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The objectives of this study were to develop a cross-cultural Chinese version of the Emotional and Social Dysfunction Questionnaire (ESDQ-C) and test its validity and reliability among Chinese-speaking stroke patients. Various methods were used to develop the ESDQ-C. A cross-sectional study was used to examine the validity and reliability of the developed questionnaire, which consists of 28 items belonging to six factors, anger, helplessness, emotional dyscontrol, indifference, inertia and fatigue, and euphoria. Satisfactory convergence and known-group validities were confirmed by significant correlations of the ESDQ-C with the Profile of Mood States–Short Form (p < .05) and with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (p < .05). The internal consistency was represented by Cronbach’s alpha, which was .96 and .79 to .92 for the entire scale and subscales, respectively. Appropriate application of the ESDQ-C will be helpful to identify critical adjustment-related types of distress and patients who experience difficulty coping with such distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia is a common complaint that can have significant daytime consequences. The prevalence of chronic insomnia may increase with age. The management of late-life insomnia can be complicated because aging is associated with normal changes in sleep structure, continuity, and timing, as well as a higher rate of medical and psychiatric disorders. A thorough evaluation and conceptualization of patients' problems should be conducted for effective treatment planning. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies have been proven effective in treating insomnia in elderly populations. Behavioral intervention and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia are recommended as first considerations. Light therapy may be administered for misalignment of the circadian phase. When necessary, hypnotic medications may be added with adequate safety precautions and consideration of comorbid conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]