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The study investigated the extent to which the media have set the agenda for the reformation of prison, which has since August 2019 been renamed “correctional services” in Nigeria, and the corresponding level of awareness among media audience in South-East Nigeria. Survey and content analysis were the research methods adopted. For the survey, 240 subjects were purposively chosen from a cluster of two groups. In contrast, 56 randomly chosen program schedules of broadcast media and 28 issues of select newspapers for February 2017 and February 2018 were content-analyzed. Interviews were also conducted. The study revealed inadequate media coverage of the reforms and a low level of awareness among respondents. It recommended, among others, that the World Prisons’ Awareness Day held annually on February 11 should be popularized to ensure increased awareness by both the media and their audience.

This study examined how Nigerian newspapers reported the herdsmen and farmers’ conflict in Nigeria. It analyzed the contents of six newspapers to explore the primary sources, the prominence accorded the conflict reports, and the themes focused on their reportage. Findings show that out of the 159 stories considered for the study, newspapers relied mostly on their correspondents and herdsmen representatives as primary news sources. Public condemnation/protests and government/public intervention were the dominant thematic focus. The north-south media axis phenomenon in Nigeria resonated in the coverage as the frame of ‘herdsmen-against-farmers’ is indicated more in the southern-based newspapers consistent with the prevailing public notion. The study suggests that the media in Nigeria relied mainly on third party sources with the consequence their reports on the issue could be subject to source credibility deficiency. In addition to addressing the general theme of reportage of the herdsmen conflict, this study explicitly addresses how the newspapers covered the conflict in Benue and Enugu states.

News media studies, especially in the field of the political economy of media, have traditionally been looking at frames used by news media. Structures are usually examined as follows: the words or phrases emphasized; the images excluded or trivialized; and what these frames suggest about the mediated image of public issues. Recent studies in the field of media framing have also looked at how framing is evident in media messages, which have been shown to exert some influence on the formation of attitudes, opinions, and understanding of public issues. The present study theorizes that American news media are adopting and using their government’s preferred versions of foreign issues when they frame the international issues. Based on looking at the frames used by two newspapers, The New York Times and The Washington Post, this study examines news media coverage of President George W Bush’s 2002 State of the Union address.

Despite the importance of football as an effective means of developing physical activity and fitness, routine data of football-related injuries are either inadequate or underreported, particularly in Nigeria. To develop an understanding of the football-related injuries and determine the prospects for prevention, logical and useful information specifying the occurrence of these incidents is necessary. Using a content analysis of 94 football-related news articles, this study identified the most commonly reported football-related injuries in Nigerian newspapers and determined their extent of coverage from agenda-setting perspectives. Altogether, five national newspapers with the highest readership and online popularity were selected using purposive sampling. Only football-related news articles were collected from the respective websites of the newspapers using internet-based searches between January 2015 and September 2019.The findings showed that knee, ankle, and hamstring are the most commonly affected locations in football-related injuries according to the news reports.This study shows that media-based analysis of football-related injuries could supplement other methods, such as prospective and retrospective analyses, particularly in the Nigerian context.

The article examines the cultural and educational mission of modern media related to the spiritual and cultural education of youth in Kazakhstan. Over the past two decades, the socialization problems of Kazakh youth have been removed from the state’s social policy agenda. Methods of comparative and complex analysis were applied in this study. To define acute youth problems, the study analyzed television projects and printed materials related to different periods of media activity in Kazakhstan. Several sociological measurements were used to reveal the needs of the television audience. The study defined the key socialization factors and institutions of young people. The article describes the role of media in establishing social standards of behavior, communication, and activity that directly affect the process of socialization. The study analyzes the activities of TV channels performing a cultural and educational function. The need to strengthen the editorial policy of media resources, focusing on socially significant issues with priority given to social and educational broadcasting, became an essential conclusion of the study. The results of the study allowed to compile an average portrait of the young generation, as well as to identify the key characteristics for the correction of life strategies.

The earliest medical descriptions of anorexia occurred in 1689 with Richard Morton’s Phthisiologia, Or, A Treatise of Consumptions, however, it took another century for medical science to accept anorexia nervosa as a medical condition. Later on, it was Hilde Bruch who initiated the first public discussion on anorexia in the latter half of the twentieth century. While the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries resorted solely to the verbal medium to narrate their eating disorder experience, the post-millennial era turned to a variety of visual and verbo- visual media. Stylistically differing widely from verbal texts, graphic medicine, a subgenre of comics, provides singular ways of negotiating eating disorders. Accordingly, a concise overview of some of the canonical works on eating disorders from 1970-2018 will be presented. Lastly, graphic medicine and the aptness of the comics medium in representing the subtle layers of eating disorder experience will be examined.

In recent years, Arab academia inspected the phenomenon of new preachers of Islam, especially in Egypt, predicted on such notions as new liberalism, self-help, and salvation. This study contributes to the scholarship by examining the postmodern characteristics of Mustafa Hosni’s discourse, as appears in his new media materials. Drawing upon insights from media cultural studies, the paper examines the mini-narratives of a tolerant, non-violent Muslim discourse as opposed to the customarily hostile Muslim meta-narratives. Further, the study analyses all sorts of pastiche that render Hosni’s discourse hybrid, glocal, and coexistent. It uses qualitative discourse analysis to shed light on the nexus between forms of religious discourse and the logic of media consumption in Muslim late neo-liberal capitalism.

Research originally developed in the 1970s to make television and mass media advertising more effective has involved into a contemporary system of propaganda manipulation. Agents use social media to convince people that fake news is a valid reason for people to act and to vote. While the Russian manipulation of the U.S. presidential election in 2016 has received the most attention, people are being manipulated around the world. These manipulations undermine democratic governments, which require an informed, voting public. This paper outlines the theories behind the manipulation of social media and the conditions under which these efforts are most likely to work.

Representation, primarily understood as ‘presence’ or ‘appearance’ with an implied visual component, is a critical concept in the cultural milieu. Conceived as images, performances, and imitations, representations propagate through various media: films, television, photographs, advertisements, and other forms of popular culture. As such, representations of mental illness perform a pivotal role in framing perceptions about the mentally ill. These representations influence and shape public perceptions about the illness. This essay aims to analyze how mental illness is perceived, represented, and treated in popular culture and medical discourses. In so doing, the essay lays bare the ideologies and the symbolic codes that undergird these representations and the consequent stigma confronted by the mentally ill. Taking these cues, the essay close reads popular representations of mental illness in movies, newspapers, advertisements, comics, and paintings and the articulation of stereotyped images of the mentally ill in a medical discourse which externalize madness in distorted physiognomic features. In so doing, the essay exposes the negative implications of these representations on the personal and social lives of the mentally ill and negotiates the significance of personal accounts of mental illness experience as a means of reclaiming their identity.

China is now becoming a fundamental market for the prosperity and growth of the world’s tourism economy. It promotes the rapid development of foreign tourism and brings some influences to social life. Chinese tourists are highly concerned with foreign media at home and abroad; the Vietnamese Media is the same. Based on the theoretical framework, this paper analyzes the Chinese tourists report towards the Vietnamese Media “VnExpress” 2018 and discusses the construction of Chinese tourists’ image from the three views of macroscopic, the middle, and microcosmic of the news text framework. From there, it shows the tendency and prejudice of the Vietnamese media. The study found that “VnExpress” has a clear tendency; the image of Chinese tourists is full of negatives. At the same time, it indirectly involves events on political issues; Vietnamese media also maintain strong political sensitivity. Moreover, it emphasizes the integrity of Vietnam’s territorial sovereignty, the particularity of history and culture, and strengthening the sense of identity of Vietnamese readers.

This paper traces the portrayal of violence in cinema through the ages taking into consideration two films from two disparate countries and cultures - the Japanese Seven Samurai by Akira Kurosawa and its remake, the Indian blockbuster Sholay by Ramesh Sippy which was set in two different eras. This paper critiques the representation of violence in the two films and the reasons that led the films to become blockbuster hits. It takes into account the technical innovations used during the making and the resultant effect it had on the spectators. It also discusses the aspects which show that they are similar yet different from each other. Although Sholay has taken inspiration from Seven Samurai, its aggressive, dominant villain Gabbar is a well-rounded character and light has been thrown on his sadistic means. The samurai’s Bushido code of combat has been discussed concerning Kambei and the other samurai and how they remain loyal to it until the very end.

Northeast part of India has always been in the news and public discourse for ongoing conflicts and violent events occurring from time to time. In such a context, the role media plays for resolution of such conflicts and restoration of peace cannot be ignored. Years-long, this part of the country has been suffering due to conflicts of various sorts and this has led to the loss of human lives and property of unaccountable proportion. Moreover, there are instances of such conflicts later resulting in civil wars and larger humanitarian crisis with people of one community perpetrating violence on the other. In such situations, women who are considered to be the most vulnerable among all have suffered the most. In this backdrop, the paper is a content analysis of six newspapers published from three selected states from the northeastern part of India. It looks at the way media, more specifically the print reacts to conflict situations and peace processes in northeast India. Apart from that, the paper also reflects upon the perception of the journalists towards the role print media is playing in conflict situations in Northeast India.

This article analyses the discussion of nationality and ethnicity on a Bhutanese citizen journalism site which is particularly used by members of the Lhotshampa ethnic group. Many of the citizen journalists are based outside Bhutan, either in refugee camps in Nepal or as part of a worldwide diaspora. Writers on the site tackle issues relating to a nation, people, culture, and history, particularly that of Bhutan and the Bhutanese people. By criticizing accepted sources and the mainstream media and re-interpreting Bhutanese history, this group of citizen journalists works to assert the Lhotshampa people as rightful citizens of Bhutan and to re-identify other ethnic groups in power in Bhutan as migrants. Bhutan is argued to be a country where all peoples are migrants, and at the same time, diasporic writers remind their readers of why they left Bhutan and look to a better future in their new countries.

The script of The Crucible is built on a structure of binary oppositions, particularly good vs. evil and stability vs. chaos. Revealing the structure deconstructs the binary oppositions and explains how the play challenges audiences to reconsider what they understand about good and evil in their contemporary times.

The study examines the discourse of ISIS propaganda during its rise and dispersion periods, to conclude its ability to convince, when it is devoid of power, compared with its speech that was at the rising of the organization. The study’s methodology based mainly on Teun A. van Dijk’s and Norman Fairclough’s approaches to Critical Discourse Analysis. The researcher selected two long-films to be analyzed: Flames of War I (Flames of War: Fighting Has Just Begun) & Flames of War II (Flames of War until the Final Hour). The study found that there are differences in ISIS’ discourse during the periods of the rise to the collapse. Whereas its first film carried messages to America and the global coalition in the initiative of psychological warfare, the second one carried messages to its supporters and fighters to be patient and keep away from discouragement after the defeat. The study also concluded that the best way to combat the Islamic State group is through stripping it of the technological power and expertness alike, as the battle now becomes a battle of ideologies and not a battle of weapons.

Are degrading sexual references more prevalent than non-degrading references in music popular with adolescents? The purpose of this study was to perform a content analysis of contemporary popular music with particular attention paid to the prevalence of violent, misogynistic, profane, and/or demeaning colloquial references. Billboard magazine was used to identify the top popular songs appearing on top music charts from 2006 through 2016. Data show songs with justified violence themes were most commonly found in hip-hop music, whereas songs with unjustified message themes were most often found in Pop music. The present study suggests that pop and hip-hop/rap music, genres popular with most adolescents today, use frequent references involving profanity, violence, and misogynistic themes.

The third Gaza War between Israel and the Palestinian resistance erupted on the 7th of July 2014 and lasted for 51 days leaving behind thousands of victims between deceased and wounded, the majority of whom were Palestinians. The focus of this study is the coverage of the media gatekeeper for 2014 Gaza War; the Hebrew online newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth as a case study. The study is testing Gatekeeping Theory using quantitative methodology and content analysis as data collection technique. The main findings include the use of interesting frame for the presentation of information by Yedioth Ahronoth, the focus of the newspaper is to show the Israeli issues, perspective, and to ignore the Palestinian sources of news and to depend on the Israeli sources instead. This also included the provision of justifications for Israel, portraying it as a victim of war, and ignoring the Palestinian losses. Thus, Yedioth Ahronoth was biased to the Israeli side.

The paper looks at the phenomenon of fake news in the modern media. Attempts have been made to provide the theoretical background of the phenomenon of fabricating information and clarify the signs of false messages. The empirical review deals with the trends in spreading fake news in the media landscape. We rank fake news topics by popularity; examine the issues of changing public trust in various news media as a source of information; structure the sources of misinformation and identify the major motives behind them; and discuss positive and negative outcomes of posting fake news. The study shows that propaganda is effective if society receives customized information that triggers the expected emotional response of the target audience. For these purposes, the article establishes the fundamental mechanisms for using fake news. The research presents the criteria for identifying fake news and develops its classification according to the degree of falsity. The generalization conducted makes it possible to conceptualize the phenomenon of fake news. The research results aim to resolve the problem of recognizing and controlling fake news in the mass media.

The argument of the paper is that media narratives serve the dual function of (de)legitimation. While manufacturing legitimizing consent for consumerism, media narratives delegitimize the old patterns of existence as well by penetrating deep in cognition and creating anomalous desires that refuse to take cultural rigidities as given. Media screens provide visual (re)presentation of real places and social arrangements; with the aim to overturn them with conceived mirror images of perfect. These narratives are endowed with the power to create new self, territorialized in heterotopias of the screen. The new personifications are contested by “pious” adherents of cultural continuity. By opting for the technique of Critical Discourse Analysis; paper aims to revisit the discourses of women empowerment and dependency, in a Hindi commercial movie “Badrinath Ki Dulhania” (Badrinath’s bride) (2017), and lifestyle advertisements of Fair & Lovely (Fairness Cream) (2002-2017) telecasted across South Asia, and an android phone Q Mobile (2016) in Pakistan.

With the introduction of the Internet, online news sites are encouraging ordinary people to discuss and address their issues. Employing critical discourse analysis approach, this paper analyses the discursive representation of news articles published on tsheringtobgay.com. A critical discourse analysis of articles published on the site reveals that Bhutanese news issues are discussed through two main discursive constructions: the discursive construction of Bhutanese culture and moral responsibility, and the discursive construction of national politics. Within these two constructions, five major techniques are identified by which news discourses are constructed. The analysis concludes that articles published on the sampled site describe the Bhutanese people as being responsible and generous and encourage readers to enhance their mutual understanding, promoting peaceful coexistence in society. However, the news articles are critical of politicians and sceptic about government plans and programs.

While the Internet and multimedia applications have made it easy to produce and spread media, they have also made it possible to distribute fake news to masses. With over 200 million active users in India and growing, WhatsApp's reach and features make it a top choice to spread fake news. This not only influences public opinion in India but has also sometimes created panic and incited to violence. This paper looks into how political propaganda is peddled through the WhatsApp in the form of 'news' (fake news). It also explores what makes the WhatsApp such a powerful application in Indian context, how do people use it and how existing laws in India make it difficult to trace the origin of the fake news.

Fake news and its repercussions are now a global concern, especially in the wake of the recent incidents that have shook the credibility of media, be it regional, national or global. Media is now a web of propagandas and there are more views then news. Three stories (Myanmar coup, Dimapur Lynching, and Grenfell Tower fire) were taken as case study to understand the morphology of fake news. These news stories have been representative of the news globally, nationally as well as regionally but nevertheless bearing a powerful impact in the news scenario. All the stories have one thing in common primarily designed to suit agenda setting and framing theory, to suit the agendas of political interest as well as cultivate ideas in the minds of the people. Deducing from the analysis, the paper suggests media filtering for restoring credibility, accountability and authenticity of journalism. The paper also framed onion layer trapping that could be a plausible source of fake news.

"In South Africa, local government elections are held every five years, with the next ones scheduled for 2016. During the last local government elections in 2011, much media coverage was given to political parties' manifestos and slogans. They are frequently layered with social and political references, and the terms used are often emotionally resonant across a broad spectrum of the electorate. One term frequently found in such rhetoric is "community." This article explores the term as it was used in a number of different political parties' manifestos during the 2011 local government elections. The authors utilise research methods that allow a neutral interrogation of the manifestos., "In Südafrika werden alle fünf Jahre Kommunalwahlen abgehalten, die nächsten sind für 2016 vorgesehen. Während der letzten Kommunalwahlen im Jahr 2011 fanden Wahlprogramme und Slogans der politischen Parteien in den Medien große Aufmerksamkeit. Diese Texte sind oft mit sozialen und politischen Botschaften unterlegt. Die Wortwahl setzt auf emotionale Reaktionen in einem breiten Wählerspektrum. Ein viel genutzter Begriff ist 'community'. Die Autoren haben ermittelt, wie häufig der Begriff in den Programmen einer Reihe politischer Parteien während der Kommunalwahlen 2011 eingesetzt wurde. Ihre Forschungsmethode erlaubt die neutrale Untersuchung der Programme." (Autorenreferat)

© 2015, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies. All rights reserved. The most common framework through which we understand media communication and political/social stability in China is that of hegemony and control. This characterization may have served us well in documenting how the mandate for stability often results in censorship, regulation and restriction, but it has two major faults: First, the focus on crackdowns, bans and censorship usually tells us something about what the party-state does not like, but does not convey much about what it does like. Second, it often obscures the routine ways the party-state and the market work together to shore up ideological domination and maintain stability. In this analysis of the policies, economics and content of a broad range of television programmes, I suggest that we look at the media and communication as an ideological-ecological system in order to arrive at a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between China’s media practices and its ongoing objectives.

India though being the birthplace of the ancient science of sex, it is really a matter of shame that the post British India, considers it a taboo, to talk and discuss it in the public. Like many other ancient scriptures and technologies that were all initiated by India, but are now used and further developed by the western world, India, in this case too only boasts itself of having just invented this, but, with little implications in their modern life. Like the Vedas, Upansihadas, Ayurveda, Yoga, Mathematics, Kamasutra or the science of sex, had also developed in this part of the world first, but, is considered obscene in present day India. What is even more insane is that there are numerous, monuments, buildings of the ancient and medieval history still present in this country, which openly depicts sex in the form of sculptures and paintings, and are popular tourist destinations, but watching the same over electronic media has been labelled illicit.

This article discusses how documentary film as site of memory has constructed the memory of the Second World War. Its focus is on Dutch documentary films produced by the end of the 1980s and in the 1990s and their relation to both the discourses of memory and of documentary representation. The construction of memory is closely related to the debate on historical representation, centred around the Shoah as an event of extreme importance. This article addresses these debates as well as the interventions made by filmmakers. With the help of several examples from Dutch documentary practice, its aim is to illustrate how representational modes in documentary film are related to the construction of memory.

One of the most significant features of the television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigationis its central preoccupation – forensic evidence – and the profession practised by its major characters – forensic science. Scientific inscriptions consistently allow the crime scene investigators (CSIs) to determine 'evidence' and 'truths' that otherwise elude them. At the same time, the dazzling digital effects used to punctuate key moments in each episode inevitably reference scientific technologies and the knowledge about reality that these promise. The success of the CSIs in every episode is premised upon knowledge guaranteed by scientific inscriptions and is itself an inscription of ways of seeing human bodies and the social body, represented by police scientists working to ensure public safety – a healthy social body. And it is also about how bodies, individual and social, are constituted as information, made knowable and validated by scientific instruments and procedures used to produce evidence.

According to Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, queer exists when the constituent elements of anyone’s gender or sexuality are not made (or cannot be made) to signify monolithically. By this definition Spike is the queerest character in the ‘Buffyverse’: both his gender and sexuality are fluid - neither is secure and both are based around excess. His gender switches from male to female and his sexuality from ‘vanilla’ to more varied and non-traditional forms of eroticism. The article argues that the character of Spike opens up opportunities for the resignification of what it means to be male or female, man or monster, dominant or submissive, ‘vanilla’ or an exponent of erotic variation - opportunities we need to seize if we are to challenge the all-pervasive binaries which govern our understanding of sex, gender and sexuality, and the interrelationship between these terms.

It is commonly understood that criminal violence has superseded political violence in Central America. Focusing on the social construction of violent realities in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Nicaragua, the authors describe the print media landscape in Central America and examine both the quality of leading newspapers and the main clusters of topics constituting the news discourse on violence. The analysis of the macro-structure of topic management in Central American newspapers allows a differentiation of the `talk of crime': it is more heterogeneous than often thought. There are signs that the problem of juvenile delinquency is emerging as the centre of a cross-country discourse on `ordinary violence'. On the other hand, the talk of crime is centred around a few topic clusters, with sexual violence and border-related discourse on violence being of key importance. Finally, the article points to a heterogeneous array of discourse events that is connected to political developments and power relations.