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Our objective was to determine if past-year mental illness and substance use disorders (SUD) among pregnant smokers predicted the probability of receipt of counselling for cigarette smoking cessation. A secondary analysis of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2016–2019 was conducted. We found that approximately 83% of pregnant smokers (N = 373) received screening for cigarette smoking, and 65% received cessation counselling. Having mental illness predicted the probability of receipt of counselling for smoking cessation in pregnant smokers (adjusted odds ratio [ AOR ]: 3.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–11.27). However, having SUD (alcohol [ AOR : 2.30; 95%CI: 0.57–9.26] or illicit drug use [ AOR : 1.32; 95%CI: 0.26–6.82]) or comorbid mental illness and SUD (AOR : 0.23; 95%CI: 0.03–2.03) was not associated with receipt of counselling for smoking cessation. Practice guidelines and policy initiatives are needed to reduce cigarette use and its related adverse health outcomes in pregnant smokers with SUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Families in the child welfare (CW) system who cannot be engaged in services are at high risk of negative outcomes. As motivational interviewing (MI) has been shown to improve engagement in similar contexts. This study aimed to systematically review MI with CW families as well as MI training with CW workers and social work students training to become CW workers. The review used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and searched multiple databases in June 2018. In September 2019, the initial search was repeated with additional searches to identify gray literature. Eight studies described the acquisition of MI among CW workers or student trainees, and 11 studies evaluated the impact of MI on families in CW. MI's impact on some family outcomes, such as engagement in services, was mixed, though MI paired with other evidence-based treatments showed positive effects. With regard to training CW workers and students in MI, differences in training duration, intensity, and modality make conclusions difficult, though trainees generally described MI favorably and some studies showed training increased worker empathy and self-efficacy. Importantly, few published studies have evaluated whether MI-trained CW workers impact out-of-home-care placement, and no studies have evaluated their impact on maltreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mapping of the human genome and scientific discoveries regarding genetic contributions to disease hold great promise for the prevention and treatment of an array of conditions. Social workers and other professionals must keep abreast of these developments and the ethical dimensions of such progress. Familiar ethical provisions such as confidentiality, informed consent, self-determination, and social justice take on new meaning in light of innovations in genetic science. This article reviews ethical issues and practice implications emerging from advances in genetics knowledge, and it suggests mechanisms for continuing professional development and involvement in this important area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]