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Lactating adenoma is an uncommon breast palpable lesion occurring in pregnancy or lactation. Although it is a benign condition, it often requires core biopsy or even surgery to exclude malignancy. As with other solid lesions in pregnancy and lactation, lactating adenoma needs an accurate evaluation in order to ensure its benign nature. Work-up must include both imaging and histologic findings. Ultrasound evaluation remains the first step in assessing the features of the lesion. Some authors consider magnetic resonance imaging as a useful tool in cases of inconclusive evaluation after ultrasound and histologic exam in an attempt to avoid surgery. Most lactating adenomas resolve spontaneously, whereas others persist or even increase in size and must be removed. The authors present a case of a 35-year-old woman at 6 months postpartum with a lactating adenoma in her right breast. After surgical removal, breastfeeding was perfectly continued within the next 24 hours, which highlights the fact that breast surgery is most often compatible with breastfeeding., (© The Author(s) 2016.)

Blood-stained colostrum occurs occasionally during pregnancy and lactation due to a conspicuous increase in lobuloalveolar growth. We report on a case of bilateral frank blood-stained colostrum secreted during pregnancy and early postpartum, emphasizing the transitory nature of this condition and the need to reinforce breastfeeding., (© The Author(s) 2014.)

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the selection by adhesion to fibronectin (FN) also selects for cells with different tumorigenic and metastatic abilities. M3 murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells with moderate metastatic potential were seeded on FN-coated plastic substrates. Non-adherent cells were removed at 30 min, and the adherent ones were expanded in monolayer culture. Selected tumor cells were then harvested and inoculated sc into syngeneic mice. The selection procedure was repeated three times. After the third cycle, tumors were further maintained by sc trocar transplantation, and the variant obtained was called M3Ad. Although the in vitro selection was adhesion to FN substrate, the in vitro adhesion behavior of the variant M3Ad was identical to that of the parental tumor M3. However, the cytogenetic profile and the in vivo behavior indicated that M3Ad differed from M3. The distribution of the chromosome number of M3Ad cells revealed a lower mode and mean than of M3 cells. Moreover, the M3Ad variant exhibited a shorter latency, a higher growth rate and a lower incidence of spontaneous lung metastases. However, it produced significantly more and larger lung colonies than M3 after iv injection.