particles. Color measurements of dyed samples showed that CF 4 plasma does not affect the color of dyed cotton. The mechanical properties of cotton remain unaltered after plasma treatment.

The objective of this research was to use Ar/N2 (50%:50%) plasma to increase the adhesion of nano silver particles to raw polyester fabric. RUCO-BAC AGP was applied using the exhaust method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed differences in surface composition between the Ar/N2 plasma-treated and untreated raw fabrics. The Ar/N2 plasma treatment was found to increase the surface carbon concentration and decrease the concentration of C-O and O-C=O groups on the surface. After plasma etching, the specific surface of the polyester fabric and properties related to it were found to change significantly. This change was confirmed by a decrease in the whiteness index and an increase in the dyeability of the polyester fabric with disperse dye. Morphological changes in the surface of plasma-treated polyester fabric enabled greater adhesion of nano silver particles and increased the antimicrobial effect with respect to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis.

In this work, the antibacterial and other properties of polyester fabrics previously functionalized by corona and/or silver nano particles have been studied. Corona air plasma was used as a pretreatment of raw, washed and washed-thermostabilized polyester fabrics to increase the adhesion of nano silver particles resulting in an excellent antibacterial effect. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was applied to analyze the surface composition and chemical bonding of the surface atoms on untreated and treated fabrics. The surface morphological changes of polyester fibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The quantity of silver on the polyester fabrics was determined by the use of the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry method. The antimicrobial properties of functionalized polyester fabrics were tested according to American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM Designation: E 2149-01. Additionally, the dyeing of polyester fabrics with selected disperse dye as well as capillary action tests were performed to confirm the chemical and morphological changes of polyester fibers after corona treatment. Considerable differences in surface composition were found between the raw and washed or washed-thermostabilized fabrics. The surface of raw fabrics is richer in carbon and the concentrations of the C—O and O—C=O groups are lower than on the other samples. An opposite effect is observed for washed and washed thermostabilized fabrics. SEM analyses show that the plasma treatment also affects the surface morphology. The chemical surface composition and morphology are highly related to the hydrophobicity and hydrophylicity, and the achievement of better nano silver adhesion and enhanced dyeing and antimicrobial properties of differently prepared corona plasma-treated polyester fabrics. Therefore, corona air-treated raw polyester fabrics demonstrated optimum antimicrobial properties due to the excellent adhesion of nano silver.

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of temperature, pH, and the addition of sodium oxide silicium oxide (soso) on the dyeability of cotton warp during the process of dip-dyeing. A simulation of the dip-dyeing technique was used. The results show a negligible influence of dip-dyeing bath temperature on the color yield of cotton warp. Lower pH values of dip-dyeing baths cause better dyeability. Addition of soso has a particular influence on the color yield of cotton warp. As a result, the dip-dyeing procedure is shortened when soso is used. The change of color of dip-dyed cotton warp, depending on different pH of the baths and on the addition of soso, was studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. XRD showed that the dyeing conditions do not affect the crystallographic form of indigo, which is form B in all cases. On the other hand, SEM revealed the reasons for the observed effects in the differences in the morphology of the indigo crystallites.