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With increasing levels of mobility, driven by political, economic, technological, and cultural factors, mobility regimes are established to facilitate and control both internal and cross-border travel. Still, the degree to which individuals are mobile is a function of multiple factors, including power, citizenship, ethnicity, income, education, culture, networks, and technology. We advance the concept of "Mobility Spaces" as a way to identify the implications of politically induced changes in mobility regimes for individuals. In particular, we show how politically induced shifts in such regimes affect the mobility options of different groups. Mobility spaces are defined as the area to which a person belonging to a certain group can possibly travel, in a regulated but unimpeded or in a partially impeded fashion. The restrictions limiting mobility spaces can be divided into three thematic hierarchies, domestic, international and for refugees. The mobility spaces implications of changes in mobility regimes resulting from political shifts are exemplified along the first two hierarchies for the Israeli-Palestinian and German-European cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After surveying the historical and legal background of the return migration to Israel, the empirical investigation reported in this paper-based on a random sample of Israeli citizens who returned during 1970 from the U.S., Canada, and France-addressed itself to the subject of motivations to migrate. The analysis has shown that the attraction that Israel has for its citizens residing abroad is primarily associated with patriotic commitments and family ties, whereas forces pushing people from other countries play only a minor role in return migration to Israel. The Israeli Government plan of granting special economic benefits to returnees during 1968-1970 did not achieve its designated purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the need hierarchy theory of Abraham Maslow (1970) to describe the stages in the adjustment process of new immigrants. This notion is then developed and applied to interpreting some longitudinal data on the changing needs of immigrants to Israel during the first two years after their arrival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the distributional and social components of Israeli land settlement policy implementation. A stochastic model is then employed to construct a probabilistic migration model to project the population of 13 settlement types and data is presented to show the effect of internal migration on the distribution patterns of the major ethnic groups across settlement types and on the changing ethnic composition within settlement types. The analysis demonstrates that internal migration, in the absence of other components of growth, has the potential for being a crucial factor in altering the size and ethnic composition of the settlements structure of the country. Implications of projected trends are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how mass migration from the former Soviet Union to Israel affected natives' probability of moving from employment to non-employment and vice-versa. Using 1989-99 data from the Israeli Labor Force Survey, the authors find that the share of immigrants in labor market cells defined by occupation, industry, district of residence, schooling, and experience was generally positively associated with natives' probability of moving from employment to non-employment. However, when the analysis controls for the endogenous sorting of immigrants across cells, this effect is substantially reduced for men, and disappears or is even reversed for women. The authors conclude that immigrants tended to cluster in labor market cells with high turnover rates and that immigration did not increase natives' likelihood of exiting employment. They also find no discernible effects of immigration on natives' transitions between labor market cells or on the probability of their moving from non employment to employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social researchers have extensively addressed the immigration of one million Russian speakers to Israel/Palestine over the past twenty-five years. However, the immigrants' incorporation into the Israeli occupation regime and the ongoing colonisation of Palestine have rarely been questioned as such. In the interviews informing this article, Russian-speaking immigrant women living in Arab-Palestinian communities discuss their complex relations with Palestinian, Jewish-Israeli and Russian-Israeli communities. Sharing a background with Russian-speaking Jewish Israelis on the one hand, and marital kinship ties to Palestinians on the other, these women encounter multiple boundaries of territory and identity in their everyday lives. Drawing on feminist border thinking, I explore these encounters as a navigation through geopolitical and epistemic borderlands in a dense colonial reality. I am particularly interested in the potential of such an exploration to question essentialism and destabilise binary ethno-national categories of identity, such as Arab/Jew and Israeli/Palestinian, that dominate not only hegemonic but also emancipatory discourses. These binary divisions are not a straightforward outcome of political regimes but rather the result of ongoing border-making processes, which are vulnerable to disorder and disruption. This perspective aims to enrich understandings of the roles that gendered ethno-national identities play in sustaining the colonial relations of power in Israel/Palestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the theoretical concept of collective memory and migration, and politics of belonging, this article explores performative belonging enacted in the series of holidays and commemorative rites organized by young Russian immigrants in Israel's major metropolis. Our ethnography is based on 18 months of participant observation at the cultural association Fishka in South Tel-Aviv. As part of our field work, we documented public celebrations of Jewish and Russian-Soviet holidays organized by Fishka as acts of public performance seeking to elevate the prestige of Russian culture in Israel. These events reinforced visibility of Russian Israelis in Israel's cultural capital and helped reach out to other urban communities, both native and immigrant. The article discusses the unique contribution of these bicultural young adults to Tel-Aviv's diverse and dynamic urban scene. Our main argument is about the importance of collective memory in migration, whereby holidays and commemorative rites reinforce feelings of belonging and fortify the immigrants' claim on the respectable place in the receiving society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic-religious communities of memory have been active in Israel for the past twenty years. These are peripheral communities with their activity concentrated around sacred burial sites. They utilize and fashion their ethnic-religious memories according to their political requirements, so as to create communities. This study will introduce three such communities in Israel and describe the circumstances surrounding their establishment and operating methods. We will discuss communities of Libyan, Moroccan and Tunisian origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the link between immigration, multilingualism, acculturation and personality profiles (as measured by the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire) of 193 residents in Israel. Participants born in Israel tended to score higher on Emotional Stability than those born abroad. Participants with one immigrant parent (but not two) scored higher on Cultural Empathy, Open-mindedness and Social Initiative. Participants who had become dominant in Hebrew as a foreign language scored lower on Emotional Stability than Hebrew L1-dominant participants. The number of languages known by participants was not linked to their personality profile. A high level of use of various languages was linked to significantly higher scores on Cultural Empathy and Open-mindedness. Gender and age were also linked to personality profiles. Advanced knowledge of more languages and frequent use of more languages were linked to higher levels of Social Initiative and Open-mindedness, while advanced knowledge of more languages was also linked to higher levels of Cultural Empathy. These findings confirm that some personality traits are shaped by individuals’ linguistic history, degree of multilingualism and a combination of social and biographical factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to situate the nexus between reflexivity and fieldwork through autoethnographic analysis. Specifically, drawing on psychoanalytic and postcolonial thought, this article utilizes introspective data from field research conducted in the occupied Palestinian territories to explore how Qalandiya – a neo-colonial militarized border crossing between Jerusalem, Israel and the West Bank’s twin cities of Ramallah and al-Bireh – came to significantly alter the researcher’s conceptions of self and Other. Namely, drawing on first-hand experiences at Qalandiya – reconstructed through monologue style voice recordings, emails with colleagues, telephone conversations, personal diary entries, and memory – this article illuminates the discursive impact the field has upon the researcher’s self. Finally, this article concludes with a discussion of the ontological, the epistemological, and the ethical implications of pursuing research at neo-colonial sites in organization studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

From early 1980s, a large body of feminist literature has been attempting to account for and explain the particular mix of fragmented speech and multiple silences characteristic of interviews with subaltern subjects.The authors offer an epistemological challenge to these orthodoxies on two levels. First, the authors challenge the very premise that views the accounts produced by marginalized research participants as failures that need to be overcome through methodological strategies, proposing instead to understand silence and fragmentation as part of the process through which they develop their sense of self and agency. Second, the authors insist that both the micro interview setting and the macro, sociohistorical contexts must be considered and analyzed within the same framework that positions the research participant at the center. The authors illustrate these arguments through the case study of multiply marginalized Jewish women who immigrated to Israel in the 1950s and 1960s from North Africa and Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article addresses two issues regarding Israeli emigrants. First, it focuses on their number and distribution in various destination countries; second, it deals with patterns of self-selection among emigrants, namely, the skill level of Israelis who select themselves to leave Israel for various destination countries. The findings suggest that Israeli emigration has increased in the past two decades, but that most of the increase was in the 1990s, and was due to the emigration of foreign-born Israelis, rather than the emigration of native-born Israelis. Based on the DIOC (Database on immigrants in OECD countries) about 164,000 Israeli-born emigrants, aged 15 years and over, resided in 25 OECD countries in 2000, suggesting that relative to other countries, the share of Israeli-born residing outside Israel is not high. Two-thirds of Israeli-born emigrants were in the US, and 85 percent in the Anglo-Saxon countries. The selectivity of Israeli emigrants, measured by education and occupation, is most positive in the Anglo-Saxon countries, especially the US, where the returns on skills are the highest. By contrast, the least skilled Israeli emigrants choose Scandinavian countries, where the labor markets are relatively rigid, and returns on skills tend to be the lowest. These findings are consistent with migration selectivity theory, which anticipates that high-skilled immigrants will choose destinations where their skills will be generously compensated. Finally, the results suggests that the educational selectivity of Israeli emigrants to the Anglo-Saxon countries (but not to Scandinavian countries) has improved in the late 1990s compared to the early 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article reports a study comparing self-concept among 114 immigrant children and adolescents of Ethiopian origin in Israel and among 164 native-born Israelis, including an exploration of how age, gender, and first-language proficiency affect various dimensions of this construct. For the younger children (aged 8-9 years), self-concept was found to be higher among the native-born than among children of Ethiopian origin, while for junior high school children (aged 14-15 years), results were reversed. Findings are interpreted and discussed in light of the complex immigration history and the ongoing integration difficulties faced by members of the Ethiopian community, and related to different coping mechanisms adopted by participants at different ages. Ethiopian adolescents appear to cling more to their peer group, compared with younger children who seem to be more affected by the immediate family circle. Gender differences were found mainly regarding physical self-concept, in favor of boys. Self-rates of language proficiency appeared to be associated with several aspects of self-concept. Finally, and given the unique circumstances of the interaction between Ethiopian immigrants and Israeli society, findings emerge as relevant to the context of refugees, for whom the gap with the host culture is often wider than that encountered by voluntary migrants. Several recommendations related to language, family, and intergroup relations are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Israel, the caseload and main modes of transmission have changed dramatically since 1991 after mass immigration from countries with generalized HIV epidemics. The previous annual average (of 60 new cases) has almost quadrupled, and 68% are among heterosexuals (compared with 11.6% before). We verified all HIV/AIDS cases ever documented, redefined (according to UNAIDS/WHO definitions) and analysed those aged 13+. Between 1980–2000, HIV and AIDS were diagnosed, respectively, in 2204 and 682 adults and adolescents (cumulative HIV infection rate = 61/100 000). Of these, 65.2% are male (mean age 35.0 years old; SD = 11.0), 31.5% female (mean age 31.4 years old; SD = 10.5) (and 3.3%, sex unknown). The main modes of HIV transmission were heterosexual (45%), MSM (16.9%) and IDUs (11.5%). Prevention measures must be strengthened, if the currently low-level of HIV epidemic among the Israeli general population is to be sustained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the relationships between resilience, demographic characteristics, immigration demands, and depression in a sample of 450 adult Russian immigrants to Israel. Contrary to theories of how resilience is related to psychological outcomes, no support was found for resilience modifying or mediating the relationship between the demands of immigration and depression. Resilience did, however, increase the risk of not being depressed by about twofold (p < .0001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protracted conflicts may affect measures of social integration in dissimilar, even opposite ways. Employing Jewish emigration rates from brat! as a measure of social (dis)integration, 1 test she effects of two aspects of the Israeli-Arab conflict on emigration rates during 1951-1984: (1) annual military reserve duty and (2) subjective intensity of the conflict or its salience as reflected in the media. These two aspects are hypothesized to affect emigration rates through different mechanisms. Reserve duty constitutes a heavy cost to the individual, which directly affects the majority of Israeli households. It is expected to increase emigration rates by increasing individual costs of living in Israel. Increased salience of the conflict, on the other hand, is likely to attenuate emigration rates via social mechanisms that enhance social cohesion and integration. Results support arguments for opposite effects of the two aspects of conflict on emigration rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study focusing on the high school age group to determine the extent to which the group is attached to Israel and considers leaving Israel to live abroad. Factors associated with greater or lesser attachment to Israel; Application of the social integration theory; Relationship of immigrant status with attachment to Israel.