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Veteran community engagement is an evolving discipline informed by traditional community-based participatory research, veteran studies, and veterans themselves. This Special Issue suggests that research collaborations including military veterans, soldiers, and their families as co-researchers is a critical next step toward a design thinking perspective in social and healthcare systems for this population. This Special Issue was conceptualized through a veteran community-academic partnership formed over a decade ago. This partnership hosted several Warrior Summit conferences from 2013 to present, with the last of this series calling for academic contributions. The resulting papers drawn from the conference and other authors form this issue, and include a wide range of topics: veteran microdosing and psychedelic self-medication; a historical view of the impact of education exchange between U.S. and South Korean military nurses; strategies for engaging veterans in research of a theater-based intervention for PTSD; interprofessional approaches to addressing veteran identity considerations through collaborations between chaplain service and psychologists in the VA Healthcare System; an international perspective exploring a community collaborative with veterans in Montréal, Canada; efforts to build long-term and sustainable models for veteran engagement in health services research; community-engaged strategies to address veteran homelessness within broader housing stability efforts; and examining the role of veteran peer mentorship programs in alcohol recovery. These projects represent an emerging movement and offer a multidisciplinary roadmap toward honoring veterans voices in research, clinical services, and program development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations have long been treated as stable and fixed entities, defined by concrete buildings, catchy names, and strategic goals neatly written on paper. The Communicative Constitution of Organizations (CCO) school proposes an alternative, practice-grounded conceptualization for studying organizations as emerging in communicative (inter)actions. In so doing, CCO invites organizational scholars to trace back organizational phenomena to how they are communicated into existence. The concept of ventriloquism can help us explain the communicative constitutive view as it depicts how various elements of a situation are communicated into being and make a difference in interaction. However, ventriloquism lacks a proper methodological outline. Taking employee conversations about visions—a classic constituent of organizations—as our venue, we created a four-step framework for ventriloquial analyses and explored how visions are talked into existence. In this paper, we introduce and illustrate our analytical framework, showing how to identify, order, and present ventriloquial effects. We thus provide organizational (communication) scholars with a new methodological tool that facilitates the systematic inquiry into organizing and the organized from a communicative constitutive perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To explore safe delays for the treatment of common paediatric orthopaedic conditions when faced with a life-threatening pandemic, COVID-19, and to propose a categorization system to address this question. Methods Review of the literature related to acceptable delays for treatment of common orthopaedic conditions, experience of healthcare professionals from low resource communities and expertise of experienced surgeons. Results Guidelines for the management of cancellations of elective surgeries during a period of resource reallocation are proposed. Elective cases must not be postponed indefinitely as adverse outcomes may result. Triage of waiting lists should include continuous monitoring of the patient and close communication with families despite social distancing and travel restrictions. Telehealth becomes a necessity. Common orthopaedic conditions are triaged into four groups according to urgency and safe and acceptable delay. Categories proposed are Emergent (life and limb threatening conditions), Urgent (within seven days), Semi-elective (postponed for three months) and Elective (postponed for three to 12 months). In total, 25 common orthopaedic conditions are reviewed and categorized. Conclusion Given the uncertainty within healthcare during a pandemic, it is necessary to determine acceptable delays for elective conditions. We report our experience in developing guidelines and propose categorizing elective cases into four categories, based on the length of delay. Telemedicine plays a key role in determining the gravity of each situation and hence the amount of delay. These guidelines will assist others dealing with elective cases in the midst of a crisis. This paper initiates a coordinated effort to develop a consensus statement on safe delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various topics within the issue including metro rail in Montreal, Canada, transport history and motor clubs in Argentina.

We consider a surgical case scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing the expected time span of the schedule subject to a prespecified upper bound on the expected waiting time for each patient. The problem is challenging due to its combinatorial and nonlinear nature, and we focus on developing approximate methods to solve the problem. Specifically, we study two approximation methods. In the certainty equivalent method, we approximate the expected time span of the cases by assuming that the waiting time of each surgical case is a deterministic value. In the variance bounding method, we approximate the expected time span based on upper bounds on the variance of the surgical case waiting times. We show that the certainty equivalent method leads to a lower bound on the optimal expected time span, while the variance bounding method leads to an upper bound. Both methods suggest a simple sequencing rule, which is to sort the surgical cases in the ascending order of the surgical duration variability. Based on the upper and lower bounds, we derive a closed‐form, distribution‐free relative error bound for our sequencing rule, and show that it is uniformly bounded with respect to the number of cases. We also conduct a case study based on real‐life data on hernia repair procedures at the Jewish General Hospital in Montréal, to demonstrate our analytical models and their potential benefits for improving surgical scheduling. Finally, we conclude the paper by mentioning a few future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era of workfare, characterized by the rise of 'work first' policies, new actors are emerging in the field of labour market integration. This paper explores the role of one labour market intermediary- Petites-Mains. Petites-Mains is a Work Integration Social Enterprise (WISE), which emerged to promote the social and economic inclusion of immigrant women in Montreal. We discuss the challenges the organization confronts in balancing its hybrid economic/social mandate and countering the negative effects of the market. While WISEs in Quebec have their origins in community or religious associations and their emergence can be traced to the decline of the welfare state, over time they have become increasingly dependent on state funding (especially support from the provincial government). The increasingly neoliberal orientation of provincial governments threatens the social mandates of the WISEs. These changes are affecting the potential of WISEs to assist marginalized immigrant women. We discuss some of the ways WISEs respond to the challenges they confront, leveraging networks at a variety of scales, and in doing so, we challenge conventional accounts of the role of civil society organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population segregation measurement is a topic of broad interest in the social sciences. In this paper we draw from recent advances in the spatial analysis literature to derive individualized measures of clustering and exposure. Recent research on accessibility has seen a shift from place-based measures to person-based ones. Similarly, the notion of residential clustering and exposure patterns, while typically related to the distribution of population in zonal systems, can be modified to account for heterogeneous experiences of urban space. In particular, at the individual level, the degree of clustering and exposure is related to personal mobility and the individual experience of space. In this paper we turn to the question of whether individuals belonging to different groups and living in different areas of a city observe differences in their clustering and exposure to population groups over space. The proposed procedure is applied empirically to the case of Montreal to explore how native English speakers of various levels of mobility experience exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preference-based measures of health-related quality of life (HRQL) are used as primary or secondary endpoints in multiple sclerosis (MS) research. Objective: The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the structural, convergent, and known-groups validity of the preference-based multiple sclerosis index (PBMSI) of HRQL in people with MS. Methods: Participants were recruited from three MS clinics in Montreal. Structural validity was assessed using polychoric correlation coefficients and factor analysis. To assess convergent validity, hypotheses were formulated about the strength of correlations between the PBMSI and other HRQL measures. Known-groups validity was assessed against different measures of disability. Results: The average age of the sample was 46 and 77% were women. Factor analysis supported the structural validity of the PBMSI; the items collectively were measuring one underlying construct. The PBMSI showed convergent validity against generic measures of HRQL, and known-groups validity between persons with different levels of disability. Conclusion: The results of this study support the construct validity of the PBMSI as an outcome measure of HRQL in MS. The PBMSI overcomes limitations observed with currently used HRQL measures in MS and may be used to contrast different interventions for people with MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through an examination of nineteenth-century familial correspondence and the records of various Protestant charitable organizations in Quebec City and Montreal, this article explores the changing culture of family care during illness and old age. It posits a new interpretation for the foundation of asylums for women that emphasizes changing perceptions of the family, especially the attitudes regarding the care of servants within the household. Furthermore, it argues that the treatment of servants as both caregivers and those in need of medical care is an important yardstick by which to measure the waning of the patriarchal household and the emergence of more explicitly contractual relations between the classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various papers related to energy and environment published within the issue which were presented at the 21st World Energy Congress in Montreal, Quebec in September 2010 including one on the proper mix of energy for its long term sustainability, the increasing energy demand in Egypt, and the futire of oil sands in Canada.

With the graying of populations across the world, the travel behavior of seniors has become a topic of growing interest in planning and research. Most attention in the field of transportation has been devoted to motorized travel. However, the use of various modes of transportation, including nonmotorized travel, remains to be fully investigated. In this paper the multimodal trip generation of seniors in Montreal Island is studied. Personal, mobility tools, neighborhood, and accessibility variables are considered in a trivariate ordered probit model of three modes: car, transit, and walking. Geographical analysis of the walking component of the model helps to identify locations within the region where walking is more or less prevalent among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investing in accessible, affordable and sustainable modes of transportation is increasingly seen as an important policy tool for fostering the development of more inclusive cities and combating the rise in inequality. In this article, we review how the concept of inclusive growth has gained traction at the local level framed within a discourse of building more equitable and sustainable cities with a particular emphasis on transportation infrastructure projects as a way of operationalizing the concept as a policy tool. Using Montreal as a case study, we then proceed to evaluate two competing proposals for major public transit infrastructure projects (the Pink line and the REM Phase II) to see if one may potentially offer more inclusive outcomes in terms of transit access and mobility. We do so by first examining changes in the spatial configurations of neighbourhood income disparities in the city between 1981 and 2016. After identifying a pattern of growing spatial polarization between higher- and lower-income neighbourhoods, we use a buffer analysis of transit stations to assess which of the two proposed transit infrastructure projects is best positioned to curb the growth of neighbourhood disparities. Our results suggest the proposed Pink line project provides more coverage in terms of accessibility and connecting economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods from Montreal Nord to Lachine with the downtown core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Evidence of cultural comparisons of gender-identity-measurement scales is scarce. The present study aims to assess the scalar invariance of two dimensions of a widely used gender identity scale (Egan and Perry's Multidimensional Gender Identity Inventory) across two cultural contexts. Fourth, sixth, and fifth graders from Barranquilla (Colombia) and Montréal (Canada) (n = 351) completed an abbreviated, self-report revised version of Egan and Perry's scale. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated that typicality and pressure to conform to traditional gender roles are distinct factors and tend to be stable over time. Furthermore, a multi-group comparison analysis showed that the measurement model did not vary significantly as a function of cultural context. Our study adds evidence to support the use of a reliable and valid measurement instrument that is invariant across cultural settings, to allow comparisons that do not depend on contextual variations in the assessment of gender identity during childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines 3D modelling of architectural elements with the help of parametric components. Such components may be useful within the framework of projects dealing with virtual 3D reconstruction of heritage monuments. Architectural components of the built heritage often have complex geometry. We studied the various geometrical shapes of a given architectural element, representative of a specific period and place. This study allowed us to identify the parameters and to implement parametric objects (in Maya Environment [1]). We also developed a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to answer the user's needs while generating the 3D model representing the architectural element. Within this GUI, the user is able to make adjustments with the help of laser point clouds from laserscanning, 2D plans or photographs. We exemplify our method with a case study dealing with openings and lintels. The corpus under study consists of elements of the built heritage of Montreal (Canada) and Nancy (France). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information related to the Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA). The Annual Conference of TTRA will be held in Montreal, Quebec, from June 20-23, 2004. The theme of this year's meeting is "Measuring the Tourism Experience: When Experience Rules, What is the Metric of Success?" Each year TTRA bestows the Charles R. Goelder Article of Excellence award to authors of the paper published in the "Journal of Travel Research" during the previous calendar year deemed as having the greatest impact on tourism research theory, methodology and practice.

Suggesting that the form of signature graffiti presents a number of vital insights into the complex relationship between place and practices of writing, this paper centers on the visual space of two cities, Montréal and Warsaw. By recovering some neglected and pointing to little-known theoretical references, the essay proposes a framework for studying graffiti, a method of examining urban surface manifestations that supports a close reading of inscriptions in situ. This close reading engages with the iconographic, spatio-temporal and linguistic dimensions of wall writing in its specific locale--within the urban context as well as the discursive and graphic space of writing on graffiti. By foregrounding the place of graffiti in these varied contexts, the essay also aims to reconcile the often separate treatments afforded to images and text, representational and discursive forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural industries have assumed an increased importance to urban economic development. However, little attention has been paid to accommodating the complex set of activities--both cultural and economic--implicated in cultural production. A recognition of this complexity, however, has significant implications for policy. This paper considers the design sector in Montréal, a sector which has attained international visibility in recent years. We analyze the role played by four public and nonprofit institutions in regulating this sector and illuminate their mechanisms for reconciling commercial and aesthetic imperatives. An examination of such initiatives lends insight into the opportunities and the challenges within policy circles for accommodating a conceptualization of cultural industries that recognizes their irreducibly hybrid nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence in practice of worker cooperative ecosystems, which draws on the entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) concept, has been largely ignored in academic research. Contrasting worker cooperative development efforts in Toronto with Montréal, we affirm there are multiple and multiscalar EEs in each region, including both a dominant capitalist and a worker cooperative EE. Productive enterprises like worker cooperatives, operating with a different logic than investor-owned firms, not only construct their own EE, but the relational connectedness of the worker cooperative EE to other EEs also plays a role in outcomes. Worker cooperatives have been less successful in navigating these dynamics in Toronto than in Montréal. Future research might seek to more fully specify the relational and multiscalar configuration of regions' multiple EEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Property relations in 1980s Montreal were a venue of struggle and change. In this period, a well-organized tenants' movement and the election of progressive governments spawned a series of legal and policy changes that strengthened tenants' rights in the city. During the same period, however, an emerging police, government and media discourse cast Black communities as criminal 'ghettos', and a variety of mechanisms, including new policies meant to protect tenants' rights, were used to evict criminalized Black tenants. Guided by recent work on property and Black geographies, respectively, this article examines how racial subjects are constituted in struggles over tenants' rights. The racial limits of tenants' rights in Montreal, it argues, are traceable to the socio-spatial relations of slavery and the intensifying criminalization of Black life in the 1980s, each of which nullified Black spatial belonging in the city. The tenant, the article concludes, is never just a tenant, but also a racial subject – a subject formed at the edges of blackness. In a terrain forged by slavery and its afterlives, the possibility of expansive tenants' rights presupposes a right systemically denied in advance for Black people in the Americas: the right to exist here in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than one hundred major structures for warehousing grain were built in Chicago between the city's founding decade and the 1960s. These were vital to the city's status as a transportation and financial capital as they provided the impetus for Chicago's commodities market and enabled smooth transfer to points east by rail or ship. The city's grain elevators also served as markers of changing economic geography, as precincts developed throughout the city that related to railroad development, river and lake access, and commercial pressures. Chicago's decline as a grain market in the late twentieth century is reflected in their abandonment. While elevator structures in Buffalo and Montreal have attracted attention from architectural and urban historians, those in Chicago have been largely ignored, but they show how construction, infrastructure, politics, labor, and trade were uniquely enmeshed with one another due to that city's position within in networks of rail and water transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies on the economic significance of creativity have emphasized the role that quality of life plays in attracting talent to cities. In these studies, quality of life is seen in terms of its role in enhancing consumption. In this paper we build on a corpus of literature that considers how quality of life attributes can enhance creative production. On the basis of a study of fashion and graphic designers in Montréal, we consider the role played by material factors, such as loft-style buildings, low-cost rents, mixed-use zoning, and public space, in nurturing and supporting creativity in one of Montréal's off-beat neighborhoods. We argue that these conditions cultivate creative production by enabling a set of artistic practices and diverse encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the workstation type on the severity of mental stress by means of measuring prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Background: Workstation type is known to influence worker's health and performance. Despite the practical implications of ergonomic workstations, limited information is available regarding their impact on brain activity and executive functions. Method: Ten healthy participants performed a Montreal imaging stress task (MIST) in ergonomic and nonergonomic workstations to investigate their effects on the severity of the induced mental stress. Results: Cortical hemodynamic changes in the PFC were observed during the MIST in both the ergonomic and nonergonomic workstations. However, the ergonomic workstation exhibited improved MIST performance, which was positively correlated with the cortical activation on the right ventrolateral and the left dorsolateral PFC, as well as a marked decrease in salivary alpha‐amylase activity compared with that of the nonergonomic workstation. Further analysis using the NASA Task Load Index revealed a higher weighted workload score in the nonergonomic workstation than that in the ergonomic workstation. Conclusion: The findings suggest that ergonomic workstations could significantly improve cognitive functioning and human capabilities at work compared to a nonergonomic workstation. Application: Such a study could provide critical information on workstation design and development of mental stress that can be overlooked during traditional workstation design and mental stress assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respondent-driven sampling is a variant of link-tracing sampling techniques that aim to recruit hard-to-reach populations by leveraging individuals' social relationships. As such, a respondent-driven sample has a graphical component which represents a partially observed network of unknown structure. Moreover, it is common to observe homophily, or the tendency to form connections with individuals who share similar traits. Currently, there is a lack of principled guidance on multivariate modelling strategies for respondent-driven sampling to address peer effects driven by homophily and the dependence between observations within the network. In this work, we propose a methodology for general regression techniques using respondent-driven sampling data. This is used to study the socio-demographic predictors of HIV treatment optimism (about the value of antiretroviral therapy) among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men, recruited into a respondent-driven sampling study in Montreal, Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the way musical theater venues in Montreal were booked and managed during the continental integration of North American theater industries from the 1880s to the First World War. It investigates how local theater owners and managers cooperated with representatives of U.S.-American circuits and booking agencies that provided the shows. They had to find ways to reconcile the fragmented audiences in the bilingual city with the increasingly standardized theatrical offers available. A closer look at different kinds of mediating actors and organizations and at the range and mechanisms of the supply networks explains why those relations often did not remain anchored in a particular venue over a longer period. The profiles of theaters in Montreal shifted frequently when an especially dynamic phase of social and cultural specialization in the urban sphere overlapped with growing trans-regional rivalries between competing theatrical circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) may progress from an inflammatory to a stricturing or penetrating disease phenotype. The aim of our study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that predict disease progression in patients of the Swiss IBD Cohort Study (SIBDCS). Methods: We applied a multi-state Markov model for progression behavior of CD with three behavioral states according to the Montreal classification. The model considered transition from B1 to B2/B3 or from B2 to B3 stage. Model dynamics were summarized with transition intensities by including the effect of SNPs and calculating transition intensities for each SNP. Results: We included 1276 CD patients [669 (52.4%) B1, 248 (19.4%) B2, 359 (28.1%) B3 patients] with a median follow-up of 6.8 (interquartile range = 3.6–9.1; range 0–11.6) years. Probability for a B1 patient to develop a stenosis (B1 to B2, q = 0.033) was twice as much as compared to developing a penetrating complication (B3) during the disease course. In contrast, the probability of entering B3 stage was similar regardless of whether antecedent stricture was present (B2 to B3, q = 0.016) or not (B1 to B3, q = 0.016). We identified SNPs within the gene loci encoding ZMIZ1, LOC105373831 and KSR1 as carrying the highest risk for progression to B3, while the presence of SNPs within gene loci TNFSF15 and CEBPB-PTPN1 protected from progression to B2 or B3. Conclusion: We identified new genetic risk factors that can predict disease course in CD patients. A closer understanding on the functional impact of these genetic variations might improve our treatment options finally to prevent disease progression in CD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using machine learning and artificial intelligence, Uber has been disrupting the world taxi industry. However, the Uber algorithmic apparatus managed to perfectionize the scalable decentralized tracking and surveillance of mobile living bodies. This article examines the Uber surveillance machinery and discusses the determinants of its algorithmically powered 'all-seeing power'. The latter is being figured as an Algopticon that reinvents Bentham's panopticon in the era of the platform economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses how a subway was represented in debates on its merits as public transit for Montreal, Canada, during the 1940s and 1950s. Opponents argued that subways were obsolete in the automobile age, but supporters saw subway construction as a key tool for stimulating urban development and maintaining the city's prestige in the context of rising competition from Canada's second city, Toronto. Subway supporters regarded the project as being complementary to expressway construction, not as an alternative. A new technology developed in France provided the symbolic power that brought the project to fruition, beginning in 1960. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC) 2014 General Business Meeting in Montreal, Quebec on August 8, 2014. The meeting was started by AEJMC President Paula Poindexter of Texas. David Perlmutter moved to approve the minutes from the 2013 AEJMC General Business Meeting.

By creating and posting their own stories on the Internet, sportswomen are able to challenge the persistent, sexist, mainstream and alternative (skateboarding) media (re)presentations of female athletes. A Foucauldian discourse analysis of 262 posts of the Skirtboarders’ blog – a Montreal-based, Canadian female skateboarding crew’s Internet project – explores the ways in which a group of sportswomen circulate alternative discourses of femininity. In these (re)presentations, the Skirtboarders embrace various femininities and, at the same time, reject binaries (male/female) without explicitly claiming a feminist agenda or attaching themselves to other oppositional discourses. This indicates a third-wave feminist sensibility. The Skirtboarders reproduce some normative discursive fragments commonly found in media (re)presentations. Furthermore, they post links to mainstream and alternative media coverage of their crew, which at times reflects the ‘problems’ of historical media coverage (sexualization, marginalization and trivialization). However, most of their online productions portray them as polygendered skaters (action shots, skating activities and lifestyle) and are thus radically different. The Skirtboarders’ discursive portrayals of female skateboarders are therefore uniquely alternative to other media (re)presentations but at the same time, paradoxical. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study is the first in Canada to examine gun usage and harm to others, with original interview data, and aims to identify the correlates of sublethal violence among at-risk youth in Toronto and Montreal. Toronto youth showed 50% higher levels of this violence than Montreal youth. Despite having a common profile of conduct disorder and prior delinquency, Toronto youth were more involved in drug selling and the crack trade, and Montreal youth more likely involved in gang fighting. Ready access to firearms was reported in both locales but faster in Toronto. Logistic regression analysis for predicting using a gun to threaten or try to harm others found that drug selling was only significant in Toronto, while involvement in the crack trade and gang fighting was significant in both cities. Being able to obtain a gun in <3 hours was also significantly associated with this violence outcome in both sites. Actually harming someone with a weapon showed fewer common factors, with only gang fighting being significant in both cities. The importance of examining local patterns of youth violence, and the need for more research to assess the meanings youth impart to guns, is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, we show how the abstract city - media representations of city panoramas and the factual physical silhouette standing in for the city itself in the distance - is constituted as an emotive geography and how the production of such vistas is a political project, whose aim is to activate a future gaze. Through analysing two cities - Montreal in 1967 and contemporary Shanghai - we demonstrate how the mediatized production of urban panoramas sustains a sense of futurity through two (overlapping) forms: the conjunctional and the hyper-representational. We argue that together these panoramas invite an emotive future gaze which, through the combination of practical enactment, haptic movement in the city and political vision, constitutes an ideological force of modern urbanism. By introducing the conceptual framework of encapsulation/decapsulation, we propose a way of deepening the understanding of the symbolic and emotional negotiations involved in the production of spectacular city landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory analysis uses multiple regression modeling to help shed light on the correlates of the Black achievement gap in Montréal's public and private secondary schools. Using school-level testing data from Québec's Ministry of Education, the authors show that there is a Black achievement gap, and that this gap is highly associated with school socio-economic status, peer family structure, and average age of the student body's parents. An important secondary finding is that there remains a significant positive association of private schooling on academic achievement, even after controlling for race and all other central independent variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on various studies related to sound. It states that the Bird Radio research from the North Carolina State University led by Dr. Theodore Simons found that a small amount of background noise affect the ability of observers to detect singing birds which may be resulted to flawed data of surveys on bird populations. It discusses the study by Alex Martin of the Universite de Montreal which shows how the brain identifies specific sounds in a noisy environment in rats.

Information about the 23rd International Biometric Conference which was held on July 16-21, 2006 in Montreal, Quebec is presented. The event focused on the issue of surrogate endpoint validation where each speaker was provided with two datasets, containing data from multiple randomnized clinical trials in colorectal cancer. They offered an overview of the meta-analytic approaches available for the validation of surrogate endpoints.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is believed to reflect an inflammatory response of the sinonasal mucosa to bacteria and/or fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive organism, is frequently implicated. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is involved in innate immunity, recognizing gram-positive organisms via detection of bacterial lipopeptides. As a poor response to sinus surgery has been associated with reduced levels of TLR2 expression, and given the frequent recovery of S. aureus in this condition, we suspected that polymorphisms in TLR2 genes are implicated in this condition. Objective: To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms {SNPs) in the TLR2 gene and CRS. Methods: Two hundred six patients with severe CRS and 200 controls were recruited prospectively. A maximally informative set of SNPs in the gene encoding TLR2 were selected from the HapMap data set and genotyped. Results: Eleven of 12 SNPs were successfully genotyped. No significant associations could be detected for the SNPs tested within the limitations of our study, which has the power to detect only those SNPs with a relative risk of 2.0 or greater. Conclusions: Our findings do not support a role for polymorphisms in the TLR2 gene in the pathogenesis of CRS. Nevertheless, other genetic variants within genes regulating innate immunity may be involved and will require further assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines how the visual and spatial structure of Montreal's Expo 67, its texture, encapsulated a "future gaze" and how this encapsulation project was related to the overarching transformations of Montreal. Expo 67 was a sight, an experience-scape, and a mediator of Montreal as a future world metropolis. The article discusses how different "means of encapsulation," such as transit systems, multiscreen cinema, and surveillance systems, promoted new ways of seeing, which in different ways were to translate Montreal into a city of the future. It also introduces the concepts of texture and encapsulation as a general framework for understanding the ways in which urban planning, mediatization, and event production are interwoven in late modern societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The visual landscape of urban life in 1960s Montreal helped to give rise to a new practice of gazing at women, which complicates many of the taken-for-granted notions about the place of women in cities. Through the interrelated systems of visual representation--fashion, newspaper journalism, architecture, and the city itself--" girl watching" emerges as a practice intimately bound to the space of the city and the discourses of social relations embedded within it. In the process of normalizing and "naturalizing" the appearance of women in city space, an argument is made for the possibility that these spaces were subsequently opened up for other uses by women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article compares the economic, social, and political outcomes of the hosting of sports mega-events in Canada to the outcomes of hosting such events in Japan, including discussions of the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, Quebec; the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta; and the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. Economic difficulties and political uncertainty following the Montreal Olympics are noted, and the impact of the Olympics on tourism is described. Other topics include the impact of hosting the Olympics on cities' reputations and on national identity, and the lack of benefit that lower-income citizens see from Olympic-related business.

This article is concerned with the "removal" (the Canadian government policy word for deportation) of noncitizens rendered suspect in the climate of 9-1-1 Islamophobia, who are detained and/or deported without specific charges, and with the impact of removals on the landscape of a cosmopolitan city such as Montreal. When people are removed, their absence leaves an imprint; the intimates they have left behind restructure their everyday lives around that imprint. But how is the imprint of absent* transposed into presence, and how does that presence affect the city as a site that lets flourish or prohibits radical difference and hybridization? The article focuses on the examples of family members of detainees or deportees and antideportation activist networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the 2006 American Sociological Association conference held in Montreal, Quebec. According to the author, the conference challenged the role social scientists are going to play in it. Speaker Margaret R. Sommers cautioned that the hegemonic structure of society may rest on seminal thinkers who are generally ignored by sociology as a discipline. Sociologists spoke of transgressed boundaries resulting in anomie, alienation, and social injustice.

In this article, the author gives sociology in the street as he reports on a failed mission to find smoked meat in Montreal, Quebec at the 2006 American Sociological Association conference. On a lunch trip the author and his wife found instead a picket line. His discovery, and his overall account of contemporary labor in the U.S. and Canada, reminds that, despite the changing conditions of a global economy, the field should not lose sight of the basic desires of all labor dignity and fairness. He argues that postmodernism and post-industrialism may alter various aspects of cultural and political struggle, but the basic elements of social justice remain.

Provides information on the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association to be held in Montréal, Québec, Canada, April 11-15, 2005. Topics to be discussed; Registration procedure; Housing and hotel rates.

This article reports on the theory-driven evaluation of a drop-in center for youth that incorporated a literature search, concept mapping with staff, and focus groups with youth. Findings revealed strong agreement among the three sources of data around specific elements identified as critical components of a program theory of global prevention in after-school-hours initiatives, such as drop-in centers. These results are used to illustrate how a theory-driven approach was relevant for the context and objectives of this evaluation, as well as how it was used to develop knowledge useful for action, social intervention theory, and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a housing model for lower- and middle-class wage earners in the suburb of Saint-Leonard in Montreal, Quebec from 1955 to 1967. Residential development of Saint-Leonard-de-port-Maurice; Predominance of wage earners; Community based on solidarity; Cooperative apartment buildings as a social innovation; Expansion of scope from the cooperative to the local community.

Explores the relationships among industrialization, the location of industry and residential pattern in Montreal, Quebec. Demonstration of the importance of class and occupation in Montreal's residential pattern; Introduction of a methodological approach to social class using a select set of occupations.

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Focuses on the topics to be discussed at the 2005 American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting in Montréal, Quebec. Nature of educational scholarship; Conceptualization and definition of education research; Philosophy and sociology of social science.

The article reports on the 86th annual meeting of American Educational Research Association (AERA). In Montreal, Quebec a historic city of bilingualism and diverse cuisines, members generated near-record attendance, representing colleges and universities, thinktanks, foundations, government agencies, and other organizations in 54 countries. The week was packed with intellectual activity: 2,000 scholarly, peer-reviewed presentations; 154 aligned meetings of associated groups ranging from alumni gatherings to annual meetings of related organizations; and more than 140 vendor exhibits. Contributing to the intellectual tenor of the week was Barbara R. Foorman, commissioner for education research at the U.S. Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences. Her presentation centered on designing research to address pressing educational questions. New to the meeting this year were two Association-wide meetings, co-sponsored by AERA with the Communications and Outreach Committee, where AERA members heard tips on writing op-ed pieces and tips on talking with news reporters.