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Intermarriage is noted to be a difficult adjustment as culture, language, and family expectations can clash. Given the rising intermarried population and the challenges they may face, social workers need an up-to-date understanding of these couples' experiences to better provide services. Surveys and interviews with 10 Asian women and 3 Asian men who intermarried were conducted from 2020 to 2021. Using grounded theory coding, each author on our biracial (Asian and white) team read interviews and identified themes. We identified five themes from the data: Societal Press, White Privilege, Family Relations, Communication, and Parental Responsibilities. Social work practitioners may employ these results in providing culturally sensitive strength-based services for interracial families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the leadership development of Korean American youth who participated in a community-based participatory action research program designed to assist community members affected by COVID-19. Participants were drawn from a small town in the southeastern part of the U.S. Using a case study approach, multiple qualitative data (e.g., focus group conversations) and quantitative survey data were collected to explore the learning experiences of 15 Korean American adolescents. Qualitative data was analyzed following the six steps of thematic analysis, and descriptive statistics were performed to analyze quantitative data. Findings suggest that the program provided authentic learning opportunities in which participants researched the needs of community members and implemented action plans to help them. The program also helped participants improve communication skills and broaden their leadership perspectives. However, participants' perceived leadership development differed depending on their self-identified ethnic identity, and those students who lacked Korean language abilities demonstrated difficulties in collaborating with fluent Korean-speaking peers in bilingual learning environments. This study addresses gaps in the youth development literature by describing how a community-based approach and culturally relevant practice can help Asian American youth develop leadership and inspire them to be change agents in their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have focused on the racial socialization of Indian Americans, particularly those raised in the United States. The present study explored 1.5 and 2nd generation Indian Americans' experiences of racial socialization in multiple contexts. Forty-four adult Indian Americans from diverse regions of the United States participated in semi-structured focus group interviews via video teleconference. Sixteen participants were 1.5 generation and 28 were 2nd generation. Data was analyzed using grounded theory. The results indicated three interrelated domains including: (a) Discussion of Race and Racism; (b) Awareness of Self in the Context of Racial and Cultural Differences; and (c) Role of Intra- and Inter-group Biases. The findings underscore how the minimization of racism within and outside of Indian American contexts, a colonial mentality transmitted intergenerationally, and negative impacts of casteism, sexism, and racism may influence one's racial consciousness and racial socialization. Implications for culturally informed research, practice, advocacy, and training are detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the restaurant industry, with Asian restaurants having perhaps suffered the most, as many reported business losses well before shelter-in-place orders were announced. Media outlets argue that this decline in business reflects biases that are linked to the China- and food-related origin of COVID-19. However, discrimination against Asian Americans and their cuisine is not new, as it is rooted in a long and history of assimilation and racism. Overlooked in this body of literature, as well as in conversations on the impacts of COVID-19 on Asian restaurants, is the role of how government institutions shape these biases against a cuisine that has hundreds of years of history in the US yet remains distinctly 'foreign'. In this study, we use 3-years of New York City restaurant health inspection data to examine trends in citation scores before and after the onset of the news of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a synthetic control approach, we find that Asian restaurants uniquely received more citations after news of the pandemic became pervasive in the US. We end by discussing the implications of this finding for the history of Asian cuisine in the US, theoretical frameworks to understand assimilation, and the restaurant industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) students with ADHD may face increased risk for college maladjustment due to cultural factors and a tendency to delay treatment. This is the first study to examine ADHD prevalence, ADHD-related impairments and comorbidities, and ADHD treatment utilization in AAPI college students. Method: AAPI, White, Hispanic, and Black undergraduates (n = 258,005) from the American College Health Association—National College Health Assessment II survey were included in the study. Results: AAPI students had lower ADHD prevalence rates than White and Black students, and similar prevalence to Hispanic students. AAPI students with ADHD had significantly higher risk for comorbidities and social and academic impairments, compared to White students with ADHD. Approximately half of AAPI students with ADHD did not utilize treatment despite experiencing psychiatric comorbidities and functional impairments. Conclusion: AAPI college students with ADHD are underutilizing treatment despite elevated psychiatric comorbidities and functional impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model minority stereotype (MMS) has had a direct and significant impact on Asian Americans and their internal processes, like other stereotypes attributed to a group of people (e.g., stereotype threat; Steele & Aronson, 1995). In this article, we describe the development and validation of a measure named the Model Minority Stereotype-Response Scale (MMS-RS), which is designed to assess the responses Asian Americans experience when faced with the MMS to unveil how the stereotype impacts them. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) supported a two-factor structure of the MMS-RS, namely negative responses to and positive endorsement of the MMS. Alongside the reliability estimates, the evidence for construct validity demonstrated that the MMS-RS has good psychometric properties. Interestingly, both negative reaction to and the positive endorsement of the MMS were found to coexist. Overall, the MMS-RS is a useful instrument for scholars who are interested in researching, intervening, and advocating for Asian Americans' experiences with the MMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mainly due to their cultural attitudes toward symptoms and breast cancer, Asian American breast cancer survivors tend to suffer from symptoms and often delay in getting treatments, information, and support. To improve their symptom management, it would be important to determine risk groups among them. Decision tree analyses reportedly help determine risk groups by identifying the characteristics that are directly associated with target health outcomes. Objective: Using a decision tree analysis, this study aimed at identifying the characteristics that were closely linked to the symptom experience of Asian American breast cancer survivors. Methods: This was a part of a parent randomized controlled trial among Asian American breast cancer survivors. Only the data from 135 women at the pre-test were included. Multiple instruments were used to collect the data: the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form, the Cancer Behavior Inventory, the PRQ-2000, the Perceived Isolation Scale, and the Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form 34. The data were analyzed using latent profile analysis and decision tree analyses. Results: Two most frequently found profiles included the low symptom experience profile (72.6%) and the high symptom experience profile (27.4%). The high symptom experience profile was predicted by 2 combined characteristics; (a) high psychological needs for help (over 60.00 points), and (b) low psychological needs for help (cut point = 60.00), high perceived barriers (cut point = 1.62), and high social isolation (social support) (cut point = 2.33). Conclusions: These characteristics linked to Asian American breast cancer survivors with high symptom experience need to be considered in future intervention development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution-focused and body-mind-spirit practices have shown promising evidence for addressing various mental health and trauma-related problems, though there is limited research regarding their joint application. In addition, Asian American youth are often underrepresented in social work intervention literature despite increasing risk of negative effects from anti-Asian hate and violence since the start of the coronavirus pandemic. Solution-Focused Body-Mind-Spirit (SF-BMS) group therapy is a novel intervention approach with roots in traditional Eastern and postmodern Western philosophies that may be particularly applicable for the cross-cultural experience of second-generation immigrants from Southeast Asian countries. This study conducted a mixed methods pilot evaluation of SF-BMS group therapy with Asian American youth and found modest pre–post improvements in overall problems and qualitative evidence of the intervention's acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family members play a crucial role in the health of Asian American communities, and their involvement in health interventions can be pivotal in optimizing impact and implementation. To explore how family members can be effectively involved in Asian American health interventions and develop a conceptual framework of methods of involvement at the stages of intervention development, process, and evaluation, this scoping review documented the role of Asian American family members in interventions (across any health objective). Of the 7175 studies identified through database and manual searches, we included 48 studies in the final analysis. Many studies focused on Chinese (54%) or Vietnamese (21%) populations, were conducted in California (44%), and involved spouses (35%) or parents/children (39%). We observed involvement across 3 stages: (1) intervention development (formative research, review process, material development), (2) intervention process (recruitment, receiving the intervention together, receiving a parallel intervention, enlisting support to achieve goals, voluntary intervention support, agent of family-wide change, and participation gatekeepers), and (3) intervention evaluation (received evaluation together, indirect impact evaluation, and feedback during intervention). Impact of family member involvement was both positive (as sources of encouragement, insight, accountability, comfort, and passion) and negative (sources of hindrance, backlash, stigma, obligation, and negative influence). Suggestions for future research interventions include (1) exploring family involvement in South Asian or young adult interventions, (2) diversifying types of family members involved (eg, extended family), and (3) diversifying methods of involvement (eg, family members as implementation agents). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Understanding the health-risk behaviors of racial and ethnic groups when disaggregated is an important step in improving the health outcomes of racial and ethnic minority groups. We compared national prevalence estimates for selected health-risk behaviors and experiences of Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI) students with those of non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic students. Methods: We analyzed data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative survey of US high school students. To generate a sufficient sample of Asian American and NHPI students for analyses, we combined data from 5 survey administrations, conducted in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 (N = 73 074). We calculated the prevalence and 95% CIs; we analyzed data on Asian American and NHPI adolescents separately to unmask important differences. Results: Compared with students of other races and ethnicities, Asian American students had the lowest prevalence of alcohol use (16.7%) and marijuana use (10.3%). In contrast, NHPI students were more likely than Asian American students to participate in several health-risk behaviors and experiences, such as substance use (ranging from 4.8% for ever injecting an illegal drug to 31.5% for current alcohol use), having been in a physical fight (15.4%), and having been threatened or injured with a weapon (11.6%). Differential patterns in the prevalence of ever having missed school due to feeling unsafe among NHPI and Asian American students were observed among male and female students. Conclusion: Further disaggregating racial subgroups within broad categories of Asian American and NHPI populations may reveal differences from overall group prevalence, and additional strategies to identify these differences should be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though my uncle was not in the health professions, much less surgery, I share his memorial as the story of one family that had one of its offspring become integrated into the professional mainstream through the opportunity of medical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian Americans (AA) in the United States, and throughout the world, commonly hold a negative connotation or stigma regarding seeking mental health services. Unique cultural stigmas and beliefs of AA play an important role when examining why this population group is less likely to engage in therapy. This article explains why these cultural stigmas and beliefs contribute to the lack of mental health help seeking. Through examining these stigmas, perception of therapy, loss of face, and parental control among AA will allow therapists to have a better understanding when they are working with this population. Also, the consideration is given of how the increase of Anti-Asian racism due to the COVID-19 pandemic affects AA and the challenges it creates. This article includes a case example that provides information on how stigmas impact an AA family who have differing cultural values and expectations while experiencing discrimination from COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racially marginalized communities are socially and politically active, yet there is limited work that examines the psychological forces underlying how People of Color engage in cross-racial solidarity and collective action. We propose a model of politicized racial identity and collective action to Asian American participation in own-group collective action and African American collective action. In Study 1, we tested the model using correlational data. In Study 2, we used an experiment to explore whether politicized identities predict collective action. Results support the relation between politicized identities and collective action. Politicized Person of Color identity predicted Asian American engagement in both own-group-oriented collective action (Study 2) and African American-oriented (Study 1, Study 2) collective action. Further, politicized Asian American identity predicted Asian American engagement in own-group collective action (Study 1). These findings provide empirical evidence for the role of politicized identities in predicting collective action, including cross-racial solidarity with African Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we consider the intersection of experiential learning and equity work through the lens of a 10-week project: "Listening to the Buddhists in Our Backyard" (L2BB), undertaken in collaboration with a group of six high school seniors at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, in the spring of 2022. L2BB was part of a broader undertaking known as The Workshop, an experimental school-within-a-school that seeks to reimagine education beyond the restrictive norms or "grammar" of schooling. Mirroring the emergent and adaptive methods of L2BB, this article incorporates student voices, narrative interviews, and methodological reflections to advance our claim that an embodied, listening-first model of learning avoids common pitfalls of community-based learning while enabling students to develop a more accurate picture of racial and religious minorities in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As predominantly White institutions (PWIs), independent schools in the United States can alienate students who are either not White or do not possess the cultural capital necessary to navigate those spaces. Scholars have argued that alliance/affinity spaces help students of color acclimate to PWIs and help create a sense of belonging. My work with the Asian Student Alliance (ASA) over the past 2 years has shown that, while the ASA leadership can and has supported its affinity members, the lack of attention that the school administration gives to events outside of the campus puts the onus on student leaders to become adults and process complex events without feeling that the institution cares for them. The students, however, do not necessarily want to take on the task. In the end, school administrators and teachers should work to challenge the model minority myth and the perpetual foreigner stereotype: school leaders must work with student leaders to address AAPI hate at the institutional level, and history teachers at PWIs must cover Asian American history and activism more in the curriculum to challenge these two stereotypes and invite students to consider, and discuss, how they can engage in their own form of activism with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are American elected officials equally responsive to all Asian subgroups? Asian American is one of the major racial/ethnic groups in the United States and is currently the fastest-growing racial group. However, studies on the representation of Asian Americans are limited. Studies also commonly view Asian Americans as a single, homogenous group and omit the heterogeneity within this unique population. I argue that to understand any racial/ethnic group better, we should look into the ethnic subgroups and examine them as separate populations. I conducted an audit experiment in this study and sent emails to more than 2000 state legislators, manipulating senders' names to represent different Asian subgroups. I find that none of the subgroups received a lower response rate than white constituents, regardless of the officials' racial group and partisan affiliation. However, Korean constituents were less likely to receive a friendly response than white and Vietnamese constituents. The results also show that Latino and Black legislators were less friendly in their emails and less responsive than their Asian and white counterparts. This study sheds light on the heterogeneity of racial/ethnic groups, which scholars have routinely overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This two-part study examined the effects of intervener's race (White vs. Asian) and intervention format (high-threat—emphasizing the act of racism, low-threat—emphasizing the norm of justice, support-based—emphasizing a nonjudgmental attitude) on perceptions of microaggression interventions for White observers and Asian American targets. In separate 2 x 3 experimental designs, Asian Americans participants (N = 187) and White American participants (N = 185) were recruited through Qualtrics panels and randomly assigned to one of six conditions (three formats of intervention and two intervener groups). Participants read a vignette, imagined themselves as targets of the microaggression (Asian sample) or witnesses of the interaction (White sample), and completed a set of questionnaires assessing positive and negative perceptions of the intervener and aggressor. Asian American targets and White witnesses had more negative perceptions of interveners in the high threat condition. Covariates were relevant in interpreting reactions to intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Depression is prevalent among Asian Americans (AsA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and depression often leads to sleep disturbance in this population. The gut microbiota (GM) plays a critical role in mental health and sleep quality, and the composition of the GM is largely unknown among AsA. Objectives: Examine associations of the GM with depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance among Chinese and Korean American immigrants. Methods: Depressive symptoms (PROMIS Short Form-Depression) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) were collected via surveys. PROMIS measure T-score > 55 indicates positive depressive symptoms, and a total PSQI score > 5 indicates sleep disturbance. 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene regions were sequenced from fecal specimens to measure GM. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance and linear discriminant analysis effect size were applied to examine associations of the GM with symptoms. Results: Among 20 participants, 55% (n = 11) reported depressive symptoms and 35% (n = 7) reported sleep disturbance. A higher α-diversity was marginally associated with lower depressive symptoms: Chao1 (r = −0.39, p = 0.09) and Shannon index (r = −0.41, p = 0.08); β-diversity distinguished participants between categories of depressive symptoms (weighted UniFrac, p =0.04) or sleep disturbance (Jaccard, p =0.05). Those with depressive symptoms showed a higher abundance of Actinobacteria, while those without depressive symptoms had a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes. No significant taxa were identified for sleep disturbance. Conclusions: Gut microbial diversity showed promising associations with depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance among Chinese and Korean immigrants. Specific taxa were identified as associated with depressive symptoms. Future studies with a larger sample size are warranted to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Underrepresented persons are often not included in biomedical research. It is unknown if the general Asian American population is being represented in All of Us. The purpose of this study was to compare the Asian demographic data in the All of Us cohort with the Asian nationally representative data from the American Community Survey. Method: Demographic characteristics and health literacy of Asians in All of Us were examined. Findings were qualitatively compared with the Asian data in the 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimate. Results: Compared with the national composition of Asians, less All of Us participants were born outside the United States (64% vs 79%), were younger, and had higher levels of education (76% vs 52%). Over 60% of All of Us participants reported high levels of health literacy. Conclusion: This study had implications for the development of strategies that ensure diverse populations are represented in biomedical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model minority stereotype (MMS) is a belief that Asian Americans' comparative success comes from their hard-work and perseverance, coupled with a lack of barriers such as racism or discrimination against Asian Americans. In this study, we hypothesized that because the MMS demands cognitive energy, the use of self-efficacy as a regulator for depressive symptoms is then limited. Participants included 199 self-identified Asian American college students. A moderation effect of the MMS on the relationship between general self-efficacy and depressive symptoms was tested. Participants with low to above average Unrestricted Mobility (UM), a component of the MMS, displayed a regulating effect of self-efficacy on depressive symptoms, which was not found for individuals with higher UM. Although the variance of moderation effect was small (2%), this study is the first to suggest the effect of self-efficacy in lowering depressive symptoms may depend on the level of UM. Other findings and implications are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to explore the associations of sub-ethnicity to the survivorship experience of Asian American breast cancer survivors and identify the multiple factors that influenced their survivorship experience. This was a secondary analysis of the data among 94 Asian American breast cancer survivors from a larger ongoing study. Instruments included: questions on background characteristics, the perceived isolation scale, the Personal Resource Questionnaire, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer. Data were analyzed using hierarchical logistic and multiple regression analyses. After controlling for other factors, being a Japanese American (ref. = being a Chinese American) was significantly associated with pain scores (odds ratio [OR] = −0.32, p <.01), symptom distress scores (β = −0.27, p <.01), and the quality of life scores (β = 0.22, p =.03). Sub-ethnic variations in cultural attitudes, values, and beliefs need to be considered in future research/practice with Asian American breast cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Assess the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (NH/PI) compared to white older adults. Methods: Data were from the 2011–2015 Health Outcomes Survey. HRQOL was assessed using the Veterans RAND 12-Item Survey, composed of physical (PCS) and mental component scores (MCS). Lower scores represent worse health. Multivariate regression was conducted to estimate PCS and MCS mean score differences related to self-reported CVD (coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, other heart conditions, stroke) and race/ethnicity. Results: There were marked differences in PCS and MCS scores by disaggregated Asian American and NH/PI subgroups. After adjustment, Asian American and NH/PI older adults had better PCS but worse MCS than white older adults. Race/ethnicity moderated the relationship between CVD and HRQOL. Discussion: Asian American and NH/PI older adults with CVD had poorer mental health compared to their white counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Asian Americans (AsAms) have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and are one of the least physically active racial groups in America. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between MetS and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among AsAm adults and whether acculturation modifies this relationship. Method: Data were from 2,259 AsAms participating in the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Physical activity (PA) was self-reported as minutes of weekly MVPA. Acculturation included nativity, length of residency in America, and language preference. The International Diabetes Federation criteria was used to determine the presence of MetS. Results: About 64.4% of AsAms did not meet the PA recommendation (MVPA ≥150 min/week). The prevalence of MetS was 39.2%. The odds of having MetS were greater among AsAms who did not meet MVPA recommendations compared with those who did meet MVPA recommendations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.11, 2.07]). When stratified by acculturation, this association remained statistically significant in the groups who immigrated to America more than 15 years ago and who spoke English only. Conclusion: MVPA reduces MetS risk in AsAm adults, especially among more acculturated AsAms. Culturally adapted programs are warranted to promote PA and adequate knowledge of disease prevention in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study extended minority stress theory by testing the associations of racist stressors (racist discrimination, expectations of rejection, and internalized racism) and maladaptive coping strategies (internalization and detachment) with psychological distress and psychological well-being. In addition, expectations of rejection, internalized racism, internalization, and detachment were tested as mediators of the racist discrimination–mental health link. Data were analyzed from 297 Asian American adults. Results indicated that greater levels of all racist stressors and maladaptive coping strategies were each associated with poorer mental health at the bivariate level, but only internalization and detachment were unique predictors of distress and only internalized racism and detachment were unique predictors of well-being. Internalization and detachment mediated the positive indirect association of racist discrimination with distress, and detachment mediated the negative indirect relation of racist discrimination with well-being. Implications of the findings for practice, advocacy, education, training, and research with Asian Americans are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine the clusters of Asian American breast cancer survivors by the severity scores of menopausal symptoms and to explore the characteristics associated with the identified clusters. The data from an ongoing study among 94 survivors were used. The instruments included the Perceived Isolation Scale, the Personal Resource Questionnaire, and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form. The data analysis was conducted using hierarchical cluster analyses and multinomial logistic analyses. Three clusters were identified: "the cluster with high severity scores of total, psychological, physical, and psychosomatic symptoms (Cluster 1)," "the cluster with moderate severity scores of total, psychological, physical, and psychosomatic symptoms (Cluster 2)," and "the cluster with low severity scores of total, psychological, physical, and psychosomatic symptoms (Cluster 3)." The clusters had significant differences in the level of acculturation, perceived social isolation, and perceived social support (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jeremy Lin, an Asian American basketball player, achieved his meteoric stardom by giving outstanding performances and leading the Knicks to constant wins. Intense media coverage and scholarly work about Lin had been done during this starring time, while this research focuses on media representations of Lin during regular seasons. This article employs textual analysis and examines 461 articles from the first and last NBA seasons Lin played. The thematic analysis shows media representations of Lin became more diverse while rarely using racialized narratives. However, untrust and low expectations of Asian American masculinity are discovered in the analysis. In addition, stereotypical narratives such as “see someone Asian, say something Asian,” and the model minority myth beautify stereotypical impressions of Asian Americans and exacerbate their “otherness.” Such flattering compliments embedded in media coverage obfuscate Asian American identity, making it more difficult for them to prove their personality and masculinity. Although the media create and maintain hegemonic masculinity and stereotypes, they are also powerful to break down prejudice and discrimination and reshape people’s impressions of Asian American athletes, and even their whole community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Little is known about Filipino American women's (FAW) sexual and reproductive health (SRH). The purpose of this study was to examine the SRH knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy among young adult FAW. Method: This was a qualitative, descriptive interpretive design. Four focus group interviews and one individual interview were conducted. Purposive sampling was used for this study. Inclusion criteria were female, Filipino American, between the ages 18 and 24 years old, and be able to understand and speak English. Results: Twelve participants (n = 12) were recruited. Three themes emerged from this study: (a) sources of SRH information; (b) influence of cultural values, religion, and intergenerational factors; and (c) facilitators of and barriers to women's health services. Discussion: Themes emerged from the content analysis identifying SRH disparities within the Filipino American community, which may inform future interventions and research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through Our Eyes, Hear Our Voices is a virtual photovoice project that documents the impact of COVID-19 on Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) communities. Quantitative studies on the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 are still emerging, but they do not reveal qualitative experiences of a racialized pandemic exacerbated by political leaders labeling it "China virus." As a qualitative participatory action research approach, photovoice is an ideal archival and pedagogical tool to capture the lived experience of AAPI communities. However, we had to adapt photovoice to a virtual research environment. We did so by adopting a variety of digital learning and information sharing platforms. In addition, we enlisted community-based organizations who are providing essential services for underrepresented communities to serve as research mentors for university student researchers. Finally, given the historic nature of the pandemic and the underrepresentation of AAPI experiences in mainstream archives, we emphasized the importance of students as co-producers of archival knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly salient in democratic politics are the divides among political parties regarding how they mobilize supports between ethnic majorities and minorities. Why, then, do some members of a minority group support political parties that seem antithetical to the interests of minority groups? We draw on group conflict theory to suggest that a partial explanation rests on perceived competition within minority groups. We test this theory by focusing on Republican Party support among Asian Americans in the United States. Based on two representative surveys and an original online survey experiment of Asian Americans, we demonstrate that perceived competition among racial minority groups has a significant effect on the partisanship of Asian American and pushes them toward the Republican Party. We also present observational evidence suggesting our theory applies to other minority groups. Our findings provide critical implications on how race affects politics in democracies with increasingly diversified ethnic minority groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Context: There is currently a dearth of research on Asian American civic engagement broadly, and the scholarship on Asian American youth is even more limited. The lack of research contributes to opacity in understanding how Asian Americans fit into the civic landscape. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: This study offers a window into the civic engagement experiences of a group of Asian American youth and differentiates the motivations that initiated their civic engagement from the motivations that sustained it. The research questions are: (a) How do these Asian American adolescents describe the motivations behind their civic engagement? (b) How do they make choices among different kinds of civic engagement? (c) What do they describe as the impact of their civic engagement? Research Design: Participants in this study were 14 highly engaged Asian American youth, 16 to 18 years of age, from a small city in the Northeast. I conducted semistructured interviews with the participants, examining their descriptions of civic involvement. Knowledge of youth civic engagement has tended to emanate from survey studies that count and categorize civic participation as opposed to investigating youth's own meaning-making of their civic activities. Thus, to answer the "why" of civic participation, I took a grounded theory approach to explore youth's own constructions of what motivated their civic involvement. Findings/Results: Participants initiated civic involvement with instrumental motivations to "look good for college" and socialize with friends, whereas continuing civic engagement was supported by a deep relational commitment to teenage colleagues in their civic endeavors, a sense of self-efficacy engendered through complex civic work, and pride in making a tangible impact on their community. Asian American youth in this study demonstrated sophisticated capabilities as civic actors and sustained their civic engagement through organizations that scaffolded the development of such capabilities. Conclusions/Recommendations: Participants' experiences illustrate how civic engagement motivations can change. While individuals were the unit of analysis in this study, participants' experiences point strongly to the integral role of organizations in supporting continued, rather than intermittent, civic engagement. Specifically, organizations can support youth in continuing their civic involvement in the long term by facilitating conditions for young people to build deep relationships in furtherance of common goals and appealing to identities that can be bolstered through civic participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the increasing usages of technology-based programs, few technology-based support programs are currently available for racial/ethnic minority cancer survivors including Korean-American cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes toward technology-based cancer support programs among Korean-American cancer survivors from a feminist perspective. In-person focus group interviews were held with 17 Korean-American cancer survivors. All the interviews were recorded by writing memos. Then, the written memos were analyzed using a content analysis. Four major themes reflecting their attitudes toward technology-based cancer-support programs were identified: (a) "easy to access"; (b) "good for peer and family support," (c) "overcoming language barriers," and (d) "providing Korean-specific and personalized trustable information." Future technology-based cancer support groups for this specific population need to incorporate peer support, support for family members, Korean language, and Korea-specific information and intervention components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We applied critical race theory's concept of intersectionality to analyze the experiences of discrimination among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (APIs) in the United States, across race, gender, and sexuality. We collected tweets from October 2016 through December 2017 using the hashtag #thisis2016 on the social media platform, Twitter. Data were scoped down to 3,156 tweets and were coded by four members of our research team—all of whom identify as Asian American female social workers. Only intersectional themes related to the convergence of race, gender, and sexuality among APIs are reported in this article. These six themes include the following: (1) API women are perceived to be exotic and are overtly sexualized, (2) API women are expected to be passive, (3) API men are perceived to be weak and asexual, (4) Both API men and women are the objects of racialized violence and sexual harassment, (5) Queer APIs have unique experiences of sexualized harassment and violence, and (6) APIs are the subjects of neocolonialist attitudes. Taken together, these themes portray an intersectional understanding of the Asian American experience that counteracts stereotypes of Asians as the "model minority," who do not experience racialized, sexualized, and gendered microaggressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Berry acculturation model (BAM) includes five measurement components. Current instruments do not examine all five components. This study's aim was to complete cognitive interviews with Asian American college-aged women using two frequently used measures and investigate whether all five BAM's components of acculturation are included. Methodology: This is a qualitative study using in-depth semistructured cognitive interviewing. Data were collected until saturation was reached (n = 20). Content analysis was completed. Results: Two themes emerged: Components of acculturation and survey structure. All components of BAM were evident in the data. The women agreed that physical, biological, cultural, and social relationships are important aspects of acculturation. The psychological component emerged as women discussed intergenerational conflicts related to acculturation. Discussion: Future research includes psychometric testing of a new acculturation instrument that incorporates all five components of BAM. A valid, comprehensive measure is needed to understand how AA women adapt to mainstream culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review aims to explore the extant literature on the current utilization of ACP in Kisin order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of their health disparities and to determineevidence-based best practices to integrate culturally-competent ACP for EOL care of KIs. Design: A systematic integrative review of the literature Data Sources: Four electronic databases including PubMed, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. Method: The detailed search strategy for databases implicated a combination of MeSHkeywords and associated terms, which can be found in Table A.Results: Three themes emerged in relation to fundamental components in the integration of culturally-competent ACP for EOL of KIs: (1) cultural characteristics of KIs; (2) disparities in ethnic-oriented ACP and EOL care resources in KIs; and (3) KIs' perspectives on ACP. Conclusion: The findings of this review indicate that culturally-competent ACP resources for KIsare presently quite insufficient. It is determined that much future research is needed on howculturally-competent ACP can best augment the quality of EOL care for KIs, and on howspecific interventions can effectively implement ACP in community settings. Impact: Such ongoing research dedicated to the development of feasible culturally competent practice guidelines is anticipated to markedly reduce health disparities and promote ACP in KIs. The recommendations in this review may support Korean primary HCPs, Korean health care center administrators, Korean health maintenance organizations (HMOs), Korean advance care nurse practitioners in hospice and palliative care, and nurse researchers in their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-Asian racism and violence dramatically increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, recent studies and reports are showing that the health and well-being of Asian Americans are negatively affected. To address this urgent problem, the field of health education and public health must be equipped with the critical frameworks and concepts to analyze racism and White supremacy and how it affects the health and well-being of Asian Americans. We argue that using an ethnic studies lens in health education can help educators, researchers, and practitioners teach and train health educators to address racism experienced by Asian Americans during COVID-19 in relation to their health. We will discuss the elements of ethnic studies and demonstrate how to use it as a lens in understanding health disparities in the Asian American population influenced and exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors push back against "unnatural invisibility" and stereotypes of Asian American women by introducing a culturally informed coalitional resistance framework. Drawing from elements of Community Cultural Wealth (CCW) and AsianCrit, we use the framework to discuss the evolving microaggressions we have faced in teacher education spaces and how we have survived through them. We examine marginalizing experiences each of us has faced along multiple axes of oppression across our careers, the forms of resistance we could (or chose not to) enact in specific contexts and moments, and how, through coalitional resistance, we are reclaiming our collective right to thrive and be recognized for our contributions as teacher educators. We conclude by offering implications of coalitional resistance for fellow teacher educators of color and those who wish to support them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined public stigma associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) among Korean Americans and identified factors affecting their public stigma. Data used in the study were collected using a cross-sectional survey with 268 Korean Americans. Guided by attribution theory, different domains of public stigma were assessed: pity, antipathy, and social distance. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics, exposure to AD, social networking, and AD knowledge on each stigma domain. The influence of emotional attributions (pity and antipathy) on behavioral attributions (social distance) in the stigma process suggested in attribution theory was also examined. Results show that pity is most prevalent followed by social distance and antipathy. Being more proficient in English, knowing fewer relatives/friends with AD, and knowing less about AD risk factors are associated with having more pity stigma. Being less socially engaged and knowing less about AD risk factors are related to having more antipathy stigma. Being younger and more proficient in English and having stronger antipathy stigma are associated with having more social distance stigma. Findings reveal multifaceted nature of public stigma associated with AD in Korean Americans and suggest that we need to work on both positive and negative sides of public stigma for stigma change. Findings of different factors associated with each public stigma domain can be considered when trying to foster and/or reduce certain stigmatic beliefs and behaviors associated with AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Immigrants are believed to be at high risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A leading suspected risk factor is their role in the essential workforce. We aimed to describe COVID-19–related risk factors among Bhutanese and Burmese refugees in the United States. Methods: We administered an anonymous online survey in May 2020 among community leaders of Bhutanese and Burmese refugees. Using a snowball sampling strategy, we invited community leaders to complete the survey and share the link with others who met inclusion criteria (English proficient, aged ≥18, currently living in the United States). We compared respondents with and without recent COVID-19 and identified risk factors for infection. Results: Of 218 refugees in 23 states who completed the survey from May 15 through June 1, 2020, fifteen (6.9%) reported infection with COVID-19. Being an essential worker during the pandemic (odds ratio [OR] = 5.25; 95% CI, 1.21-22.78), having an infected family member (OR = 26.92; 95% CI, 5.19-139.75), and being female (OR = 5.63; 95% CI, 1.14-27.82) were risk factors for infection. Among 33 infected family members, 23 (69.7%) were essential workers. Conclusion: Although we had a small snowball sample, we found that working in essential industries was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection among Bhutanese and Burmese refugees. We call for larger studies that include Asian immigrant subgroups, as well as immediate attention to protecting immigrant essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On March 8, 2020, there was a 650% increase in Twitter retweets using the term "Chinese virus" and related terms. On March 9, there was an 800% increase in the use of these terms in conservative news media articles. Using data from non-Asian respondents of the Project Implicit "Asian Implicit Association Test" from 2007–2020 (n = 339,063), we sought to ascertain if this change in media tone increased bias against Asian Americans. Local polynomial regression and interrupted time-series analyses revealed that Implicit Americanness Bias—or the subconscious belief that European American individuals are more "American" than Asian American individuals—declined steadily from 2007 through early 2020 but reversed trend and began to increase on March 8, following the increase in stigmatizing language in conservative media outlets. The trend reversal in bias was more pronounced among conservative individuals. This research provides evidence that the use of stigmatizing language increased subconscious beliefs that Asian Americans are "perpetual foreigners." Given research that perpetual foreigner bias can beget discriminatory behavior and that experiencing discrimination is associated with adverse mental and physical health outcomes, this research sounds an alarm about the effects of stigmatizing media on the health and welfare of Asian Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing death tolls and economic downfall, COVID-19 has also unearthed anti-Asian racism and xenophobia in the United States and globally. In this article, we examine how the current anti-Asian sentiments are not new occurrences risen with COVID-19. Instead, the perceptions about people of Asian descent as foreign threats have become more visible due to the pandemic. As we grapple with and heal from the traumas of COVID-19, there is a great need to acknowledge not only the shared humanity and interconnectedness among people but also to note the legacies of racialization and inequity that affect the experiences of the current pandemic that are lived differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Korean American women are the foundation of the Korean American church. We are devoted, contributing members in the church, but we are seldom given positions of leadership or power. From our subordinate role in the church and wider society, Korean American women have been perpetually subject to racial and gender injustice. To work toward equal empowerment, it is imperative to reimagine historical Christian teaching about God so that it liberates rather than oppresses. As we engage in theological reform, we can begin to experience the wholeness that comes from a Spirit God who embraces all people regardless of race, gender, sexuality, or social status. As a result, Korean American women can finally feel included and contributive to a society which has historically treated them as "perpetual foreigners." They can also push for multicultural excellence rather than sustaining the dominant white criterion of value. As hybrid spaces proliferate in diversifying America, Korean American women can be an integral source of reimagining the places we inhabit, something that proves to be increasingly necessary to keep the church accessible and contemporary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined how the association between impostor feelings and psychological distress was mediated by interpersonal shame and moderated by self-compassion in a sample of 433 Asian American students at an East Coast public university. First, we found that the positive association between impostor feelings and psychological distress was partially mediated by interpersonal shame (i.e., shame related to others viewing them negatively or dishonoring their family due to their deficits). Second, self-compassion significantly moderated the positive association between impostor feelings and interpersonal shame. Specifically, this positive association was stronger for those with lower self-compassion than for those with higher self-compassion. Third, the index of moderated mediation further supported that self-compassion moderated the mediation through an indirect effect of impostor feelings on psychological distress through interpersonal shame. We found additional results which supported the moderation and moderated mediation hypotheses for the three specific components of self-compassion (i.e., common humanity, self-judgment, and over-identification). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Second-generation assimilation outcomes have been hotly debated amongst migration scholars. While there is a general tendency in the literature to emphasize the positive outcomes of ethnic religious organizational participation, this article explores how some youth downwardly assimilate even though they actively take part in such organizations. This project, on the greater Seattle area Vietnamese Buddhist youth organizations, explores how organizations of various forms, and the peer groups formed within these organizations, play a crucial role in mobility outcomes. Based on 53 interviews with second-generation Vietnamese Americans, this study shows how participation in organizations that are based on horizontal peer groups can result in various assimilation outcomes including the creation of oppositional youth cultures, while organizations centered on vertical intergenerational groups can induce normative values. This article suggests migration scholars refocus on studying the processes that lead to different assimilation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Battle Battle: Engaging Diversity in the American Liberal Arts College examines the production of an Asian American hip-hop musical, directed by the author, at a private liberal arts college in the US. This article demonstrates how the production process was determined by the complex history of racial formation and relations in America. Those who were extremely attached to standardized Eurocentric practices of control in education could only read this complexity as disorder and found the process to be out of control or anarchic. The author claims, however, that the process was necessarily anarchic insofar as the production was undertaken as a decolonizing project; an attempt to undermine structures of domination and employ an ethical and democratic way of working that directly conflicted with the violent constraints of White hegemony that are present in elite educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the school discipline gap reveals growing awareness of the disproportionate impact on students of color; however, dynamics of the racial discipline gap remain underanalyzed. This article uses risk ratios to descriptively establish if ethnic disproportionality in school discipline is present among Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) subgroups. We find that when AAPI data are disaggregated, significant variations in discipline patterns emerge. Pacific Islanders are nearly twice as likely as their White peers to be disciplined when separated from Asian Americans, and all Pacific Islander subgroups are at equal or higher risk for discipline. We also find a discipline gap between ethnic subgroups. Our findings affirm the need to further refine the analyses of race and school discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have examined the asthma burden among small racial/ethnic minority groups such as Asian children. We examined asthma disparities among children aged 4-17 in 6 small non-Hispanic racial/ethnic minority groups (American Indian/Alaska Native [AI/AN], Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, other Asian, and multiple race) by using the 2006-2015 National Health Interview Survey. These small minority groups represented a weighted 6.1% of the study population (6770 of 88 049). The prevalence of current asthma ranged from 5.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5%-7.5%) among Chinese children to 13.8% (95% CI, 10.4%-17.2%) among multiple-race children and 14.6% (95% CI, 10.8%-18.4%) among AI/AN children. Compared with non-Hispanic white children, AI/AN (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2) and multiple-race (aOR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-2.0) children had higher odds for current asthma. Several small racial/ethnic minority groups are at heightened risk of asthma-associated outcomes, highlighting the need for further research on these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on an ethnographic study of a media program serving Hmong immigrant youth to illuminate perspectives and practices of teaching and learning that draw on Hmong culture’s emphasis on family and collectivism. Our explication is guided by the following question: How do a Hmong adult youth program advisor and Hmong youth connect as “family” in an educative relationship? It reveals insight for understanding the ways in which low-income, immigrant youth may be supported within educational contexts imbued by an intimacy and reciprocity that revalues the social and cultural dimensions of their lives. The article significantly advances research on the ways in which educators who share with youth the same racialized identity, neighborhood, and community construct learning environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from an ecological systems framework, we qualitatively explored how Confucian-heritage Asian American emerging adults compared with non-Hispanic European American emerging adults on views of sibling relationships and birth order. Thematic analysis of 48 semistructured interviews revealed positive sibling relationship themes for both ethnocultural groups: mutual support, companionship, and appreciation; comfort from shared burden of negative parental interactions; and pride in one another. Birth order themes were also similar across the groups. Firstborns reported a strong pressure to be a role model to later-borns, provide sibling care, assume family responsibilities, and not expect to rely on younger siblings. Despite these similarities, Asian American firstborns were unique in taking comfort in having siblings who share a less traditional Asian cultural perspective than their parents. They also described additional pressure from being the oldest within an immigrant family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite one-dimensional stereotypes and barriers experienced by Asian American women, many have achieved prominence. We know very little about these stories, their lives, or what helped them to achieve beyond expectations. Based on the Productive Giftedness Model, the article identifies the common traits and supportive conditions that influence their success. To help illustrate these experiences, the article highlights the lives of 10 notable Asian American women across diverse professions. These women displayed “productive giftedness” as girls; they were accomplished, determined, and skillful early on, which led to excellence, awards, and leadership opportunities. Many also had supportive conditions including the investment of one or more adults. Parents, teachers, and mentors can further enhance these opportunities for Asian American girls. These general principles can be learned and applied to other groups as well. Supporting individual, instructional, and environmental factors can influence learning and achievement for girls in the early and school years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how mother-daughter connectedness may moderate: (a) the effect of acculturative family distancing (AFD) on psychological well-being (PWB), (b) the effect of mother-daughter conflict on PWB, and (c) the mediation effect of AFD on PWB through mother-daughter conflict. Four hundred and ten Asian American students completed an online survey. Our first hypothesis was not supported; the relation between AFD and PWB was significantly negative for those with higher connectedness but not significant for those with lower connectedness. We found support for the second and third hypotheses, whereby the associations were significantly negative at very low levels of connectedness, significantly positive at very high levels of connectedness, and not statistically significant at low, moderate, or high levels of connectedness. Our findings highlight the protective nature of connectedness in the mother-daughter relationship, which challenges the notion that cultural differences within Asian American families are necessarily associated with negative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]