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Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare, genetic disorder caused by a molecular variant of TCF4 which is involved in embryologic neuronal differentiation. PTHS is characterized by syndromic facies, psychomotor delay, and intellectual disability. Other associated features include early-onset myopia, seizures, constipation, and hyperventilation-apneic spells. Many also meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Here the authors present a series of 23 PTHS patients with molecularly confirmed TCF4 variants and describe 3 unique individuals. The first carries a small deletion but does not exhibit the typical facial features nor the typical pattern of developmental delay. The second exhibits typical facial features, but has attained more advanced motor and verbal skills than other reported cases to date. The third displays typical features of PTHS, however inherited a large chromosomal duplication involving TCF4 from his unaffected father with somatic mosaicism. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first chromosomal duplication case reported to date.

This study was undertaken to establish how the current level of cognitive and academic functioning in adults might correlate with the previous testing performed at a small private school in Dallas, Texas, that serves students with learning disabilities. Each of the 40 participants had been evaluated as students 20 to 25 years previously using the standard cognitive and achievement tests accepted in practice during the 1970s. Additionally, the medical director of the school, a neurologist, had evaluated each student for neurologic and behavioral disorders. At the time of follow-up, the participants were administered a battery of intellectual and achievement measures commensurate with the previous testing and a detailed neurologic and neurobehavioral examination was performed. A significant correlation was found between the original and the current test scores, confirming both that learning disabilities persist into adulthood and that children with affective illness have a significant risk for later recurrent affective illness episodes.

Response surface methodology was used to visualize the interactive effects of de tergent concentration, agitation time, and wash temperature on removal of soil from fabrics. Plots of the whiteness index of fabrics after repeated soiling and laundering indicated that maximum whiteness occurred at approximately 0.20% detergent con centration. The wash temperature required for maximum whiteness varied with fabric type. Changes in length of agitation time within the limits of the study had a minor effect on soil removal. Labeled components of synthetic sebum could be completely removed from acrylic and nylon fabrics. Both polar and nonpolar components became trapped in the cotton fibers. Removal of nonpolar triolein from polyester was in complete and decreased as wash temperature increased. Particulate soil, as measured by x-ray fluorescence of silicon, could be completely removed from all fabrics except the acrylic.

The edge abrasion of durable-press cotton and the deposit build-up on the cotton and a nylon fabric were determined after repeated launderings with phosphate and carbonate detergents and builders. When soft water was used there were no differences in amount of abrasion or deposit. The use of hard water with carbonate products resulted in accelerated edge abrasion on the cotton, and a heavy calcium deposit on both fabrics was indicated from weight change, spectro photometer analyses, and SEM examination. Fabrics laundered with phosphate products in hard water had less abra sion and deposit than those washed with carbonate detergent or builder, but more than samples laundered in aoft water. Detergents and builders of the same type resulted in similar amounts of fabric deterioration, but detergents formed more deposit than the corresponding builder.

The performance of denim fabrics made from open end and ring spun yarns was compared ly a wear study and by aboratory measurements. For the wear study the fabrics were made into boys' jeans and were warn for a total of 26 wash/wear cycles. The results of both the laboratory tests and the wear study indicated that the ring spun fal ric was more durable than the open end fabric. However, the differences were small, and durability of both fabrics way accept able to consumers. Evaluation of the garments during the wear study was based on abrasion standards developed in the laboratory and the U. S. Army's General Equipment Test Activity system.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship of fiber content and fabric properties to the subjective evaluation of comfort of socks and to determine the subjective evaluations and laboratory measurements that best predict comfort. Socks made from all synthetic or predominantly cotton fibers were worn during exercise. Laboratory measurements were made on samples of sock fabrics which had been washed but not worn. Subjective evaluations obtained from the participants during the wear study indicated that the socks made from synthetic fibers were slightly more comfortable than the predominantly cotton socks. Prior to the wear study the majority of participants had indicated that they would select cotton socks for maximum comfort. The subjective evaluations of sock softness and foot dryness were found to be the significant determinants of comfort. Neither fiber content nor any of the laboratory measurements (weight, thickness, moisture absorption, air permeability, compressibility, and compressional resiliency) were found to be good predictors of comfort.

In the laundry process relatively high wash temperatures have traditionally been used for optimum soil removal. The use of lower wash temperatures could result in a substantial reduction in the amount of energy used in laundering. One of the purposes of this study was to determine soil removal at a range of wash temperatures with detergents of different formulations from cotton, polyester, and cotton/polyester fabrics. A second purpose was to evaluate the use of x-ray fluorescence analysis as a quantitative measure for determining particulate soil removal from fabrics. The samples were soiled by application of clay and either unlabeled or doubly-labeled synthetic sebum. Removal of oily soil was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the samples. Clay removal was measured by x-tay fluorescence analyses of iron and silicon, and overall soil removal was measured by changes in reflectance. Both clay and oily soil appeared to be best removed from cotton fabrics by higher wash temperatures. Low wash temperatures were best in removing the nonpolar fraction (triolein) of oily soil from polyester. Use of phosphate-built anionic detergents generally resulted in better soil removal than other types, regardless of wash temperature. Wash temperatures as low as 10°C gave acceptable soil-removal levels. Iron content varied with clay-particle size, thus silicon was the preferred indicator of clay content of fabrics.

A cotton fabric was artificially soiled and laundered with two different types of detergents at two different wash tem peratures. Samples laundered at 140°F were rated by subjective evaluations to be whiter, softer, and smoother than fabric laundered in unheated water. The type of detergent did not affect the softness or smoothness of the fabric. Sam ples laundered in regular detergent were judged to be whiter than those laundered in cold-water detergent. Little dif ference in breaking strength, elongation, and dimensional change of the fabric due to laundering variables was noted. Data are given on the cost of heating water and detergent. Samples were laundered at six locations and differences in water quality are reported.

Using correlation and stepwise multiple regression techniques, the garment wear scores from a wear study of men's polyester/cotton durable-press trousers were found to be related to: (1) an estimate of the physical activity of the wearer during the wear period, (2) the wearer's height and weight, and (3) Thurstone temperament scores for Dominant and Vigorous. For this sample of 22 men, the resulting regression equation accounted for 67% of the wear score variability. The correlation between the wearer's estimate of the severity of wear and the garment wear score was low. The addition of Thurstone temperament scores for Active, Impulsive, Dominant and Reflective improved the prediction of the regression equation and indicated the importance of personality characteristics in the evaluation of wear.

Thermal insulation, thickness, and volume of air per unit area of fabric have been determined for single and multiple layers of fabrics. A comparison of the thermal in sulation and thickness values obtained by the actual measurement of multiple layers of fabrics to those obtained by adding the values of the individual fabrics involved has been made. In addition, thermal insulation data for the single and multiple layers of fabrics were plotted against the values for the other properties to show the relationships that exist.

The serviceability of a minimum care type garment was studied. Men's slacks made from 65% Dacron 2 and 35% rayon fabric were worn a total of 750 hours. After every 150 hours of wear, half of these garments were drycleaned and half home laundered. The garments were evaluated by both the wearers and members of the research staff after each wear period and after each cleaning. The slacks were found to be generally serviceable after wear and cleaning. The drycleaned and pressed garments were consistently rated as having a better appearance than the laundered and pressed garments, It was necessary to press the laundered slacks before they were acceptable for wear.

A study was made of the retention of a doubly labelled synthetic sebum mixture by durable-press cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics after soiling and laundering. The laundry conditions were ineffective in removing the labelled, oily soil components (tristearin, octadecanol, cholesterol, stearic acid, and oleic acid) from the fabrics. After one soiling and laundering, more tristearin was retained by the fabrics than the other four soil components. The untreated cotton retained significantly less tristearin than DP cotton and the untreated and DP polyester/cotton fabrics. In contrast, after several soilings and launderings, both tristearin and the polar components accumulated on the fabrics and untreated cotton retained significantly more of these components than the other three fabrics.

The effect of a durable-press finish and fiber content on the removal of a synthetic sebum during repeated soiling and laundering cycles was investigated, using glyceryl tristearate 14carbon to detect residual soil. Although the untreated cotton fabric retained less soil after one soiling-laundering cycle, significantly more tagged soil could be extracted from the untreated cotton fabric than from the durable-press cotton, the durable-press polyester/cotton blend, or the untreated polyester/cotton blend after 30 cycles.

A study was made of the effect of abrasion on the retention of oily soil by cotton and polyester/cotton durable press fabrics. One set of samples was abraded in the Accelerotor, and the other set was abraded by laundering. The abraded fabrics were then soiled with a radioactive labeled oily soil and laundered for a total of ten treatments. Samples abraded in the Accelerotor to a weight loss of approximately 20% had soil retention properties significantly different from the controls or samples that had received milder abrasive treatments. The severely abraded cotton samples showed a decrease, while the blend samples showed an increase in the amount of the 3H fraction of the soil retained.